The crisis of legal authority in the management of customary forests reflects deep-seated issues in the relationship between customary law and state law in Indonesia, particularly in the context of the Dayak indigenous community in Kalimantan. This research aims to identify and analyze the dynamics of legal conflicts and authority imbalances in forest management recognized as customary areas by local communities, but often claimed as state forest areas by the government. Using a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach and case study method, this research focuses on two strategic areas, namely Lamandau Regency and Gunung Mas. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and analysis of legal documents as well as customary territory maps from BRWA and AMAN. The research results indicate that the tension between customary law and state law is evident both structurally and in practice. On one hand, indigenous communities uphold principles of management based on local wisdom, spirituality, and social collectivism; on the other hand, the state imposes a positive law approach and administrative logic on forest areas. This conflict not only creates legal uncertainty but also marginalizes the role of indigenous communities as key stakeholders. The findings also indicate the existence of resistance efforts undertaken by indigenous communities through participatory mapping, strategic litigation, and strengthening local institutions. This research concludes that an approach of legal pluralism and substantial recognition of customary legal authority is a crucial step in creating ecological and social justice for indigenous communities.

Kerusakan yang diakibatkan karena abrasi tidak hanya berdampak pada kerugian materi tetapi juga berdampak pada penurunan tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat. Desa Pasar Banggi telah mengalami kemunduran garis pantai sepanjang 353 meter karena pengaruh abrasi, adanya perubahan garis pantai sudah terjadi sejak tahun 1962. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) memetakan tingkat kerawanan abrasi secara time series pada tahun 2014 - 2024, (2) mengetahui pengetahuan dan peran masyarakat dalam pengurangan risiko abrasi, dan (3) menganalisis tingkat keberhasilan dalam pengurangan abrasi di pesisir Desa Pasar Banggi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode yang digunakan yaitu berupa analisis spasial dengan citra google earth serta analisis deskriptif persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan selama 10 tahun terakhir dari tahun 2014 hingga tahun 2024 terjadi penurunan abrasi setiap tahunnya, puncak abrasi tertinggi pada bulan Juli tahun 2022. Tingginya abrasi selama 10 tahun terakhir dengan jarak abrasi dari darat ke laut mencapai tinggi 6 meter sedangkan tinggi abrasi dari tahun 2014 hingga tahun 2024 mencapai 4 meter selanjutnya pengetahuan masyarakat kategori sedang 43,33% sedangkan peran individu masyarakat pesisir Desa Pasar Banggi 33,33% selanjutnya peran kelembagaan 66,67% ketegori tinggi berdasarkan kamauan karena warga di Desa Pasar Banggi serta keberhasilan program non struktural yaitu ekowisata mangrove yang aktif dikembangkan mencapai 80%. 

21st century skills, often referred to as 6C, are not only learning objectives but also the foundation for creating individuals who can compete globally. In response to these needs, various innovative learning approaches have begun to be applied in the education system. One of them is Project Based Learning (PjBL). Based on these reasons, this study aims to analyze the trend of project based learning models in improving 6C skills. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with the PRISMA method. Data collection was carried out by analyzing 500 related articles found on Google Scholar. After the selection process is complete, the data collected will be presented in narrative form. The results of this study underline that Project-Based Learning (PjBL) is an effective learning method to support skill development, both in academic and non-academic aspects. Although there are a number of challenges in its implementation, the advantages of PjBL in encouraging motivation, increasing engagement, and shaping student character make it a feasible approach to be implemented widely at various levels of education. The implication of this finding is the need for integration of PjBL into the education curriculum with adequate training support for educators so that this method can be applied optimally and have a positive impact on the quality of learning.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of digital learning media in improving numeracy literacy using a meta-analytic approach. A total of 21 relevant studies were analyzed to determine the effect sizes of various digital media, including augmented reality, website-based learning, and gamification, across different educational levels. The findings indicate that digital learning media significantly enhance students' numeracy skills, with an average effect size of 0.845. Factors such as instructional methods, material complexity, intervention duration, and types of digital media influenced the level of effectiveness. Website-based media exhibited the highest effectiveness (d = 1.48), while audiovisual and gamified media contributed positively to non-cognitive learning outcomes. This study underscores the importance of integrating digital media to advance students' numeracy literacy in the era of technology.

Kabupaten Magelang menghadapi tantangan kompleks dalam pengelolaan sampah akibat pertumbuhan penduduk dan aktivitas ekonomi yang pesat. Metode yang digunakan adalah kegiatan sosialisasi pengelolaan sampah, aksi bersih-bersih lingkungan, dan pembagian apotek hidup. Tujuan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa dalam konservasi sumber daya alam hasil sosialisasi dan edukasi lingkungan ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan kesadaran, pemahaman dan partisipasi masyarakat desa dalam pengelolaan sampah, menumbuhkan budaya gotong royong, menciptakan lingkungan yang lebih sehat, serta mendorong pemanfaatan tanaman obat sebagai alternatif pengobatan alami guna mewujudkan Desa Girikulon yang lebih lestari dan mandiri. Program kerja berupa sosialisasi dan edukasi kolaborasi Tim 23 KKN Untidar Tidar Periode Januari 2025 bersama Dinas Lingkungan Hidup (DLH), kerjabakti kebersihan bersama warga setempat dan pembagian apotek hidup ini disambut baik oleh masyarakat, dan secara berkelanjutan dapat menciptakan desa yang bersih dan sehat.

In the following study explores how homeschooling can be an alternative Islamic education option for Muslim families. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method with a literature review. The results obtained from the research show that (1) Homeschooling is not a current topic in Islamic education. Rasulullah pioneered homeschooling . Rasulullah educated his friends and produced outstanding students at Arqam's house. There are three types of homeschooling in the Islamic tradition: single (family) homeschooling , multiple homeschooling (halaqah), and community (mosque) homeschooling . Natural education includes monotheism, religion, morals, leadership and vocational education. (4) Family education should touch on seven aspects: faith, morals, physical, intellectual, psychological, social and sexual. (5) To instill these values, various methods need to be used, including example, advice, customs, attention, appreciation and punishment. 

Purpose: The study explores the work program preparation, budgeting, implementation, and accountability of SDGs targets and achievements by Central Java and Yogyakarta.
Method: The research used a qualitative approach and included case studies of the governments of Central Java and Yogyakarta. Data was collected through interviews with the SDGs Implementation Team and study of SDGs documentation, then reduced, presented, and concluded.
Findings: The results showed three main themes that reveal accountability SDGs in Central Java and Yogyakarta: preparation and budgeting, implementation and accountability, and strengthening the implementation of SDGs. Those themes explained that the implementation of SDGs by Central Java and Yogyakarta governments are not carried out separately but are attached to programs and activities prepared about the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan. This study is expected to improve integration between central and regional governments so that SDGs can be reported according to actual conditions.
Novelty: The research provides an overview of the accountability mechanisms for SDG programs and activities, starting from the planning process, budgeting, and implementation to strengthening. This also reveals the facts SDGs accountability in the field, which demonstrate the legitimacy of local governments towards the commitment of implementation of SDGs.

Public service is a reflection of the relationship between the state and its citizens, measured through the effectiveness, accessibility, and accountability of bureaucracy in fulfilling basic public rights. This article examines public services from an administrative perspective by focusing on the principles of goods categorization (public goods, private goods, club goods, and common goods) and the classification of service types (goods and services). The study adopts a qualitative literature review approach by analyzing scholarly literature and public policy documents. The findings indicate that a precise understanding of public goods classification has strategic implications for policy formulation, resource allocation, and bureaucratic performance evaluation. This study further highlights that public service reform in Indonesia continues to face structural and cultural challenges, particularly in integrating good governance values and new public service principles. The article recommends a conceptual and institutional renewal to ensure that service systems are more adaptive to digital and inclusive societal dynamics.

English language skills are very important for students to support academic tasks and to support their future careers. English language skills include listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. The purpose of this study was to determine the determining factors of English language skills of students in the Nutrition Science study program at the Persada Nabire Health Sciences College (STIKes). The type of research used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used are interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that in general the determining factors of English language skills of students of the Nutrition Study Program of STIKes Persada Nabire include 4 factors, including: Listening Ability, in this case students have a low vocabulary, Speaking Ability, in this case what affects students' speaking ability is the students' anxiety about mistakes in speaking English and lack of mastery of English grammar, Reading Ability, factors that affect students are reading motivation and low vocabulary and lack of mastery of grammar, Writing Ability, factors that affect students are low interest and lack of support from the environment around students.

This research analyzes the news text on the ISKNEWS.COM online news portal. Then the other purpose of this research is to prove that the news texts in the portal, after being analyzed, are worthy of being used as teaching materials for critical reading for grade XI high school students. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach and a syntactic approach as the theoretical approach. The writer obtained data by reading several related references and recording information that could be used as data. For this reason, reading and scanning techniques were used in this research. The data in this study are news texts from the January 2024 edition of the ISKNEWS.COM online news portal. The data analysis method used is the agih method. The writer analyzes the text by identifying sentences that do not follow the syntax rules and the feasibility of the text as a good and correct news text. The analysis results show several syntactic errors identified, namely sentences with non-standard structures, the use of absorbed words in sentences, ambiguous sentences, inappropriate diction in sentence formation, and the use of words inefficiently. In addition, the news puzzle is proven to be used as teaching material for critical reading for grade XI high school students. This is because the syntactic errors found are still tolerable, and the text has a good structure.