The enactment own specific criminal law product, Indonesia has its Penal Code Law Number 1, 2023, known as Nusantara Code. Pros and cons are both seen as to the authority and ratification of the Nusantara Criminal Code, For example, the one-time major crime of killing no longer exists and its current punishment requires a ten-year probation period Whereas the death penalty is concerned, this means surveillance licensee should payout each year to judge on a case by case basis with clear definite rules in place. The officers and conduct of death row inmates during the operational process of the death penalty are each specifically set up by law. In addition to the burden of hearing and adjudicating a case at the trial stage, the judges perform a second function; that is watching over a permanent decision of law, whether it is against convicts sentenced to death or not. For this reason, ln the Nusantara Criminal Code the Death Penalty is an especially set offence and surveillance observation must also be handled specially to make the judgment of it by Supervision and Observation Judge both accurate questions can be settled once and for all.

The crime of sexual abuse against minors is a serious issue faced within the Indonesian legal system. This crime has long-term impacts on the victims and can potentially destroy the future of the child. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of criminal law policies regarding sexual abuse of minors, as well as the underlying factors contributing to the occurrence of such crimes. This research uses a juridical-sociological approach by collecting secondary data through literature studies and legal documents, as well as primary data through interviews and questionnaires. The results show that although laws related to child protection are in place, the implementation of law enforcement still faces various challenges. Additionally, social and psychological factors influence the frequency of sexual abuse against children. This research recommends an increase in legal socialization and the strengthening of law enforcement to better protect children from sexual crimes.
 
Abstrak
Kejahatan pencabulan terhadap anak di bawah umur merupakan masalah serius yang dihadapi dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Kejahatan ini memiliki dampak jangka panjang terhadap korban dan dapat merusak masa depan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas kebijakan hukum pidana terkait pencabulan terhadap anak, serta faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya kejahatan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder melalui studi pustaka dan dokumen hukum, serta data primer melalui wawancara dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun peraturan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan anak sudah ada, implementasi penegakan hukum masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan. Selain itu, faktor sosial dan psikologis juga memengaruhi frekuensi terjadinya pencabulan terhadap anak. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan sosialisasi hukum dan penguatan penegakan hukum untuk melindungi anak-anak dari kejahatan seksual.

This study explores into exploring the execution of Equilibrium Theory-Based Gender Equality (ETBGE) in Boja Village to enhance family welfare, employing a non-doctrinal (empiric) approach through observation and surveys. Gender equality is crucial for holistic development, especially in rural areas, as it promotes socioeconomic progress. Drawing on Equilibrium Theory, which advocates for equal This study delves into how gender equality principles can be effectively applied at the community level to enhance access to resources and opportunities. Through systematic observation and comprehensive surveys in Boja Village, the study evaluates gender dynamics, resource allocation, decision-making processes, and overall family welfare. Analysis of empirical data, including demographic profiles, economic indicators, and social structures, aims to uncover existing disparities and challenges in achieving gender equality objectives. The findings offer insights into the effectiveness of ETBGE principles in Boja Village, identifying successful areas and those needing further intervention. The study concludes by proposing practical recommendations and strategies to empower Boja Village residents, particularly women, enabling them to participate in decision-making, access resources equitably, and enhance the welfare of their families and the community.

The research aims to explore the socio-political dimensions of gender justice and human rights, emphasizing women's political equality while ensuring appropriate support for family life. Using a combination of field research (non-doctrinal) and a literature review of primary sources, including those related to Boja Village, the paper analyzes legislative changes and economic initiatives that have enhanced women's status and family welfare. The study also examines global and national gender-equality indices, evaluating their progress through both quantitative indicators and qualitative policy assessments/public opinion. The discussion highlights the complex roles of governments, non-governmental organizations, and women’s activist groups in advocating for gender parity on a global scale. While many aspects of life have seen improvements, cultural and economic challenges, along with institutional remnants, continue to hinder equal opportunities for both men and women. The coordinated approach to women’s and family welfare emphasizes gender- and culture-sensitive empowerment of the individual. The chapter concludes with policy and practice recommendations aimed at fostering more gender-sensitive interventions, accelerating progress toward universal human rights, and advancing the sustainable development agenda.