The purpose of this research is to examine the implications of opening cassation legal efforts against the decision of PKPU (Suspension of Debt Payment) due to the existence of the Constitutional Court's decision regarding the mandate of the Law on PKPU. The Constitutional Court Decision No. 23/PUU-XIX/2021 allows cassation legal efforts against PKPU decisions made by commercial courts in cases filed by creditors and where the debtor's peace offer is rejected. Not opening legal efforts, as stated in Article 235 paragraph (1) and Article 293 paragraph (1) of the Law on PKPU, aims to ensure legal certainty and meet the business world's needs for fair, fast, open, and effective debt settlement. The method used in this research is normative juridical and qualitative. The research results indicate that the opening of cassation legal efforts against PKPU decisions due to the Constitutional Court Decision No. 23/PUU-XIX/2021 has violated and hindered the mandate of the Law on PKPU to create legal certainty and settle debt problems quickly and effectively. The Constitutional Court's considerations in issuing Decision No. 23/PUU-XIX/2021 are based on efforts to uphold justice. However, it should also be understood that the essence of bankruptcy case settlement through PKPU is to achieve the benefit, which is the continuity of the debtor's business.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji implikasi terbukanya upaya hukum kasasi atas putusan PKPU akibat adanya Putusan MK tersebut terhadap amanat UU K-PKPU. Putusan MK No. 23/PUU-XIX/2021 yang membuka upaya hukum kasasi atas putusan PKPU oleh pengadilan niaga pada perkara yang diajukan oleh kreditur dan ditolaknya tawaran perdamaian dari debitur. Tidak dibukanya upaya hukum menurut Pasal 235 ayat (1) dan Pasal 293 ayat (1) UU K-PKPU bertujuan untuk menjamin kepastian hukum dan memenuhi kebutuhan dunia usaha atas penyelesaian utang-piutang secara adil, cepat, terbuka, dan efektif. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dan bersifat kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terbukanya upaya hukum kasasi atas putusan PKPU akibat adanya Putusan MK No. 23/PUU-XIX/2021 telah melanggar dan menghambat amanat UU K-PKPU untuk menciptakan kepastian hukum dan menyelesaikan masalah utang-piutang secara cepat dan efektif. Bahwa pertimbangan MK dalam mengambil Putusan No. 23/PUU-XIX/2021 dilandaskan pada upaya untuk menjaga terwujudnya keadilan, namun demikian harus pula dimengerti bahwa ruh dari penyelesaian perkara kepailitan melalui PKPU adalah kemanfaatan, yaitu kelangsungan usaha debitur.    

This study examines the urgency of privacy reliability certificates in addressing the increasing prevalence of personal data breaches due to the rapid advancement of information and communication technology. In Indonesia, data breaches have significantly increased, with nearly 160 million personal data records exposed since 2004. These breaches have severe consequences, including identity theft and declining public trust in electronic systems. Although Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection has been enacted, its implementation and data security mechanisms remain suboptimal. This research adopts a normative juridical approach to analyze the legal standing of privacy reliability certificates under Law No. 20 of 2014 on Standardization and Conformity Assessment, as well as the legal obligations of electronic system operators in ensuring data security. The findings reveal that privacy reliability certificates are not yet mandatory for non-strategic electronic system operators in Indonesia, unlike in developed countries where similar certifications are required to enhance cybersecurity. The government should accelerate the adoption of privacy reliability certificates as a national standard (SNI) to strengthen personal data protection, increase transparency, and provide legal certainty for electronic system operators and users.
Penelitian ini mengkaji urgensi sertifikat keandalan privasi dalam mengatasi kebocoran data pribadi yang semakin meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Di Indonesia, kasus kebocoran data telah meningkat secara signifikan, dengan hampir 160 juta data pribadi terekspos sejak 2004. Hal ini berdampak serius terhadap individu dan bisnis, termasuk risiko pencurian identitas dan penurunan kepercayaan publik terhadap sistem elektronik. Meskipun Undang-Undang No. 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi telah diberlakukan, implementasi regulasi dan mekanisme perlindungan masih belum optimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif untuk menganalisis kedudukan hukum sertifikat keandalan privasi berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 20 Tahun 2014 tentang Standardisasi dan Penilaian Kesesuaian serta kewajiban hukum penyelenggara sistem elektronik dalam menerapkan standar keamanan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sertifikat keandalan privasi belum menjadi persyaratan wajib bagi operator sistem elektronik non-strategis di Indonesia, berbeda dengan praktik di negara-negara maju yang telah mewajibkan sertifikasi serupa untuk meningkatkan keamanan siber. Diperlukan percepatan adopsi sertifikat keandalan privasi sebagai standar nasional (SNI) untuk memastikan perlindungan data pribadi yang lebih kuat, meningkatkan transparansi, serta memberikan kepastian hukum bagi penyelenggara sistem elektronik dan pengguna.

This study aims to examine the reform of Islamic criminal law in addressing corruption cases through the lens of Maqasid al-Shariah (objectives of Islamic law). The urgency of this research lies in the systemic and pervasive nature of corruption, which undermines governance, public trust, and societal welfare, necessitating a legal framework that not only punishes but also prevents corruption in line with Islamic principles. Employing a normative juridical approach, this research analyzes primary and secondary legal materials related to corruption and Islamic law. The findings reveal that Maqasid al-Shariah provides a holistic framework that emphasizes prevention, rehabilitation, and justice, offering a balanced approach to corruption eradication. The novelty of this study lies in integrating Maqasid al-Shariah into Indonesia’s legal system to address corruption's root causes while promoting societal welfare and justice. Reforming Islamic criminal law based on Maqasid al-Shariah can strengthen anti-corruption efforts by focusing on justice, prevention, and societal welfare. This approach contributes to a more holistic and adaptive legal framework, supporting the eradication of corruption in Indonesia.

The urgency of this research is to inform the public that arisan online agreements are a form of legal action in the electronic realm that can be held accountable. Arisan online is highly important because human life today is closely tied to the virtual world, which will provide society with deeper knowledge about electronic transactions in the form of arisan online. The research approach is normative juridical. This study's novelty lies in discussing the importance of specific regulations for arisan online orally, which often occur with technological advancements and are usually conducted directly or in writing based on the Civil Code and the UU ITE. This study offers novelty by discussing the importance of specific regulations for arisan online, which are currently conducted verbally due to technological advancements. Previously, arisan was predominantly carried out in person and in written form. This is based on the Indonesian Civil Code and the UU ITE. The legal consequences of default in arisan online agreement include compensation (Article 1243 of the Civil Code), cancellation o(Article 1266 of the Civil Code), and payment of court fees if the case is brought to court (Article 181, paragraph 1 of the H.I.R.). By understanding these two aspects, this study provides input for legal practitioners in the field of electronic transactions and enhances the development of legal knowledge, particularly civil law.


Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kekuatan hukum perjanjian arisan online dan akibat hukum wanprestasi dalam perjanjian arisan online dikaitkan KUHPerdata dan UU ITE. Perjanjian arisan online merupakan kegiatan yang sedang digemari oleh semua golongan. Pada awalnya arisan dilakukan secara tatap muka, seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi arisan dapat dilakukan secara online, namun seringkali terjadi wanprestasi. Urgensi penelitian ini adalah masyarakat dapat mengetahui bahwa praktik arisan online merupakan salah satu perbuatan hukum dalam lingkup elektronik yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Arisan online memiliki urgensi yang sangat penting karena kehidupan manusia pada saat ini sangat berkaitan erat dengan dunia virtual sehingga akan memberikan pengetahuan baru yang lebih mendalam mengenai kegiatan transaksi elektronik berupa arisan online pada masyarakat. Metode pendekatan penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Penelitian ini memiliki kebaharuan yaitu membahas mengenai pentingnya regulasi khusus dalam praktik arisan online saat ini dilakukan karena adanya perkembangan teknologi yang biasanya dilakukan secara langsung dan secara tertulis dengan didasari KUHPerdata dan UU ITE. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kedudukan perjanjian arisan online yang dilakukan melalui sistem elektronik adalah sah dan mengikat kedua belah pihak dengan memenuhi syarat sah dan unsur perjanjian dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata dan Pasal 15 ayat 1 UU ITE. Akibat hukum apabila terdapat wanprestasi dalam perjanjian arisan online meliputi ganti rugi (1243 KUHPerdata), pembatalan perjanjian (1266 KUHPerdata), dan pembayaran biaya perkara jika diperkarakan di pengadilan (181 ayat 1 H.I.R.). Diketahuinya kedua hal tersebut memberikan masukan bagi para praktisi hukum dalam lingkup transaksi elektronik dan menambah pemahaman pengembangan ilmu hukum khususnya hukum perdata.

The aim of this research is to analyze the implications of the implementation of police investigative authority in the criminal justice system and to determine the obstacles that occur as well as coercive efforts made in investigations and prosecutions by authorized institutions so that they can be controlled through the system pretrials. This research discusses the implications and authority of police investigators in the criminal justice system and the role of pre-trial as one of the legal measures for the protection and rights of suspects in examinations at the investigative level, as well as what factors can create obstacles to the protection of suspects' rights. Pre-trial arrangements are regulated in Article 77 of the Criminal Procedure Code, namely examining the validity or not of coercive efforts to arrest and detain as well as checking whether or not the termination of investigation or prosecution, compensation, and rehabilitation is valid. The method used is normative empirical, which is the addition of data or empirical elements from field studies to obtain data by holding questions and answers with police institutions. The result of this study is to find out about the implications of investigator authority in criminal justice and the reasons for pretrial efforts made by suspects rejected or granted by the local district court.




Tujuan dari penelitian ini guna menganalisa implikasi terhadap pelaksanaan kewenangan penyidik kepolisian dalam sistem peradilan pidana dan untuk mengetahui kendala yang terjadi serta upaya paksa yang dilakukan dalam penyidikan maupun penuntutan oleh lembaga yang berwenang, sehingga dapat dikontrol melalui sistem praperadilan. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana implikasi serta kewenangan penyidik kepolisian dalam sistem peradilan pidana dan bagaimana peranan praperadilan sebagai salah satu upaya hukum terhadap perlindungan dan hak-hak tersangka dalam pemeriksaan pada tingkat penyidikan, serta faktor apa sajakah yang dapat menjadikan hambatan tentang perlindungan hak-hak tersangka. Pengaturan praperadilan diatur dalam pasal 77 KUHAP yaitu memeriksa sah atau tidaknya upaya paksa pada penangkapan dan penahanan serta memeriksa sah atau tidaknya penghentian penyidikan atau penghentian penuntutan, ganti rugi dan rehabilitasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah normatif empiris , studi lapangan untuk memperoleh data-data dengan mengadakan tanya jawab dengan institusi kepolisian. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dapat mengetahui implikasi kewenangan penyidik dalam peradilan pidana dan sebab upaya praperadilan yang dilakukan oleh tersangka ditolak atau dikabulkan oleh pengadilan negeri setempat.

The purpose of this writing is to review and know the supervisory function of the DPRD, to determine the answer and problem solving to obstacles or obstacles in the supervision of the DPRD, in the implementation of regional regulations and mayoral regulations in the city of Semarang. Functions, duties, authority of the DPRD of Semarang city play less optimally or less maximally carry out the function of supervision on the implementation of local regulations and mayoral regulations. So that the supervisory function carried out by the DPRD has not been or is not felt by the community which raises the assumption that dprd supervision is less effective and not in accordance with the expectations of the community. The results showed that there is still weak supervision by the DPRD, against local regulations or mayoral regulations, indicated there are still local regulations or regulations that conflict with the regulations above, Then the constraints in the supervisory function of the number of members of the Semarang city DPRD have not understood the supervisory function of the implementation of regional regulations and mayoral regulations due to their educational background and still attach importance to political groups or parties. Maximize or improve in carrying out the supervisory function of the Semarang city DPRD against local regulations and mayoral regulations, in accordance with Law number 23 of 2014 concerning local government.


Tujuan penulisan ini untuk mengkaji dan mengetahui fungsi pengawasan DPRD, untuk menentukan jawaban dan pemecahan masalah terhadap kendala atau hambatan dalam pengawasan DPRD, dalam pelaksanaan Peraturan Daerah dan Peraturan Walikota di Kota Semarang.Fungsi, tugas, wewenang DPRD kota Semarang kurang berperan secara optimal atau kurang maksimal mengemban fungsi pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan peraturan daerah dan peraturan walikota. Sehingga fungsi pengawasan yang dijalankan DPRD belum atau tidak dirasakan oleh masyarakat yang menimbulkan anggapan bahwa pengawasan DPRD kurang efektif dan tidak sesuai dengan harapan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih Lemahnya pengawasan oleh DPRD, terhadap peraturan daerah atau peraturan walikota, diindikasi masih ada peraturan daerah atau perwal yang bertentangan dengan peraturan diatasnya, Kemudian kendala dalam fungsi pengawasan banyaknya Anggota DPRD kota Semarang belum memahami fungsi pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan Peraturan Daerah dan Peraturan Walikota dikarenakan oleh latar belakang Pendidikan dan masih mementingkang kelompok atau partai politik. Maksimalkan atau tingkatkan dalam menjalankan fungsi pengawasan DPRD kota Semarang terhadap peraturan daerah dan peraturan walikota, sesuai dengan Undang-undang nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang pemerintah daerah.

The aim of this research is to analyze the responsibilities/authority of the Central Java Provincial Information Commission and its obstacles in developing Information and Documentation Management Officers (PPID) in resolving public information disputes. The type of research used in this writing is sociological legal research (sociolegal research) with a conceptual approach. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively. The Central Java Provincial Information Commission (KIP Central Java) has broad authority in developing Information and Documentation Management Officials (PPID) in its region which includes establishing information service standards, criteria and procedures for establishing PPID, as well as preparing technical guidelines. KIP also has a role in coaching through training, evaluation and supervision of PPID. In addition, KIP has the authority to handle complaints related to violations of the right to public information and can provide recommendations or sanctions. Monitoring, supervision and administrative actions are also part of KIP's responsibility to ensure PPID's compliance with legal provisions. The development of Information and Documentation Management Officers (PPID) by the Central Java Province Information Commission faces several obstacles, namely, regulations regarding the rights, authority and obligations of the Information Commission through the Council of Commissioners have not been clearly regulated in statutory regulations. In the Adjudication hearing there were also obstacles related to the Respondent's power of attorney, not all of whom were PPID. Then, PPID has difficulty ensuring the classification of the information requested by the Applicant, especially if the information is not listed as exempt information, and a lack of clear understanding of standard operational procedures can hinder the effective processing of information requests.


Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis tanggung jawab/wewenang Komisi Informasi Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan kendalanya dalam pembinaan Pejabat Pengelola Informasi dan Dokumentasi (PPID) dalam penyelesaian sengketa informasi publik. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini yakni penelitian hukum yuridis sosiologis (sociolegal research) dengan pendekatan konseptual. Analisa data dilakukan secara kualitatif. Komisi Informasi Provinsi Jawa Tengah (KIP Jawa Tengah) memiliki wewenang yang luas dalam pembinaan Pejabat Pengelola Informasi dan Dokumentasi (PPID) di wilayahnya yang mencakup penetapan standar pelayanan informasi, kriteria dan prosedur pembentukan PPID, serta penyusunan pedoman teknis. KIP juga memiliki peran dalam pembinaan melalui pelatihan, evaluasi, dan supervisi terhadap PPID. Selain itu, KIP memiliki kewenangan dalam menangani pengaduan terkait pelanggaran hak atas informasi publik dan dapat memberikan rekomendasi atau sanksi. Pemantauan, pengawasan, dan tindakan administratif juga menjadi bagian dari tanggung jawab KIP untuk memastikan ketaatan PPID terhadap ketentuan hukum. Pembinaan Pejabat Pengelola Informasi dan Dokumentasi (PPID) oleh Komisi Informasi Provinsi Jawa Tengah menghadapi beberapa kendala yakni, regulasi mengenai hak, wewenang, dan kewajiban Komisi Informasi melalui Majelis Komisioner belum diatur dengan jelas dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Dalam sidang Ajudikasi juga terdapat kendala terkait kuasa Termohon yang tidak seluruhnya merupakan PPID. Lalu, PPID kesulitan memastikan klasifikasi informasi yang diminta oleh Pemohon, terutama jika informasi tersebut tidak terdaftar sebagai informasi yang dikecualikan, dan pemahaman kurang jelas terhadap prosedur operasional standar dapat menghambat pemrosesan permohonan informasi secara efektif.

Penelitian ini berfokus pada “Pendapatan Produk Roti Barokah Sebelum Dan Sesudah Memiliki Logo Halal Pada Toko Kelontong Yang Menjadi Tempat Penitipan”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh label halal terhadap penjualan roti di Barokah Bakery dan apakah penyebab penurunan pendapatan penjualan roti di Barokah Bakery. Jenis penelitian ini jika di tinjau dari rencana penelitian maka dapat digolongkan ke dalam penelitian kualitatif, yaitu menekankan pada pengamatan fenomena dan meneliti ke subtansi makna dari fenomena yang diteliti,  labelisasi halal tidak berpengaruh terhadap penjualan roti barokah yang di titipkan disini hal tersebut terjadi karena konsumen yang belanja di sini kurang memperdulikan tentang label halal yang terpenting hanya rasa enak, ukuran besar, dan harga yang murah dan banyaknya pesaing dari merek laindan terjadinya covid 19 yang melanda Indonesia pada tahun 2020 kemarin. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1. labelisasi halal tidak berpengaruh terhadap penjualan roti barokah. 2. Penyebab terjadinya penurunan penjualan disebabkan oleh persaingan pasar dengan menjual produk yang sama. Dan penurunan jumlah konsumen yang disebabkan oleh fenomena covid 19.

The largest source of energy currently utilized is still predominantly from fossils. Fossil energy sources are non-renewable so over time they will run out. So it is necessary to utilize renewable energy sources. One renewable energy source that is environmentally friendly and easy to obtain is wind energy. Wind is a collection of air that is experiencing movement due to a difference in pressure on the earth's surface. Wind will move from areas of high pressure to areas of lower pressure. Experimental research on wind energy is a useful energy that can be put to good use. Wind energy is a form of energy that comes from utilizing air flow in the atmosphere to produce mechanical or electrical energy. The main technology used to utilize wind energy is a wind turbine, which converts wind kinetic energy into electrical energy through a generator. Which of course also requires sufficient wind speed so that the wind turbine can rotate and produce mechanical movement in the form of rotational torque which can then be converted into electrical energy. Wind energy has great potential as a clean, sustainable and environmentally friendly resource, as it does not produce greenhouse gas emissions or hazardous waste during its operation. However, wind energy development faces challenges such as fluctuations in wind speed, large land requirements, visual impacts, and potential disruption to local ecosystems. With technological innovation and careful planning, wind energy can be a significant solution to meet global energy needs in a sustainable manner.

Wood is a superior choice as the main material for forming the structure of a construction system. Its unique characteristics and the fact that it can withstand gravity and lateral forces make it the first choice as a material for construction models. Landa', which functions as a rice storage house, has a unique construction system with the use of natural materials. The research was conducted by exploring how the construction system of landa' is formed from materials and materials using qualitative methods with a descriptive way of presentation. The results of the study concluded that the construction system of landa' uses a unique method by placing each part above the other to form a single unit of the landa' building, the column (pessajo) is bound by the beam (tolohna) and the addition of beams (parende) which will support the body of the landa', the body part is composed of walls (rinding) and fastened with a locking system tallu boko' and sa'pi’ which will support the roof (dea).