Background: Low back pain (LBP) is still one of the health problems, including in the dental profession. Doctor Dentists have a risk of experiencing Low Back Pain (LBP) when viewed from their static work activities. work activities that are static. The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between ergonomic factors and complaints of Low Back Pain (LBP) in general dentists practicing independently in Jambi City. general dentists practicing independently in Jambi City. Methods: This study is a quantitative study with an observational observational research design and using a cross sectional research design. The study population was general dentists practicing in Jambi City, totaling 204 people. Respondents in this study 70 people. Data collection using the ODI questionnaire for measurement LBP measurement, fingertip pulse oximeter for measurement of workload, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) for work posture measurement, vibration meter for vibration measurement, and lux meter for lighting measurement. Data analysis using chi-square statistical test version 24. Results: The results showed the prevalence of complaints of Low Back Pain (LBP) in dentists was 60%. dentists amounted to 60%. The statistical test results show that the variables workload (p=0.000 <0.05), work posture (p=0.000 <0.05), length of work (p = 0.000 < 0.05), repetition (p = 0.003 < 0.05), lighting (p = 0.415 > 0,05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between workload, work posture, work duration, repetition with complaints of Low Back Pain (LBP) and there is no relationship between workload, work posture, work duration, repetition and lighting

Self-confidence is a crucial aspect of student development and academic success. However, many students still struggle with low self-confidence. This article reviews the effectiveness of group counseling through a literature review of 22 journals (2013–2025). Findings show that group counseling effectively enhances self-confidence across various educational levels. Techniques used include REBT, bibliocounseling, self-instruction, and role play. Success also depends on the stages of implementation. Group counseling provides a reflective and supportive space, making it a suitable intervention strategy in guidance and counseling programs.

Amid the fast and easily accessible digital information flow, hoaxes pose a serious threat to society, especially in religious contexts. This article explores the importance of implementing problem-based learning strategies to develop Islamic digital literacy, particularly among Islamic Religious Education (PAI) students and future religious educators. Through this approach, students not only learn to filter and verify information but also internalize Islamic values in their digital media use. Islamic digital literacy developed through problem-based learning helps foster a healthy and responsible digital space and strengthens the role of students as change agents in combating the spread of hoaxes

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the Indonesian economy, but in digital business practices, they often face legal challenges in business contracts, whether with suppliers, distributors, or marketplace platforms. This article examines aspects of legal protection for MSMEs in digital business contracts and identifies inequalities that occur in business relationships with large companies. This study uses a normative-juridical research method by analyzing business contract regulations in Indonesia as well as comparative studies with legal systems in other countries. This study concludes that MSMEs need more proactive regulations in ensuring fairness in digital business contracts so as not to experience exploitation from more dominant parties.
 
 

In this modern era, advances in technology and social media play a big role in shaping children's character. Easy access to information and social interaction through social media can have a positive or negative impact on student character development. As an effort to overcome these negative impacts, Islamic religious education in schools plays an important role in forming characters with noble character. This research aims to analyze the role of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in shaping student character through religious values ??at the MTS 1 Pandeglang school. Islamic Religious Education Teachers are not only tasked with delivering religious material, but also function as role models, mentors and directors in students' daily lives. This research also explores how religious values, such as honesty, discipline and empathy, are integrated into school activities and implemented in students' lives. This character building involves all school components, including collaboration between teachers and active participation of students in various activities that prioritize moral and spiritual values. Apart from that, in the context of character formation, the influence of social media is also a concern, where students are given the understanding to filter and select information that is in accordance with religious teachings and noble values. Thus, character formation based on religious values ??at the MTS 1 Pandeglang school is expected to produce individuals who are not only academically intelligent, but also have good morals in social life.

Abstract: This study aims to analyze how Australian history is represented in Indonesian history textbooks and how these narratives have evolved. Specifically, it examines the differences in the portrayal of Australian history in high school history textbooks published during the New Order government (1966-1998) and the Reformasi government (1999-2023). To achieve this objective, this study employs the critical discourse analysis method, which allows for systematically examining communication symbols embedded in historical narratives. This approach enables a deeper understanding of how historical events are framed and contextualized in Indonesian history textbooks. The findings reveal that during the New Order period (1966-1998), Australian history was primarily linked to Indonesia’s independence struggle (1945-1949) and the Guided Democracy period (1959-1965). During this time, Australia was depicted as a nation that supported Indonesia’s independence. However, in the Reformasi era (post-1999), significant changes emerged in the historical narrative, particularly in depicting Australia’s involvement in the East Timor referendum. Textbooks published after 1999 reflect a more complex relationship, highlighting Australia’s role in East Timor’s separation from Indonesia. These findings indicate that the representation of history in textbooks is influenced by political dynamics and diplomatic relations between the two nations. The shift in historical narratives demonstrates how government policies and national discourse shape students' collective understanding of international history. Therefore, the history curriculum must adopt a more critical and balanced approach to avoid being solely shaped by political interests. This study confirms that historical narratives in textbooks are not static but are shaped by contemporary political contexts and bilateral relations.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana sejarah Australia direpresentasikan dalam buku teks sejarah Indonesia serta bagaimana narasi tersebut berkembang dari waktu ke waktu., khususnya yang diterbitkan pada masa pemerintahan Orde Baru (1966–1998) dan masa Reformasi (1999–2023). Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode critical discourse analysis (analisis wacana kritis) yang memungkinkan penelusuran sistematis terhadap simbol-simbol komunikasi yang terkandung dalam narasi sejarah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada masa Orde Baru, sejarah Australia umumnya dikaitkan dengan perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia (1945–1949) dan masa Demokrasi Terpimpin (1959–1965), di mana Australia digambarkan sebagai negara yang mendukung kemerdekaan Indonesia. Namun, pada masa Reformasi (pasca-1999), narasi sejarah mengalami perubahan signifikan, terutama terkait peran Australia dalam proses referendum Timor Timur. Buku-buku teks yang diterbitkan setelah 1999 menunjukkan hubungan yang lebih kompleks, dengan menyoroti peran Australia dalam pemisahan Timor Timur dari Indonesia. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa representasi sejarah dalam buku teks sangat dipengaruhi oleh dinamika politik dan hubungan diplomatik kedua negara. Perubahan narasi mencerminkan bagaimana kebijakan pemerintah dan wacana nasional membentuk pemahaman kolektif siswa terhadap sejarah internasional. Oleh karena itu, kurikulum sejarah perlu diarahkan pada pendekatan yang lebih kritis dan seimbang agar tidak didominasi oleh kepentingan politik semata. Studi ini menegaskan bahwa narasi sejarah dalam buku teks bersifat dinamis dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh konteks politik serta hubungan bilateral yang sedang berlangsung.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on education, forcing learning to switch to an online system to prevent the spread of the virus. However, problems still persist, especially in elementary school mathematics education, students tend to think mathematics is difficult and not very interesting. This is due to the ineffective classroom learning approach, so that many students lose interest in learning mathematics. Therefore, innovative solutions are needed that can increase students' interest and understanding of mathematics learning, such as a gamification approach for students who prefer to play. The purpose of this study is to develop a mobile application that combines a gamification approach as a mathematics learning material for elementary school students. The system concept in this mobile application is that students can work on practice questions and see learning outcomes, choose an avatar on the edit profile, and access the discussion forum available in the application. This application is designed to create an interactive, fun and effective learning experience using the ADBO (Analyze, Design, Build, Operate) method which is systematic and directed to ensure that each stage of the process provides optimal results and according to user needs with the hope of overcoming complex problems faced by students. Through the modeling used in the preparation of this application, it is hoped that it will be in accordance with its purpose, namely to provide convenience to elementary school students, from grade 1 to grade 6, to become better at learning.

This research discusses how the integration of Islamic values and learning innovation can be applied in Islamic Religious Education in higher education, especially at the Indonesian Education University. The background of this research is the challenges of globalization and technological developments that require Islamic education to continue to innovate without ignoring the principles of sharia. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, involving lecturers, students, and religious leaders as informants. The results showed that the integration of Islamic values in Islamic education is done through the Islamization of science approach, the use of technology in learning, and the creation of a religious academic environment. In addition, innovations such as Problem-Based Learning and Experiential Learning methods proved to be able to increase students' interest and understanding of Islamic teachings. In conclusion, collaboration between academics, students, and religious leaders is very important in creating Islamic Religion Education learning that is relevant, interesting, and still in accordance with Sharia law. This research is expected to provide an overview and strategic recommendations for the development of Islamic education in the modern

This study aims to analyze the effect of education level on voter behavior in Pante Ceureumen District, West Aceh Regency, in the 2024 Legislative Election. Voter behavior is an important factor in determining election results and is influenced by various aspects, one of which is the level of education. The theory in this study is the theory of voter behavior using three approaches, namely the Sociological Approach, Psychological Approach, and rational choice. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, where data is collected through questionnaires distributed to voters in Pante Ceureumen District. The population in the study were people who had the right to vote in the 2024 legislative elections in the pante ceureumen sub-district, which amounted to 8,444 people who were then sampled using the slovin formula with a 5% margin of error, then the results obtained were 382 samples, then the data obtained and analyzed using simple linear regression to determine the effect of education level variables on voter behavior. Based on the Hypothesis Test, the tcount value of the education level is 11.622 with a significance of 0.000. Judging from the tcount value of 11.622> t table 1.960 and a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. So the results showed that there was a significant influence between the level of education and voter behavior in Pante Ceureumen District.

Indonesian and German originate from different language families, namely Austronesian and Germanic. This distinction leads to significant grammatical differences between the two languages. This article explores key aspects that differentiate Indonesian and German grammar, including sentence structure, case system, verb conjugation, article usage, and compound word formation. Understanding these differences helps language learners avoid common mistakes and enhance their proficiency in both languages. This study is supported by various sources from recent books and academic articles to provide a more comprehensive analysis.