The background of this research is the importance of the Visum et Repertum (VeR) examination in identifying victims and determining the cause of death, especially in cases of unidentified corpses that are often found in the Riau Islands area. Proper and accurate VeR checks are vital to support the criminal investigation process, provide justice for victims and their families, and maintain the integrity of the criminal justice system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the VeR examination conducted at Bhayangkara Batam Hospital in assisting victim identification and supporting criminal investigations. The study also aims to identify the obstacles faced in the examination process and provide suggestions to improve its effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the VeR examination conducted at Bhayangkara Batam Hospital in assisting victim identification and supporting criminal investigations. The study also aims to identify the obstacles faced in the examination process and provide suggestions to improve its effectiveness. The research method used is normative juridical with an empirical juridical approach at Bhayangkara Batam Hospital. The data was collected through in-depth interviews with forensic doctors, police investigators, and analysis of VeR documents and reports. The data obtained were analyzed using positive law theory from John Austin, legal system theory from Lawrence M. Friedman, and evidentiary law theory. The results showed that although the VeR examination at Bhayangkara Batam Hospital was generally effective, although there were several obstacles that affected the quality and speed of the examination, such as limited resources, medical personnel skills, and the condition of the corpses that were often decomposed. Suggested efforts to overcome these obstacles include improving forensic medical facilities and equipment, ongoing training for medical personnel, implementing standard protocols, and increasing cooperation between related agencies. Suggestions include the need for governments to invest more in forensic infrastructure, the importance of public education on missing persons reporting, and the need for increased collaboration and integrated training for investigators and forensic experts. With the implementation of these suggestions, it is hoped that the effectiveness of VeR examinations can be improved, thereby supporting criminal investigations in a more efficient and fair manner.

Knowing how legal remedies are in the use of social media, social media has become a phenomenal and inseparable need for the Indonesian people. Some of the features possessed by social media include uploading statuses, sharing news pages, chatting, audiovisual communication and other features. Even though all people's behavior on social media platforms has been regulated by law, criminal acts as cybercrime still occur. Cybercrime is an unusual form of crime, in fact this crime can not only harm society, but can cause losses, and the peak can even destroy a country. This information age is often referred to as the digital revolution through technological developments and the development of communication tools. The internet is an information and communication technology that is most often encountered in human activities. The internet is one for surfing in cyberspace without any restrictions, a network that is very easy to access. The Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) and the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE), namely Law Number 19 of 2016 Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 have been applied to cyber crime.

To compete with other stores, store owners need to design various strategies, one of which is understanding customer purchase patterns. This article examines the Squeezer algorithm and compares the performance of the Apriori and FP-Growth algorithms in forming customer purchase association patterns that can be used as a reference for store owners in planning sales strategies. The data mining process was carried out using Association Rules and Clustering methods. A total of 1256 sales transaction data samples were analyzed to understand the association patterns produced by each method. Based on the test results with a minimum support of 0.2 and a confidence of 0.6, the Apriori algorithm produced 194 association rules with a total rule strength of 1.16. Meanwhile, the FP-Growth algorithm produced 52 association rules with the same total rule strength of 1.16. The Clustering Method resulted in 7 clusters with a similarity value of 0.06322. After comparison, the FP-Growth algorithm proved to have better performance in generating association rules compared to the Apriori algorithm.

Detention Center/Prison is an institution where defendants who are undergoing trial are held and where criminal sentences are carried out for law violators in Indonesia. In the detention center/prison there are of course rules and regulations that apply to inmates. These provisions are contained in Law 32 of 1995 concerning corrections. Placement in solitary confinement is a form of disciplinary punishment for violators. Silence is given to convicts who are proven to have committed light category offenses more than once or have committed offenses at the moderate level. The aim of implementing silent closure is so that violators can reflect well on their mistakes and are expected not to commit further violations in the future. Because after this, if they commit a violation, the consequences will be more severe.

This research aims to examine the authority of courts over decisions made by the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK), which is an institution for consumer dispute resolution. The role of the BPSK becomes evident when it imposes penalties on businesses to compensate consumers who have suffered losses. Although BPSK decisions are considered final and binding, they can still be overturned by the court based on objections raised by the losing party. Therefore, the urgency of this study lies in discussing the jurisdiction of the court regarding BPSK decisions. The research employs a normative research method and qualitative analysis to arrive at conclusions addressing the core issues. A novel aspect of this study is the examination of the court’s involvement in BPSK decisions based on objections raised by the losing party. The research findings conclude that the BPSK provides legal protection to consumers if they indeed suffer losses due to business negligence, and the court has the authority to annul BPSK decisions if the subject matter falls outside the BPSK’s jurisdiction for examination and adjudication. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kewenangan pengadilan atas putusan Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) yang merupakan lembaga penyelesaian sengketa konsumen. Peranan BPSK terlihat ketika memutuskan menghukum pelaku usaha untuk memberi ganti rugi kepada konsumen yang mengalami kerugian. Walaupun putusan BPSK bersifat final dan mengikat tetapi ternyata putusan tersebut masih dapat dibatalkan oleh pengadilan berdasarkan keberatan yang diajukan oleh pihak yang kalah. Sehingga urgensi penelitian ini guna membahas tentang kewenangan pengadilan terhadap putusan BPSK. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dan dianalisa secara kualitatif untuk mendapatkan kesimpulan yang menjawab permasalahan yang menjadi pokok permasalahan. Kebaharuan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan pengkajian tentang turut campurnya pengadilan atas putusan BPSK atas keberatan yang diajukan oleh pihak yang kalah. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa BPSK memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada konsumen jika memang konsumen menderita kerugian akibat kelalaian pelaku usaha dan pengadilan berwenang untuk membatalkan putusan BPSK jika pokok perkaranya bukan kewenangan BPSK untuk memeriksa dan mengadili perkara tersebut

The study aims to examine the legal concepts of Acts against the Law and default in Indonesian civil law as well as claims for damages caused by them. The urgency of this research lies in the need to update and change current laws to be more responsive to the ongoing social, economic, and technological changes. Uncertainty and inconsistency in the application of damages clauses often lead to legal uncertainties and injustice for the parties involved. This research method uses the normative juris. The results of the research show that there is a fundamental difference between acts against the law, which originate from an alliance born of law, and a default, which originates from a union born of agreement. This study found that claims for damages in cases of Acts against the Law and default are regulated differently in the UNCITRAL, with elements of damages such as real costs (damnum emergens) and lost profits (lucrum cessans). The findings of this study emphasize the importance of legal reform to address the ambiguities and inconsistencies in the application of damages provisions. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive approach to the normative analysis of Indonesian civil law related to damages for Acts against the Law and default, as well as practical recommendations for improving the performance of civil law enforcement in Indonesia so that it is expected to provide better and fair legal protection for the injured parties. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep hukum dari perbuatan melawan hukum dan wanprestasi dalam hukum perdata Indonesia serta tuntutan ganti rugi yang diakibatkannya. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada kebutuhan untuk memperbarui dan mengubah hukum saat ini agar lebih responsif terhadap perubahan sosial, ekonomi, dan teknologi yang terus terjadi. Ketidakjelasan dan ketidakkonsistenan dalam penerapan ketentuan ganti rugi sering kali menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan ketidakadilan bagi pihak-pihak yang terlibat. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan mendasar antara perbuatan melawan hukum, yang berasal dari perikatan lahir dari undang-undang, dan wanprestasi, yang berasal dari perikatan lahir dari perjanjian. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ketentuan ganti rugi dalam kasus wanprestasi dan perbuatan melawan hukum diatur secara berbeda dalam KUHPerdata, dengan elemen ganti rugi seperti biaya nyata (damnum emergens) dan keuntungan yang hilang (lucrum cessans). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya reformasi hukum untuk mengatasi ketidakjelasan dan ketidakkonsistenan dalam penerapan ketentuan ganti rugi. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada pendekatan komprehensifnya terhadap analisis normatif hukum perdata Indonesia terkait ganti rugi untuk perbuatan melawan hukum dan wanprestasi, serta rekomendasi praktis untuk meningkatkan kinerja penegakan hukum perdata di Indonesia, sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan perlindungan hukum yang lebih baik dan adil bagi pihak yang dirugikan. Ganti Rugi; Perbuatan Melawan Hukum; Hukum Perdata 

This research is normative legal research that uses a normative judicial approach. The research results show that: (1) There are differences of opinion between judges, e-commers and notaries. regarding the strength of proof of a signature on an electronic document in proving civil procedural law in Indonesia. Judges and e-commers are of the opinion that electronic documents that have been signed with an electronic signature have the same evidentiary power as authentic deeds made by authorized officials, after the issuance of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Meanwhile, the notary is of the opinion that an electronic document signed with an electronic signature only has the power of proof under the hand, because it does not meet the requirements as an authentic deed, that is, it does not appear before an authorized official; and (2) Settlement of disputes resulting from non-fulfillment of the agreement can be resolved using a court or an institution outside the court, but e-comers generally use institutions outside the court because it is considered easier and faster to resolve and the costs are cheaper.The use of an electronic signature on an electronic document can guarantee the security of an electronic information message, which uses a public network, because electronic signatures are created based on asymmetric cryptography technology. From this research, there are differences of opinion regarding the evidentiary power of electronic documents signed with electronic signatures that are used as evidence in trials. The use of an electronic signature on an electronic document can guarantee the security of an electronic information message, which uses a public network, because electronic signatures are created based on asymmetric cryptography technology. From this research, there are differences of opinion regarding the evidentiary power of electronic documents signed with electronic signatures that are used as evidence in trials. Furthermore, electronic signatures need to be certified so that they have evidentiary power such as authentic deeds and there is no need to carry out digital forensic tests in the evidentiary process at trial.
 
 

This community service research aims to describe hygiene care activities with the community located in the Al-Musta'in Mushollah, Ngentak Hamlet, Sumberjo Village, Plandaan District, Jombang Regency. The author used descriptive qualitative research with observation and documentation data collection techniques at the research location. The research method used before the activity was Particaptory Action Research (PAR). The results of the research show that the residents of Sumberjo Village have a high level of concern for cleanliness around the Al-Musta'in Musholla area in Ngentak Hamlet. These findings illustrate that there is a high sense of togetherness and solidarity among residents, as well as showing the existence of strong values of friendship and mutual respect between fellow residents. This reflects the culture of mutual cooperation that is still strong in society, where they not only care about the cleanliness of the environment individually, but also actively participate in maintaining cleanliness together, making the Al-Musta'in Musholla a focal point for uniting in efforts environmental maintenance and positive social values.

Planning project activities is one of the important foundations for project implementation so that the project can be carried out optimally. The schedule is part of project planning which is a parameter for the success of a project. Scheduling needs to be considered to determine the duration and sequence of project activities, so that a logical and realistic project schedule can be formed. The aim of this research is to obtain the critical path of a project activity along with the duration required during the project and to obtain the probability of the project reaching the expected target. In this research the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) method are used. . Based on the results of the calculations and discussion, it can be concluded that in the function setting activity a critical path was obtained which consists of 7 activities, namely A – B – F – G – H – I – J with a duration of 57 days. It was also found that the probability of the project reaching the expected target within 76 days or less was 0.9978 or 99.78%.
 
 
 

The purpose of writing this journal is to identify and analyze the ways and motives behind corrupt acts carried out by corporations, as well as understand the organizational structure and market dynamics that influence these corrupt practices. And evaluate the legal consequences that apply to corporations involved in acts of corruption and examine the effectiveness of implementing these penalties in efforts to prevent and overcome corruption among corporations. The approach method used in this research is Normative Law (normative juridical) using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative and empirical approach (field data). The research results show that corporations are involved in acts of corruption through various, often complex and covert means, driven by motives to increase profits, dominate markets, or avoid regulations. The mechanisms they use range from giving bribes, manipulating tenders, to money laundering practices. Corporations involved in acts of corruption can face a number of legal consequences, ranging from heavy fines, license revocation, asset confiscation, to operational restrictions. Although these penalties are intended to provide a deterrent effect, their effectiveness in preventing corporate corruption often varies. While fines may have a financial impact, without significant internal changes in corporate culture and governance, the potential for a return to corrupt behavior remains.