Spinach (Amaranthus spp.) is a vegetable plant that is highly dependent on the availability of light and nutrients for its growth. Proper spacing plays an important role in influencing a plant's access to light and nutrients, which ultimately impacts its yield. This study examines the impact of planting distance on light and nutrient competition in spinach. Planting spacing that is too tight can lead to intense competition between plants, reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis, and increase the risk of etiolation in lower plants. On the contrary, planting spacing that is too wide reduces land use efficiency and increases the likelihood of weed growth. The ideal planting distance ranges from 15-20 cm between plants, which ensures maximum utilization of light and nutrients without resulting in excessive competition, thus supporting optimal growth and yield

This research aims to find out the influence of the internal control system and individual morality on the prevention of fraud in the financial management of the village in South Central Timor District. The population in this study is the village chief, village secretary, village finance chief and village finance and wealth management department at the PMD department of South Central Timor District. This study employed a quantitative research methodology, which makes use of survey techniques. The scope of this research includes two independent variables, namely the internal control system and individual morality, and one dependent variable, namely fraud prevention. The data source used is the primary data source. The data collection is done by spreading the questionnaire. 69 questionnaires are distributed and 59 are processed. Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistical analysis, data quality tests, classical assumption tests, double linear regression analysis and hypothesis tests. The results of the research show that (1) the internal control system has a positive influence on the prevention of fraud in village financial management (2) the morality of individuals has a positive impact on fraud prevention in village finance management (3) the system of internal control and individual morality have simultaneously influenced on the preventing of frauds in village financing management.

The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted education, particularly in providing personalized learning and administrative efficiency. However, questions arise about whether the teacher's role remains relevant in this technological era. This study aims to examine the role of teachers in the context of AI development through a literature review method, analyzing previous research on AI integration in education. The findings reveal that while AI excels in data processing and adaptive learning, teachers maintain an irreplaceable role in building emotional connections, instilling moral values, and guiding students' character development. Teachers also act as mentors who provide motivation and facilitators who create interactive learning environments. These findings highlight the importance of collaboration between AI and teachers to create more inclusive and effective education. Therefore, AI should be seen not as a replacement but as a tool to enhance the teacher's role in fostering holistic student development.
 

One essential component of human life is education,resource development, and mathematics plays an essential role in developing logic and problem-solving skills among students. However, many elementary school students find mathematics to be difficult and boring, resulting in a lack of interest in the subject. One solution to enhance interest in learning is through the use of educational games. This study aims to analyze the role of educational games in improving elementary school students' interest in learning mathematics. The method employed is a literature review, collecting and analyzing related references. The findings suggest that the use of educational games can increase student motivation and learning outcomes by creating an enjoyable and interactive learning environment.

Connectivism is a learning theory that emphasizes the importance of networks and connections in the learning process, especially in the context of modern digital and technology. Learning is no longer limited to physical classrooms, but involves various sources of information spread through the internet network. In this digital era, tools and applications such as Canva are very relevant. Canva is a graphic design platform that allows users to create a variety of visual content easily and collaboratively. Through connectivism, applications such as Canva allow students to work together on design projects, share ideas, and access various visual resources from all over the world. By using Canva, students not only learn graphic design skills, but also develop the ability to collaborate effectively, access information quickly, and integrate knowledge from various disciplines. This reflects the principles of connectivism where learning occurs through dynamic interactions between learners and technology, creating a richer and more connected learning environment.

This report discusses the effectiveness of the Up Sonic tool in optimizing the combustion process of various types of materials. Up Sonic is an innovative technology designed to enhance combustion efficiency and reduce harmful gas emissions. The study examines the performance of this tool on different materials, including fossil fuels and biomass. The results indicate that the use of Up Sonic can accelerate the combustion process, improve energy efficiency, and reduce carbon emissions. Therefore, this tool has the potential to become a sustainable solution in the combustion and energy industry.

This research uses a qualitative research approach, namely by using interviews or direct interviews with community members, both oil palm farmers and non-oil palm farmers. This research  uses  qualitative  descriptive  methods,  especially  direct  field  research.  Village governments, oil palm farmers, entrepreneurs, traders and ordinary citizens are the data sources in this research. In addition, secondary data obtained from the village office was also used in this research. The findings of this research indicate that oil palm farming is very important for the economy of the people of Banyuasin Regency. Therefore, it is very important for oil palm farmers to contribute significantly to the empowerment of oil palm plantations in order to improve the quality of life of rural communities, because oil palm plantations are very important for the existence of these communities. The main concern of this research is the influence of palm oil production on the income of the people of Banyuasin Regency. Based on the findings of this research, palm oil production has a significant influence on people's income. Role indicators include the following: consistent employment and income for the community; improving children's educational lives improves; agricultural zakat expenditure; please help each  other; increasing individual participation  in the Umrah and Hajj; and intention to work which is exemplified by hard work, sincere work and smart work.

This research aims to find out how effective strategies are for accompanying teachers to encourage social interaction for children with special needs in regular classes. The aim of this research is also to increase the social interaction of children with special needs in regular classes and the involvement and social engagement of children with special needs in regular classrooms and to identify effective strategies used by supporting teachers. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, documentation and data processing according to the research focus. Data validity testing was carried out through technical triangulation. Technical data analysis is carried out interactively. The informants involved were teachers accompanying slow learner students. The research results show that the strategies for encouraging social interaction for slow learner students are: 1) strategies for creating an inclusive environment, 2) collaboration strategies with related parties, especially parents, 3) strategies for differentiated teaching techniques to meet the individual needs of children in the class.

Penelitian ini berisi tentang Analisis Kinerja Pendaptan Dalam Laporan Realisasi Anggaran Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2022-2023. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan kinerja keuangan pendapatan provinsi Jawa Barat yang cukup baik dari beberapa aspek seperti pertumbuhan pendapatan pada PAD dengan rata-rata 7,22%, rasio kemandirian dengan rata-rata 69,35%, rasio efektifitas dengan rata-rata 99,99%, dan rasio efisiensi dengan rata-rata 1,41%. Namun sedikit ada penurunan pada varians dikarenakan lebih kecilnya realisasi pendapatan daripada anggaran yang direncanakan.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hal apa saja yang dapat dibantu oleh koperasi multi pihak serta keunggulan dari adanya koperasi multi pihak. Metode yang digunakan menggunakan teknologi normatif yaitu menekankan pada data sekunder. Hasil yang diperoleh koperasi multi pihak dapat membantu para UMKM diberbagai aspek dan dapat bersaing di era teknologi saat ini. Koperasi multi pihak juga membantu untuk melakukan pelatihan kepada para UMKM, memberikan bantuan modal, serta membantu dalam pembangunan insfrastruktur usaha UMKM. Namun koperasi multi pihak juga mempunyai tantangan seperti kesulitan dalam mengambil keputusan dan menentukan hasil yang ingin dicapai. Di Indonesia sudah ada beberapa UMKM yang menggunakan koperasi multi pihak seperti eFishery dan juga petani kentang sudah merasakan pengaruh positif yang telah dibantu oleh koperasi multi pihak.