Case study research is one of the methodologies in qualitative research that seeks to investigate phenomena comprehensively in a real-world context. This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of case study research design, covering various aspects ranging from definitions and types to the steps involved in implementation. Various types of case studies are explained based on expert opinions, including intrinsic, instrumental, and collective case studies, along with classifications of explanatory, exploratory, descriptive, and others. Furthermore, the systematic phases involved in conducting case study research are detailed, including problem formulation, data collection and analysis, and reporting of results. Focus on the use of triangulation techniques and contextual approaches are essential to ensure the validity of findings. By gaining an in-depth understanding of this design, it is hoped that students and researchers will be able to design case studies appropriately and make significant scientific contributions.
                                                                                                                                       
 
 

The purpose of this research is to describe the development process of Student Worksheets based on cryptarithm that can enhance logical thinking abilities and to determine the validity and practicality results of the developed product. Cryptarithm is a means to develop students' logical thinking skills in the context of mathematics. The logical structure in cryptarithm encourages students to develop logical thinking skills. Students must be able to identify mathematical patterns and use logic to limit the possibility of substituting numbers for existing letters. This research is a development study using the R&D method. The development model used is ADDIE, which includes analyze, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The testing was conducted in two stages: a limited trial with 5 students and a broad-scale trial with 20 students. The research results indicate that the student worksheets is valid with a percentage score of 98.33% and can be considered practical for use by students as an effort to improve mathematical logical thinking abilities, with a practicality score of 87.13%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Cryptarithm-based student worksheets developed to enhance mathematical logical thinking abilities is categorized as Highly Valid and Highly Practical

Occupational Health and Safety (K3) is an effort to provide safety guarantees and improve the health status of workers/laborers by preventing work-related accidents and diseases, controlling  workplace hazards,  health  promotion, treatment and  rehabilitation. Occupational Health and Safety efforts include workforce, work methods/methods, work tools, work processes and work environment. In the PTM room at the West Baktiya Health Center, the space is quite narrow due to the large number of patients visiting, so there is untidiness in the room even though the AC and windows are used. However, having 2 tables in the room makes the room increasingly narrow and difficult to work comfortably. This research aims to find out an overview of the implementation of Occupational Safety and Health in the PTM room. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with a case study design. The subjects of this research were 3 officers in the PTM room. The object of this research is the implementation of K3 and PTM rooms at the West Baktiya Community Health Center. Data was collected by participant observation and semi-structured interviews with informants. The risk factors for the PTM room at the West Baktiya Health Center, seen from occupational safety and health factors, are that it is quite clean, no animals were found that cause disease transmission such as cockroaches, rats and others. There are no occupational safety and health signs and standard operational procedures related to occupational safety and health, while fire prevention in the PTM room at the West Baktiya Public Health Center and the West Baktiya Community Health Center itself is quite good with APAR. There needs to be signs regarding occupational safety and health and SOPs regarding occupational safety and health, especially in the PTM room.

The increasingly competitive competition in international market is a challenge for Indonesia. In the development and economic growth, Small and Medium Industries (SMEs) play an important role. This study was conducted to find the most relevant marketing strategy so that sales at CV. Delta Raya, Sidoarjo, can increase. Based on the results of observations, CV. Delta Rata is in quadrant 1, which indicates a favorable situation. For CV. Delta Rata, because it has the strength that can be utilized as an opportunity to increase sales results. With this study, it is expected that business actors will improve the quality and quantity of optimal services, expand the market, and maximize the development of information technology.
 

Quality human resources and effective managerial skills are crucial elements in driving employee performance, which ultimately determines the success of a business in achieving its goals. The main problems identified in this study are the presence of unwise leaders, bad habits in the organization, and lack of punctuality at work. Management must recognize and embrace human resources as the most important strategic component. This will ensure that goals are achieved on time and accordingly. The purpose of this study was to determine how the influence of employee performance, organizational culture and work discipline on employee performance. Quantitative method is a research method used to determine the relationship between variables through data collection that can be counted or measured numerically. Quantitative research focuses on measuring and analyzing numerical data, with the aim of describing phenomena, testing hypotheses, and making generalizations or conclusions that apply broadly. This study uses saturated sampling technique with a population of 21 people. The comparison of the significance value with the error rate determined at 0.05 is 0.017 <0.05. Based on this, it can be concluded that the alternative hypothesis (H4) in this study is accepted, while the null hypothesis (Ho4) is rejected.

Using a literature review approach, this research looks at how the public views the accountability and openness of the Medan City Government's budget. The foundation of this research is the idea that openness and responsibility are cornerstones of effective leadership that may boost confidence in government. Finding out how people feel about government transparency and accountability in handling regional budgets is the main goal of the research. An analysis of pertinent literature, documents, and prior research is carried out as part of the methodology, which is known as a literature review. According to the study's results, budget transparency is crucial for establishing public confidence and engagement since it shows how openly the government provides information and the accountability systems are operating. The study's findings highlight the need of holding governments more responsible and transparent in order to foster more responsive and accountable leadership and, by extension, to increase public engagement in tracking how regional funds are being used.

This study aims to analyze the causes of bottlenecks in lip balm production at PT Rumah Rumput Laut by using a survey approach and fishbone diagram analysis method. The research method used is a descriptive method with survey approach which was conducted at PT Rumah Rumput Laut, Bogor Regency, West Java. Data were collected through observations and interviews with related parties in the production process based on previously identified problems. A fishbone diagram was used to identify the factors causing bottlenecks, which were grouped into six main categories, namely: manpower, machine, method, material, measurement, and environment. The results of the fishbone diagram analysis show that bottlenecks in lip balm production are caused by the irregular flow of material transfer, long waiting time for the quality control process, and limited production capacity. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to improve the operator supervision system, implement a regular machine maintenance schedule, rearrange the production space layout, and use technology to monitor machine conditions in real time.

This study focuses on examining the impact of halal certification, product quality, and marketing strategy on the sales of Home Industry food products. A descriptive quantitative approach was adopted to analyze the relationship between variables. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 170 respondents who were food product business actors Home Industry in Sariwangi District, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province. The collected data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling method with a Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) approach. The results show that both halal certification and marketing strategy have a significant positive effect on sales of Home Industry food products. Meanwhile, product quality does not show a significant effect on sales. The study also indicates that halal certification has the strongest influence on sales compared to the other variables.

Inovasi dalam pendidikan sering dipengaruhi oleh bias kognitif yang muncul dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Bias ini mencerminkan kecenderungan berpikir irasional yang dapat menyebabkan pemilihan kebijakan yang tidak optimal serta menghambat adopsi perubahan yang lebih efektif. Artikel ini mengkaji empat jenis bias kognitif utama yaitu confirmation bias, status quo bias, overconfidence bias, dan anchoring bias yang sering terjadi dalam konteks inovasi pendidikan. Dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur, artikel ini menganalisis bagaimana bias-bias tersebut berdampak pada keputusan inovatif dan kontribusinya terhadap kegagalan atau keterlambatan implementasi inovasi yang seharusnya relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa bias ini dapat menyebabkan pengambilan keputusan yang tertutup terhadap masukan baru, mempertahankan pendekatan lama, dan mengabaikan data empiris. Untuk mengatasinya, peneliti menawarkan pendekatan seperti pelatihan kesadaran bias bagi pengambil keputusan, penggunaan evaluasi berbasis bukti, serta pelibatan perspektif yang beragam dalam proses keputusan. Dengan demikian, diperlukan upaya sistematis untuk mengurangi bias kognitif agar inovasi pendidikan berjalan lebih efektif, rasional, dan berkelanjutan.

The purpose of this study was to (1) analyze the ability of students of class VIII of SMPS Muhammadiyah 1 Medan in writing review texts without using the pair checks learning model, (2) analyze the ability to write review texts in class VIII of SMPS Muhammadiyah 1 Medan using the pair checks learning model, (3) determine the effect of the pair checks learning model on the ability to write review texts in class VIII students of SMPS Muhammadiyah 1 Medan. This study involved all class VIII students totaling 351 students, with a sample of 69 people divided into two classes: a control class of 35 students and an experimental class of 34 students. This study used the quasi-experimental type of experimental method and the Posttest-Only Control Design research design. Data analysis techniques used such as analysis requirements test, normality test, and hypothesis test. The results of the study showed that the average ability to write review texts without using the pair checks learning model got a score of 69 which is included in the sufficient category. For the average value of the ability to write review texts using the pair checks learning model got a score of 81 which is included in the good category. Based on the results of the t-test that has been carried out, the results obtained show that the ability to write review texts using the pair checks learning model has a significant impact, as evidenced by the t-test value > t-table (7.617 > 1.996), indicating the influence of the pair checks learning model on the ability to write review texts in class VIII students of SMPS Muhammadiyah 1 Medan.