The Dayak Kubin Tribe, which inhabits Nanga Raku Village, Sayan District, Melawi Regency, West Kalimantan Province, still utilizes mushrooms daily. However, this knowledge has not been documented until now. This research aims to provide information on the diversity of mushroom species and their utilization by the Dayak Kubin Tribe in Nanga Raku Village. This qualitative research was conducted in Nanga Raku Village in May 2022. The informants in this research amounted to 15 people obtained through the snowball sampling technique. The search for mushroom samples was carried out using the cruising method. The results showed that the Dayak Kubin Tribe in Nanga Raku Village utilizes 16 species of mushrooms. Mushroom species used as food sources are Agaricus sp., Auricularia auricula-judae, Auricularia delicata, Termitomyces sp., Lactocollybia sp., Marasmiellus candidus, Pleurotus cystidiosus, Lentinus sajor-caju, Panus sp., Psathyrella sp., Cookeina sulcipes, Cookeina tricholoma, and Schizophyllum commune. Mushroom species utilized as medicines are Microporus affinis and Microporus xanthopus. Hygrocybe sp. is the only mushroom species that is used as a food source and medicinal ingredient at the same time. The ethnomycological information presented in this research is an effort to preserve traditional knowledge by utilizing biodiversity in the surrounding environment.

Sunlight is the main source of energy for life, but ultraviolet radiation can have negative impacts on the skin, such as sunburn, pigmentation, wrinkles, premature aging, and the risk of skin damage due to excessive exposure. One way to protect the skin from these effects is to use sunscreen. Carrots contain antioxidant compounds that can bind free radicals and prevent cell damage due to oxidation, so they have the potential to be used as a natural ingredient in making sunscreen. This research aims to formulate and test the physical properties of carrot extract lotion as a sunscreen and determine the extract concentration that has the optimal Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value. The method used is experimental by making lotion formulations, testing their physical properties, and measuring the SPF value of each formulation. The research results showed that the KN, F1, F2, and F3 lotion formulations had a semi-solid form which met the formulation requirements. However, KN's SPF value is only 1.23 which does not meet sunscreen standards. Meanwhile, F1 has SPF 8.3 (extra effect category), F2 with SPF 15.06 and F3 with SPF 24.1 (ultra category). F3 shows the best results because with SPF 24.1, this formulation is close to SPF 25 which can protect the skin for up to 4 hours with twice daily use. The higher the concentration of carrot extract, the better its effectiveness in lotion formulation as a sunscreen.

The application of Islamic values ??in learning aqidah and akhlak at MTs Darunnajah aims to shape students' characters in accordance with Islamic teachings. This activity is carried out to improve the understanding and practice of Islamic values ??in students' daily lives. The method used is a participatory approach, involving teachers and students in designing and implementing learning programs. The activity begins with a survey and observation to determine the conditions and needs of teaching in schools. Furthermore, training materials are prepared and delivered to students to introduce Islamic values ??that can be applied in their lives. The results of this service show that most students begin to understand the importance of implementing Islamic values. Madrasahs need to continue this program in order to form better student characters and lead to the practice of Islamic teachings in everyday life.

Environmental health such as proper medical waste management in accordance with existing requirements. The purpose of this study was to determine the sources of infectious medical waste at RSUD Haji Makassar. The research method used is a qualitative method with a post-positivistic or enterprising approach and observation. The types of data used are primary and secondary data. The results of the study indicate that at the sorting and reduction stage it has been implemented but in the sorting section there are still errors in plastic bags not being labeled regarding the type of waste, at the storage stage there are still errors in temporary storage places that can be accessed by animals, at the transportation stage there are still some that are not in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number 56 of 2015 such as medical waste managers also do not use complete personal protective equipment and do not have a special route for waste transportation, at the processing stage it is not carried out because the incinerator in the hospital does not have an operational permit and at the stockpiling and burial stages it is also not carried out because medical waste management has been handed over to a third party. RSUD Haji Makassar pays more attention to all waste management processes that are not yet adequate and the management of incinerator use permits for better waste management.

Gender-Based Violence (GBV) remains a critical issue in Indonesia, with a significant increase in reported cases over the past five years. Despite the implementation of the Sexual Violence Crime Law (UU TPKS) as a progressive step toward victim protection, challenges persist in the law enforcement process, particularly in integrating gender perspectives into the criminal justice system. This study aims to analyze the role of gender perspectives in sentencing policies for GBV perpetrators in Indonesia and compare them with more progressive legal frameworks in other countries. Using a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods, the study examines national regulations, judicial decisions, and stakeholder interviews, including victims, law enforcement officers, and legal experts. The findings indicate that while the number of GBV cases reported has increased from 15,200 in 2018 to 35,200 in 2023, only 10% of reported cases resulted in convictions. This reflects systemic weaknesses, such as insufficient legal enforcement, limited gender-sensitive training among judicial actors, and societal stigma against victims. Additionally, comparative analysis with countries like Sweden and Canada suggests that more inclusive and restorative justice approaches can enhance victim protection and reduce recidivism rates. This study contributes to the discourse on criminal law reform by highlighting the need for stronger regulatory frameworks, improved law enforcement mechanisms, and technological innovations in reporting and case management. The findings provide policy recommendations for strengthening Indonesia’s GBV sentencing policies through a gender-sensitive and victim-oriented approach.

The oversight and enforcement of the advocate code of ethics in Indonesia continue to face various challenges, affecting the effectiveness of existing regulations. The number of ethical violations among advocates has increased significantly, rising from 120 cases in 2018 to 345 cases in 2023. The most common infractions include conflicts of interest, abuse of authority, and gratuities. One of the primary factors contributing to weak ethical enforcement is the current oversight system, which remains limited to advocate organizations without the involvement of an independent regulatory body. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of advocate oversight mechanisms in Indonesia, compare them with best practices in other jurisdictions, and identify measures to enhance accountability and transparency in the legal profession. The research employs a normative legal method with a comparative law approach and empirical studies. The analysis includes an examination of existing regulations, case reports on ethical violations, and interviews with key stakeholders, including advocates, clients, and legal analysts. The findings indicate that only 40% of reported violations result in strict sanctions, while only 10% of advocates found guilty of ethical breaches face license revocation. Additionally, a survey of 500 respondents reveals that only 35% of the public is aware of the procedures for filing complaints against unethical advocates, highlighting a lack of transparency in the oversight system. This study contributes to the discourse by recommending the establishment of an independent regulatory body to monitor advocate compliance with ethical standards and the enhanced utilization of digital technology in the oversight system. With more transparent and accountable regulatory reforms, ethical violations within the legal profession can be minimized, ultimately strengthening public trust in Indonesia’s legal system.

This study presents the results of a survey conducted to analyze the impact of packaging training on the home industry of Samiler crackers in Mojojajar Village. A questionnaire was distributed to 25 respondents, including both consumers and producers of Samiler crackers. The findings reveal that 100% of respondents have purchased Samiler crackers, with 50% indicating that packaging is very important in their purchasing decisions. Additionally, 83.3% of respondents are willing to pay more for better packaging, highlighting the awareness of the importance of packaging quality. While many respondents find the current packaging design attractive, there is a need for improved information provided on the packaging. Recommendations for further development include enhancing packaging design, increasing awareness of government support for SMEs, and providing ongoing training on packaging techniques. This initiative is expected to contribute to local economic development and improve the welfare of the Mojojajar community.

The use of renewable energy has become an essential solution to reduce dependence on limited fossil energy sources. Solar panels are an environmentally friendly alternative for generating electrical energy. This study develops a solar panel system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) to provide energy for electric water heaters. The system allows for the monitoring and control of energy usage through an IoT-based application, such as Telegram. The solar panels are connected to an ESP32-based controller system, which monitors sunlight intensity and battery charging status. The test results indicate that this system can provide sufficient energy for electric water heaters with optimal efficiency and reduce dependence on conventional energy sources. 

Sekolah adalah tempat berkumpulnya banyak siswa yang menghabiskan sebagian besar waktunya untuk belajar dan berinteraksi. Dalam konteks ini, kesehatan lingkungan sekolah menjadi salah satu prioritas utama yang harus dijaga. Penerapan hygiene dan sanitasi yang baik sangat penting untuk mencegah penularan penyakit dan menjaga kebersihan lingkungan belajar. Ketidakcukupan hygiene dan sanitasi dapat berdampak buruk pada kesehatan siswa, guru, dan anggota lainnya di sekolah. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini memiliki tujuan untuk memperkenalkan pengelolaan sanitasi dan hygiene kepada para siswa SMK Negeri 6 Semarang. Dengan diadakannya kegiatan tersebut, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, kesadaran, dan pengelolaan sanitasi dan hygine. Hasil dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah sosialisi dan pelatihan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman tentang sanitasi dan hygine siswa dalam konsentrasi keahlian kuliner di SMK Negeri 6 Semarang.

Technological developments in the agricultural sector, especially in the hydroponic method, provide solutions for optimizing plant growth in urban environments. This research integrates ESP32 microcontroller technology with a DS18B20 temperature sensor and TDS sensor to monitor and control temperature and nutrient quality in a hydroponic system. In addition, the Sugeno fuzzy logic method is used for automatic water quality monitoring.