The implementation of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) regulations in Indonesia is still in its developmental stage and faces several challenges in enforcement and compliance. Compared to developed countries, Indonesia's ESG framework lacks strong incentives and adequate regulatory oversight, leading to inconsistencies in corporate adherence. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of ESG regulations in Indonesia from a legal perspective and evaluate their impact on corporate compliance. A normative juridical approach was used, supplemented by case studies of companies that have implemented ESG principles. Data were collected through document analysis of regulatory frameworks, sustainability reports, and interviews with key stakeholders. The findings indicate that while the number of companies adopting ESG practices has increased significantly from 45 in 2018 to 675 in 2023, only 38% fully comply with ESG standards. Moreover, statistical analysis reveals a strong correlation (r = 0.78, p < 0.05) between regulatory strictness and corporate adherence. Weak enforcement mechanisms and the voluntary nature of ESG reporting remain major obstacles to effective implementation. The study also highlights that firms integrating ESG principles tend to attract more investment and demonstrate better financial stability. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on ESG regulation by emphasizing the need for policy reforms, including stricter enforcement, standardized reporting mechanisms, and economic incentives to enhance compliance. This research provides a foundation for future comparative studies on ESG regulation and suggests integrating technology-based monitoring tools such as blockchain and artificial intelligence to improve corporate accountability and sustainability practices.

The increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in decision-making processes has raised significant concerns regarding algorithmic bias and legal accountability. This study examines the regulatory challenges and enforcement gaps in addressing AI bias, with a particular focus on Indonesia’s legal landscape. Through a comparative analysis of AI governance frameworks in the European Union, the United States, China, and Indonesia, this research identifies key deficiencies in Indonesia’s regulatory approach. Unlike the EU’s AI Act, which incorporates risk-based classification and strict compliance measures, Indonesia lacks a dedicated AI legal framework, leading to limited enforcement mechanisms and unclear liability provisions.The findings highlight that transparency mandates alone are insufficient in mitigating algorithmic discrimination, as weak enforcement structures hinder effective regulatory oversight. Furthermore, the study challenges the notion that global AI regulatory harmonization is universally applicable, emphasizing the need for a context-sensitive hybrid model tailored to Indonesia’s socio-legal environment. The research suggests that Indonesia must adopt a comprehensive AI legal framework, strengthen regulatory institutions, and promote interdisciplinary collaboration between legal experts and AI developers. Future research should focus on empirical case studies, the development of context-specific AI accountability models, and the role of public engagement in AI bias mitigation. These efforts will be essential in shaping effective AI governance strategies that ensure fairness, transparency, and accountability in Indonesia’s digital transformation.

This research targets to determine: The affect of the bodily work environment and non-bodily work surroundings on paintings motivation. The data in this have a look at have been received From statistics From Forestry Police employees on the Environmental And Forestry carrier in the UPT place Of The Jeneberang woodland management Unit In Gowa district who were inclined to be respondents. This research uses a quantitative form of studies. The facts supply Used Is primary facts acquired thru dispensing Questionnaires at the Environmental And Forestry carrier within the UPT region Of The Jeneberang forest management Unit In Gowa District. using the Roscoe sampling approach with a pattern of 60 forestry police personnel. The facts analysis technique uses a couple of linear regression the usage of the SPSS 22 software. The outcomes of this research imply that the bodily work surroundings and non-physical paintings surroundings together have a advantageous have an impact on on paintings motivation. which means that that the higher the working surroundings is felt, the more paintings motivation of forestry police employees will boom.

This study analyzes the effect of Cost of Debt, Cost of Equity, and Profit on investment decisions in hospitality industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019-2023 period. By using purposive sampling method, this study involved 21 companies as samples, resulting in 105 observation data. Investment decision as the dependent variable is measured using Capital Expenditure (CapEx), while Cost of Debt, Cost of Equity, and profit as independent variables are calculated based on financial statement data. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the relationship between variables. The results showed that Cost of Debt, Cost of Equity, and Profit have a significant effect on investment decisions in the hospitality industry.

To deal with the environmental crisis, greening is an environmental conservation strategy. The concept of greening is needed because regional conditions are developing and the function of space is changing for development. Apart from playing an important role in preserving the environment, humans also have a responsibility to exploit environmental wealth for the ecosystem's survival. The Participatory Action Research (PAR) method builds community commitment to reforestation efforts to preserve the environment. The result is that the climate becomes fresher, healthier, and cooler, nature becomes maintained and clean, and people learn more about greening through planting tree seedlings. Reviving natural aesthetics, using trees as air fresheners, and reducing flooding are the goals of this service initiative.

In this sophisticated era, the use of mobile phones among teenagers has increased rapidly both for learning and daily needs. Excessive use of mobile phones will have an impact on the lifestyle of teenagers because of playing online games. Therefore, this study aims to determine the impact of online games among teenagers in the perspective of Islam, especially referring to the views of the hadith. The population in this study were teenagers aged 15-17 years who played the online game mobile legend around 4-7 hours or more per day and teenagers who were addicted to the online game mobile legend numbered 5 respondents. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach by means of observation and interviews and documentation. The results of the analysis of interviews and observations show that the influence of the online game mobile legend greatly affects the development and growth of teenagers because online games affect the health, psychology, academics, social, and free time that teenagers have is wasted which is detrimental to themselves. Islam does not forbid its people to have fun, but it must remain within the limits and corridors that are determined. The games played should be in accordance with their portion, aka not excessive. Don't let entertainment take up all your time, disrupt your health, hinder other activities, take up study and work time and don't let it distract someone from their main duties, especially in worship, and don't let it make people forget about more important games, such as physical exercise to improve your health or do better activities than being addicted to playing online games. Games also shouldn't make people fall into addiction.
 

This study explores the effectiveness of digital mediation in resolving civil disputes within Indonesia’s judiciary system, particularly in the era of rapid technological advancement. The growing backlog of cases and the high costs of litigation have emphasized the need for more efficient and accessible dispute resolution methods. Digital mediation emerges as a promising alternative, leveraging technology to bridge geographical barriers and reduce procedural delays. The study aims to analyze the factors influencing the success of digital mediation and identify challenges that hinder its implementation. Using a qualitative approach, this research collected primary data through in-depth interviews with mediators, disputing parties, and judicial policymakers. Secondary data were gathered from official court reports and relevant literature. The analysis involved thematic coding and interpretation of data to uncover patterns and insights. Case studies from urban, semi-urban, and rural courts provided a comprehensive understanding of the varying success rates of digital mediation. The findings reveal that mediator training in technology significantly enhances the success rate of digital mediation, particularly in urban areas with better digital infrastructure. However, rural areas face challenges such as limited internet access and low digital literacy, which impede the effectiveness of the mediation process. The study also highlights the importance of integrating judicial systems with digital mediation platforms and revising regulatory frameworks to ensure consistent implementation. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of digital mediation and offers practical implications for policymakers. It underscores the need for targeted training programs for mediators and investments in digital infrastructure to promote equitable access. The findings provide a roadmap for improving digital mediation practices and suggest further exploration of user experiences and longitudinal impacts. By addressing existing challenges, digital mediation can become a cornerstone of Indonesia’s civil dispute resolution in the digital age.

This study discusses how bingo games can increase students' self-confidence at the primary school level. Bingo was chosen due to its interactive and fun nature, which is expected to create a learning environment that supports the development of students' self-confidence. This study aims to evaluate the effect of using bingo games on students' courage to actively participate in class. The approach used is a literature study, by reviewing various sources such as journal articles, books, previous research, and other relevant documents published in the last five years. The analysis process was carried out through the stages of collecting literature sources, categorizing data, synthesizing information, and drawing conclusions. The results of the literature review show that the implementation of bingo games in learning has significant potential in increasing students' confidence, which is reflected in the increased courage to speak in front of the class, actively answer questions, and interact with peers. This study concludes that bingo games can be an effective alternative learning method to develop elementary school students' self-confidence.

The digital era has significantly increased the complexity of cross-border crimes, particularly cybercrime, which poses substantial challenges for countries, including Indonesia. With a reported rise in cross-border cybercrime incidents of over 50% in the last five years, Indonesia faces critical legal and technical hurdles in combating such threats. This study explores the rights and obligations of states in addressing cross-border cybercrime, focusing on comparing Indonesia's legal framework with international standards, specifically the Budapest Convention. Employing a normative analytical method, this research examines international and national legal documents to identify gaps and evaluate the alignment of Indonesia's cybercrime regulations with global standards. Key findings reveal that Indonesia's cybercrime policies lack mandatory international cooperation mechanisms and are limited to national jurisdiction, which restricts the country’s ability to effectively address cybercrimes involving foreign perpetrators. In contrast, the Budapest Convention emphasizes structured international collaboration, robust privacy protections, and flexible jurisdictional arrangements, providing a comprehensive framework for managing transnational cyber threats. The study concludes that harmonizing Indonesia’s regulations with international standards, such as the Budapest Convention, is essential for improving the nation's capacity to combat cross-border cybercrime. Recommendations include enhancing legal frameworks to mandate international cooperation, establishing specialized units within law enforcement agencies equipped with advanced digital forensic tools, and strengthening privacy protections to align with global norms. This research contributes to the discourse on international cybercrime management by offering practical strategies to bridge regulatory gaps and bolster Indonesia’s position in global cybersecurity collaborations. The findings underscore the urgency for policy reform to address the evolving challenges of digital threats in an interconnected world.

The death penalty remains one of the most contentious policies in addressing narcotics crimes in Indonesia. While implemented as a stringent measure to combat drug trafficking, the policy often sparks debates regarding its effectiveness and implications for human rights. This study aims to analyze public perceptions of the death penalty policy for narcotics-related offenses, focusing on how demographic factors such as age, education, and residence influence public support. Using a quantitative approach, this research employed a nationwide survey involving 1,500 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. Data collection combined online and offline methods to ensure broad representation. The findings reveal significant demographic variations in support for the death penalty. Younger and middle-aged respondents (25–40 years old) showed the highest levels of support (70%), particularly in urban areas (70%) compared to rural areas (55%). Educational attainment also influenced perspectives, with higher education levels correlating with increased support for the policy. The study concludes that public perceptions of the death penalty are shaped significantly by demographic and socio-cultural factors. These findings underscore the need for targeted communication strategies to address varying public concerns, particularly in rural areas where access to information may be limited. The research contributes to policy discussions by providing empirical insights into public opinion on this controversial issue. It recommends integrating public education campaigns and alternative rehabilitative measures to enhance public understanding and acceptance of narcotics policies. By grounding policy development in evidence-based research, this study aims to support more equitable and effective approaches to addressing drug-related crimes in Indonesia