To become a leader, a person must study and train themselves to have the character, abilities or qualities that a leader should have. Students in general are also administrators of intra-school organizations (OSIS) who are one of the seeds of future leaders and have an obligation to drive behavioral changes in their respective schools so that they become better. As a form of concern in building a leadership model that has integrity, Akbara Surakarta Polytechnic conducts leadership training and coaching for OSIS administrators and students at SMK Empat Lima. The methods used in this training are lecture activities, question and answer sessions, case study discussions, by explaining the basic concepts of visionary leadership, participatory leadership styles, leadership in organizational change and how to make decisions correctly, prepare accountability reports for activities. After this training, it is hoped that OSIS administrators and students will have and demonstrate leadership behavior skills that are ready to face challenges and can inspire students in their respective school and community environments.

Planning effective English reading lessons is a complex task for teachers because of challenges such as variations in student ability levels, limited resources, and time constraints. This research aims to identify the main challenges teachers face in planning reading lessons, including improving students' reading comprehension, adjusting the level of support to students' abilities, and implementing reading strategies.  The research method used is qualitative, with data collection through semi-structured interviews with teachers from various levels of education. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify main patterns and themes.  The research results show that teachers face challenges in managing the diversity of students' reading abilities, selecting reading materials that are interesting and culturally relevant, and integrating technology into learning. Additionally, appropriate assessments for English Language Learners (ELL) students and the need to provide emotional support to students are also challenges. Limited professional training and resources contribute to this situation.  This research also concludes that successful learning to read English requires a multifaceted approach that includes learning adjustments, teacher training, collaboration, and access to a variety of reading materials. By providing adequate support for teachers, these obstacles can be overcome, so that reading learning becomes more effective and inclusive.

The integration of digital technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and big data analytics into financial risk management has substantially altered operational dynamics within various industries. This paper explores the dual-edged impact of these technologies, emphasizing both the opportunities they create and the challenges they present. Opportunities discussed include enhanced decision-making through advanced data processing, increased transactional transparency and security via blockchain, and improved operational efficiencies through automation. Conversely, the challenges encompass heightened cybersecurity risks, evolving regulatory compliance demands, costly technological integrations, and the emerging skill gaps in managing these digital tools. The paper further investigates the implications of these transformations for different sectors including banking, SMEs, and the construction industry. Each sector faces unique challenges and benefits from the adoption of these technologies. Future trends suggest a continued evolution influenced by technological innovation and regulatory changes. The paper underscores the necessity for ongoing research and adaptive strategies to fully leverage digital advancements in managing financial risks. By understanding these dynamics, financial institutions can better navigate the complexities of the digital age, ensuring robust risk management and a competitive edge in the global market.

Chicken manure, produced by both broiler and laying hens, has a large capacity as an organic fertilizer. Its composition varies, depending on several factors, such as the ration given, the physiological nature of the chicken, and the condition of the cage, involving temperature and humidity. As a source of organic material, chicken manure has an important effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil and plant growth. This manure is rich in nutrients and organic matter, with a relatively low water content. Chicken manure is a product produced by chickens as part of their digestive process, which also includes urine and other food waste. This manure plays an important role as a fertilizer, because it is rich in elements that support soil fertility, replacing nutrients that have been absorbed by plants. Manure, which comes from the manure of livestock such as chickens, horses, goats, sheep, and cows, has various benefits. In addition to adding nutrients to plants, manure also improves soil structure, increases humus and organic matter in the soil, and supports the growth of microorganisms in it.

Advancements in information technology have provided opportunities for village governments to enhance the quality of community services, particularly in managing complaints.. This research discusses a website-based community complaint information system implemented in Pagarbatu Village, Saronggi Sub-district, Sumenep District. The system is designed to replace the conventional method of utilizing a physical complaint box, which is considered less effective in handling community reports. Using the waterfall system development model, this research produced a web-based platform that allows people to submit complaints quickly and easily. The system also provides features for village officials to manage reports in a structured and transparent manner. The results show that the implementation of a web-based complaint information system can improve the efficiency and accountability of public services.

This study discusses the Optimization of the Use of Islamic Religious Education Laboratories in the Practice of Student Worship at State Junior High Schools in Pangkajene District, Pangkep Regency. The main problem is how the Islamic Religious Education Laboratory can be optimized as a facility and infrastructure that supports the development and progress of Islamic Religious Education. The author uses a research approach with qualitative methods in data collection, as well as testing and analyzing data qualitatively. The research paradigm is constructivism; data sources are Principals, PAI Teachers, Students (primary data) and documents related to the management of the PAI Laboratory (secondary data); The research instrument is the researcher himself and is assisted through data collection tools, namely observation guidesheets, interview guidelines and document study guidelines; Data collection techniques are participation observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation; and testing the validity of the research results applying source triangulation and triangulation techniques. The research was carried out in four State Junior High Schools in Pangkajene District, Pangkep Regency. The results of the study showed that 1) The condition of PAI laboratories in the schools studied varied in terms of availability and quality of facilities. All schools have PAI laboratories, but there are gaps in infrastructure and equipment due to differences in budget allocation. 2) Laboratory use of PAI showed variation in intensity and effectiveness. Some schools have integrated the use of laboratories into the curriculum, while others still face challenges in optimization. 3) The practice of students' worship varies in the level of consistency and understanding. The majority of students have awareness of the importance of worship, but the level of practice varies. 4) Factors that affect the use of PAI laboratories include the availability of infrastructure, teacher competence, budget allocation, school management, student motivation, and education policies. This study recommends increasing budgets, developing teacher competencies, integrating curriculum, collaboration between schools, utilizing technology, and periodic evaluations to optimize the use of PAI laboratories and improve students' practice of worship.

This research aims to analyze how project based learning (PjBL) is implemented and its impact in forming 21st century skills, especially in Islamic Religious Education with a contextual approach. This research is library research where the author collects, identifies, analyzes and interprets journals and books that are relevant to the writing topic. Data was analyzed using three stages, namely data condensation, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of this paper show that learning in the 21st century has an important role not only in developing cognitive abilities, but also in developing 4C skills. The aim is for students not only to master the knowledge aspect, but also to have competence in the attitude and skill aspects, so that they are ready to compete in the development era of the 21st century. Overall, PjBL not only helps students understand the material in depth but also trains 21st century skills, namely critical thinking, communication, collaboration and creativity. Apart from that, the integration of PjBL with a contextual approach makes learning Islamic Religious Education more meaningful, because students can relate the lesson material to Islamic religious values that are applied in everyday life.

The diversity in Indonesia necessitates educators to create an environment accommodating this diversity in schools. This goal aligns with making education a means for "learning to live together," which is essential in 21st-century education. This paper employs a qualitative approach and is located at SMP Tunas Global. This study examines students' social behaviour and the process of strengthening social behaviour in diversity-based and inclusive schools. The research is conducted at SMP Tunas Global, a school known for its diversity and inclusion. Data sources include interviews with six students with special needs and typical students fromgrades 7, 8, and 9, observation notes during learning and additional activities, and student enrolment documents. Field study results indicate a tendency for role and expressive behaviours among students within the inclusive environment. However, social relationships between students with special needs and typical students do not naturally form. The limitation of parental consent for some students' condition information hampers the implementation of certain personalized programs.

This study discusses the urgency of green marketing strategies and practices due to changes in consumer behavior trends. Currently, environmental sustainability issues are a major concern for society, not interacting in their product and service consumption activities. This study was conducted using a qualitative method, namely a literature review. Of the 15 article titles described, most of them show that the implementation of environmentally friendly marketing strategies brings positive benefits to businesses. Specifically, what is studied in this study is its influence on environmentally friendly purchasing decisions, customer loyalty and brand image enhancement. These findings can be practical recommendations for business actors and marketing practitioners to develop various environmentally friendly product and service innovations and carry out innovative green marketing practices in the future. So that they are able to gain benefits in the form of increased sales, customer loyalty and positive brand image as well as contributions to environmental sustainability or desires.

Background: Elementary school students have limited knowledge about healthy food, and the benefits of choosing healthy snacks. They do not understand the nutritional value of various types of food or the impact of consuming unhealthy snacks on their health. Students are often exposed to unhealthy snacks around them, such as fast food, snacks and sodas, and other less nutritious snacks.  Objective: This study aims to encourage changes in students' knowledge and consumption attitudes, namely replacing unhealthy snacks with healthy snacks that are beneficial to their health. Method: This study uses a pre-experimental method, with a One Group Pre Post Test design to measure students' initial abilities before and after participating in learning activities. The population of this study was all students of SDN 38 Bora, Palopo City in 2024, totaling 151 students. The sampling method used was the Cluster Random Sampling Technique as a sampling technique, because the population was quite large, and this sampling technique is often used in various studies in the health sector, 21 respondents were obtained. Results: The study showed that the average knowledge before and after was 5.90 while the average attitude before and after was 27.76, the knowledge value p value = 0.000 ? 0.05 then H0 was rejected using a 95% confidence level. While the attitude value p value = 0.001 <0.05. Conclusion: there is an influence of the use of Video Learning Media on knowledge and attitudes about healthy snacks for students of SDN 38 Bora, Palopo City.