This literature review examines the increase in antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacterium that frequently causes infections in humans and animals. Although most E. coli strains are harmless, some pathogenic strains have shown resistance to various antibiotics, posing a significant challenge in the healthcare field. This study highlights the various resistance mechanisms found in E. coli, including the production of ?-lactamase enzymes that can inactivate antibiotics, modification of antibiotic targets, changes in membrane permeability, and increased activity of efflux pumps that expel antibiotics from bacterial cells. Additionally, this review discusses factors contributing to the spread of resistance, such as the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics in medicine and livestock, and the transfer of resistance genes through mobile genetic elements. The literature highlights recent research efforts to address this issue, including the development of new antibiotics, the use of antibiotic combinations, and alternative therapies such as bacteriophages and specific enzyme inhibitors. This review emphasizes the importance of strict surveillance and prudent antibiotic use policies to prevent the further spread of antibiotic resistance in E. coli, ensuring the effectiveness of bacterial infection treatments in the future.

Palm oil is an industrial/agricultural crop that is processed into vegetable oil, industrial oil and fuel raw materials. In developing oil palm farming, the problem faced by entrepreneurs and farmers involved is the procurement of planting materials. Of the oil palm business activities, especially in planting and watering plants, many still use manual seeding methods. Starting from oil palm nurseries with manual irrigation. This means that irrigation is carried out in the morning and evening via a hose connection. Day, for watering the seeds and lighting the planted seeds, direct sunlight and oil light intensity are still used. Temperature is the degree of hot or cold measured on a certain scale and can be measured with a thermometer. Temperature is usually expressed in degrees Celsius (°C). Internet of Things (IoT) is the concept that certain objects can send and receive data via a WiFi network, so that this process does not require human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. The DHT 22 sensor is a digital sensor that can measure temperature from -40°C to 125°C and humidity from 0% to 100% of the surrounding air. This sensor is very easy to use in conjunction with Arduino. It has a high level of stability and very accurate calibration features. The temperature and humidity sensor used in making this tool is DHT22.
 
 
 

The shift from a high school environment to a college environment brings greater demands. This condition can cause the emergence of the culture shock phenomenon. This phenomenon underscores the importance of students having the ability to adapt to all demands that arise during lectures. Lecture adaptation refers to student interaction with the lecture environment. Considering the fact that lecture adaptation is complex, the forms of lecture adaptation are divided into 4 including academic adaptation, social adaptation, emotional adaptation, and adaptation to the institution. The purpose of this study is to find out more deeply about the adaptation carried out by students who experience culture shock in lectures. This research uses a qualitative method, to find out more about the adaptation carried out by students. The results of the study found that 1 in 4 students had not reached the adjusment stage, due to the complexity of adaptation to lectures. The three students who succeeded in adapting were none other than their efforts by being open to change, learning to develop themselves, and social support from dominant friends to help students adapt.

SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis has become a common strategy in business development, especially in the culinary industry. Warung Makan Fun Balunijuk Village is one of the businesses in the culinary sector that uses SWOT analysis to develop its business strategy. As part of this research, a SWOT analysis was carried out to determine the position of Warung Makan Fun Balunijuk Village in the culinary industry and identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to its business. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, Warung Makan Fun can continue to develop, but it requires a combination of SWOT analysis, such as implementing SO strategies, one example of which is holding local events by utilizing lots of seating; WO strategy, one example of which is improving financial management by using local events as a promotional tool; ST's strategy, one of which is maintaining affordable prices and fresh ingredients to face competition; and WT strategies, such as increasing menu innovation to remain competitive amidst competition, and so on.

Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) memainkan peran penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia, terutama dalam konteks bisnis. Karena itu, sangat penting bagi UMKM untuk memahami kinerja keuangannya. Analisis laporan keuangan adalah dasar untuk mengevaluasi kinerja keuangan suatu perusahaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai kinerja keuangan suatu perusahaan yang dilihat dari laporan keuangannya. Laporan keuangan memberikan informasi tentang kondisi keuangan perusahaan untuk tujuan internal dan eksternal.

The study aims to analyze the influence of business communication and social media on the growth of Warkop Seulawah Kupi in Medan City. The number of customers and popularity of Warkop Seulawah has increased in recent years. It is suspected that the main factor in this development is the effective use of social media and good business communication with suppliers, distributors and other business partners. The method used is quantitative using multiple linear regression analysis techniques . The research results show that the two independent variables of business communication and social media have a positive and significant influence on the business development of Warkop Seulawah. The results provide traditional businesses with an understanding of how important it is to utilize social media and business communications to face competition in the digital era.
 
 
 

Learning organisation strategies or Learning Strategies refer to the ways used by educators or instructors to organise and structure the learning process to be effective and efficient. Where there are 3 indicators, namely modification of time allocation, modification of content or material and modification of the teaching-learning process. Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 40 Jakarta opens a pathway for students with special needs or often called people with disabilities. This study aims to describe the modification of time allocation for children with special needs (ABK) in the Merdeka Curriculum of SMPN 40 Jakarta. The type of research used in this study is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. Social Studies Learning Strategy for children with special needs is included in the good categorisation with a percentage of data accumulation results of 68%. This means that the modification of time allocation for children with disabilities at SMPN 40 Jakarta has been done well.

This research examines the management of facilities and infrastructure at the Madrasah Aliyah Laboratory of UIN North Sumatra (UIN SU) using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The aim of the research is to identify the main obstacles in facility management and provide strategic recommendations for improvement. Through a quantitative survey, it was found that there were significant differences in perceptions between teachers and students regarding the condition of school facilities, with teachers tending to be more critical. Further analysis shows that planned and routine maintenance plays an important role in preventing further damage and reducing long-term repair costs. In addition, the level of student satisfaction with facilities and infrastructure varies by grade level, with students in higher grades showing lower levels of satisfaction. A qualitative approach through in-depth interviews revealed that budget constraints were the main obstacle in facility management. Based on these findings, several strategic recommendations were proposed, including increasing budgets and resources through collaboration with external parties, implementing continuous training programs for teachers and staff, improving communication with parents, and implementing information technology in facility management. It is hoped that the implementation of these recommendations can improve the quality of management of facilities and infrastructure, which will ultimately have a positive impact on the quality of education in this madrasa. This research makes an important contribution to the education management literature, especially in the context of madrasas in Indonesia, and becomes a reference for future research and practice.

This study aims to see and describe male students' perceptions of dance learning at SMP Negeri 5 Padang. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research. This research instrument is the researcher himself and is assisted by supporting instruments in the form of Likert scores. Data collection techniques are questionnaires, observations, interviews and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The results of this study show that male students' perception of dance learning is categorized as low because male students think that dancing is only for female students because according to them dance movements are only vigorous movements. Male students' perception of dance learning at SMP Negeri 5 Padang based on interest indicators is categorized as low with a percentage of 59.33%, attention indicators are categorized as low with a percentage of 59.00%, mood indicators are categorized as low with a percentage of 57.33%, physiological indicators are categorized as low with a percentage of 58.07%, need indicators are categorized low with a percentage of 56.00%, stimulus indicators are categorized low with a percentage of 66.13%,  and environmental indicators are categorized as low with a percentage of 62.67%. For overall, male students' perception of dance learning at SMP Negeri 5 Padang is categorized as low with a total percentage of 59.02%.

Business Innovation and Digital Marketing Literacy is important knowledge to improve business development and how to utilize digital marketing among society now and in the future. Good literacy knowledge of business innovation and digital marketing makes people who want to or have even entered the business world able to plan, manage and develop their business. Entrepreneurship is one way that can be done by various groups of people to gain social status in society, improve the community's economy and for investment in the future. The aim of this service is to improve the mindset of good, organized, innovative business development and more contemporary marketing, especially for MSMEs in the Cilacap Regency area. As a result of this activity, it is hoped that the public will gain knowledge regarding how to innovate business development and attractive digital marketing.