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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires long-term pharmacological therapy, increasing the risk of Drug Related Problems (DRPs). DRPs can affect the success of therapy, increase the risk of complications, and reduce the patient's quality of life. This article aims to identify the use of antidiabetic drugs, the characteristics of DRPs, and their clinical implications. The method used was a literature review of articles from 2016-2026 that are relevant to the analysis of DRPs in diabetes mellitus patients. The results of the study indicate that metformin is the most widely used antidiabetic drug, both as a single therapy and in combination. The dominant types of DRPs include drug interactions, inappropriate drug selection, inappropriate dosages, omissions from therapy, and use of drugs without indications. These DRPs can cause hypoglycemia, failure to achieve glycemic control targets, an increased risk of complications, and increased duration and cost of treatment. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that DRPs remain a challenge in the management of diabetes mellitus therapy, requiring more optimal monitoring and an active role of pharmacists through medication review to improve the safety, effectiveness, and quality of treatment.

This quantitative study examines the impact of transactional leadership and reward systems on employees' extrinsic motivation at PT Konigs Multi Teknik, addressing earlier observations of low staff motivation. Utilizing a saturated sampling technique, the research involved the entire company population of 31 employees. Data collected through five-point Likert-scale questionnaires were analyzed via multiple linear regression using SPSS version 27, successfully satisfying all required classical assumption tests The partial test (t-test) results revealed that both transactional leadership and rewards exert a positive and significant influence on extrinsic motivation, with rewards standing out as the more dominant factor. Furthermore, the simultaneous test (F-test) confirmed that both variables jointly and significantly drive employee motivation, accounting for exactly 80.9 percent of its variance according to the adjusted R-square value. Ultimately, these findings suggest that companies must strategically combine consistent transactional leadership practices with a fair, transparent reward system to effectively boost overall motivation.

The role of guidance and counseling teachers in student career planning in vocational schools is still weak. The purpose of the study was to analyze the implementation of the BK service program in career planning for vocational school students. The study used a qualitative descriptive method. The study was conducted at SMK Muhammadiyah Paguyangan with research subjects being BK teachers, vice principals for curriculum, and vocational school students. Data collection through observation, interviews, and document studies. Data validation applied triangulation of sources and methods. Data analysis used the Atlas ti.8 application. Research stages; determining topics, compiling interview guidelines, selecting data collection methods, collecting data, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Research results; (1) the role of BK teachers in identifying students' potential, interests, talents, providing guidance in choosing education or careers, as motivators, facilitators, mediators, directors, program managers, and informants, (2) BK teacher strategies in student career planning; providing basic services to recognize self-potential, motivating, encouraging the use of technology, and digital platforms, and (3) implementation of BK programs through an integrated process, including; program planning, resource provision, implementation of evaluation services, feedback, and continuous improvement. Program innovation and monitoring are integral parts to maintain the relevance and effectiveness of BK services. The success of BK program implementation depends on the quality of coordination and commitment of all parties in developing the program.

Advancements in information technology encourage MSMEs to utilize information systems to enhance the effectiveness of their business management. Es Teh Arjuna, an MSME in Tegal City, faces challenges in monitoring partner sales and managing revenue because transactions are recorded manually using disparate methods; this results in slow data recapitulation, a risk of recording errors, and difficulty for the business owner in quickly accessing sales information. This study aims to analyze requirements, design, develop, and test a web-based information system for partner sales and revenue that provides information in  real-time. The Waterfall model was used for system development, while data collection involved observation, interviews, and a literature review. The system was developed using PHP and MySQL and tested via Black Box Testing. The results demonstrate that the system successfully integrates sales data from all outlets into a centralized database, streamlining the management of products, outlets, employees, cashiers, and sales transactions, as well as facilitating the generation of revenue reports for specific periods. Furthermore, the system enables the business owner to monitor sales performance more quickly, accurately, and systematically, thereby supporting decision-making and improving the operational efficiency of Es Teh Arjuna.

Employee performance is a critical element in organizational success, particularly in labor-intensive industries such as garment manufacturing. This study aims to analyze the effect of work stress (X1) and work environment (X2) on employee performance (Y) in garment industry companies in Semarang Regency. A quantitative descriptive approach with multiple linear regression analysis was employed. The population and sample comprised 96 employees using total sampling. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire (1–5) with 10 items per variable. All classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity) were satisfied. Reliability tests yielded Cronbach's Alpha of 0.866 (work stress), 0.941 (work environment), and 0.937 (employee performance), confirming instrument reliability. Results indicate: (1) work stress has no significant partial effect on employee performance (t = 1.581; sig. = 0.117); (2) work environment has a significant positive partial effect on employee performance (t = 9.618; sig. = 0.000); (3) simultaneously, both variables significantly affect employee performance (F = 56.630; sig. = 0.000) with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 54.9%. These findings confirm that optimizing the work environment both physical and non-physical is the primary strategic priority for enhancing employee performance in the garment industry.

concern for pet owners. Consequently, cat owners seek equipment that can support and simplify their daily pet care activities. However, the busy schedules of many cat owners often make it difficult for them to provide consistent care, raising concerns about the neglect of their pets. To address this issue, this study developed an automatic cat feeding system for a cat enclosure using an experimental research method. The proposed system utilizes a load cell sensor, a Real-Time Clock (RTC), a servo motor, and an ATmega16 microcontroller. The load cell sensor is employed to determine the appropriate food portion based on the cat's nutritional requirements, while the RTC controls the feeding schedule by dispensing food twice a day at predetermined times. The experimental results demonstrate that the system was successfully implemented, with the load cell measurement exhibiting an error rate of 10.71% relative to the predefined set point. Furthermore, the servo motor effectively controlled the valve mechanism, achieving a maximum opening angle of 85 degrees. Overall, the developed system performed reliably and met the expected operational objectives..

Good study habits are an important factor in achieving success in elementary school learning. However, based on observations in class 3 of SDN 1 Bugel, it was found that students still show less disciplined behavior during the learning process, especially during group activities, such as talking without permission, not paying attention, and not following classroom rules. This study aims to improve students' study discipline in grade 3 of SDN 1 Bugel by using the Star Rewards system within the cooperative learning model called Numbered Heads Together (NHT). This study uses the Classroom Action Research (PTK) approach with a two-cycle design following the Kemmis and McTaggart model. The research subject is 17 third-grade students from SDN 1 Bugel. Data collection was done through observation, questionnaires, documentation, field notes, and interviews. Data analysis was done using both quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques. The research results show that using the Star Rewards system in cooperative learning type NHT has significantly improved students' discipline in studying. The average score on the discipline questionnaire increased from 69.5 in cycle I to 85.5 in cycle II, showing an increase of 16.03 points. The minimum score for students has gone up from 50 to 75, showing that all students have improved in terms of discipline. Giving positive reinforcement through stars has been proven to motivate students to be more disciplined, focused, and responsible during learning. This finding suggests that combining the NHT model with the Star Rewards system can be an effective strategy for helping build discipline in elementary school students.

This review explores the integration of artificial intelligence in higher education, focusing on its impact on teaching and learning, barriers to adoption, and strategies for sustainable implementation. A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature published from 2023 to 2026 was conducted, emphasizing student and educator perspectives. The findings show that AI improves learning efficiency, supports personalized learning, and enhances academic writing, while also introducing concerns related to academic integrity, algorithmic bias, AI colonialism, and limited formal training. The review suggests that successful adoption depends on institutional support, AI literacy, ethical policy frameworks, and cross-disciplinary professional development. Generative AI should serve as an enhancer rather than a replacement in human-centered education.

This study addressed the lack of visual communication media within PT Mensa BinaSukses, which resulted in a lack of togetherness. The visual media at the previous event failed to effectively convey the main message to the employees. To solve this problem, the researchers redesigned the visual communication tools, specifically banners and digital posters, using a User-Centered Design approach. The redesign process applied visual communication principles, focusing on color psychology, typography, and structured layouts to enhance message readability. The evaluation revealed a significant increase in the level of employee attendance. The survey results indicated that the redesigned visual media successfully captured employee attention, clarified event information, and fostered a strong sense of togetherness and collaboration with the company.

The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has opened up considerable possibilities for automation systems aimed at enhancing energy efficiency in both home and office settings. This study focuses on the creation and deployment of an IoT-driven Smart Home system utilizing ESP32 for the automatic and manual supervision and regulation of electrical appliances within the Employee Dormitory of the Institute for Lecturer Performance Development (LPKD). The established system employs a Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor for detecting human presence and a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor to assess the intensity of light in the room. The data from these sensors is analyzed by the ESP32 microcontroller, which controls lights and fans automatically through relay modules based on the surrounding conditions. Furthermore, the system is linked to the Blynk application and the Telegram Bot API to enable remote operation and immediate notifications. The methodological approach taken in this research is Research and Development (R&D) employing a prototyping method. The assessment outcomes show that the system functions reliably, with success rates for sensor detection and appliance management exceeding 95%. The introduction of this system aims to boost electrical energy efficiency, improve user experience, and facilitate the adoption of IoT-centered smart facility management within the LPKD framework.

This study aims to analyze the effect of career development and organizational culture on employee productivity through job satisfaction at the Office of Community and Village Empowerment (DPMD) in East Kutai Regency. The research employs a quantitative explanatory approach using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS software. Total sampling was applied, involving all 90 employees of the office as respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires with Likert scale measurements. The results demonstrate that career development has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction (coefficient = 0.295, T = 2.532, p = 0.011), and organizational culture has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction (coefficient = 0.441, T = 4.071, p = 0.000). However, career development, organizational culture, and job satisfaction do not have a significant direct effect on employee productivity (H3 through H7 rejected). The coefficient of determination for job satisfaction is 43.1%, indicating that both independent variables explain 43.1% of job satisfaction variance. These findings suggest that although career development and organizational culture successfully improve job satisfaction, mechanisms beyond satisfaction are needed to translate that satisfaction into measurable productivity at DPMD.

The Society 5.0 era demands increased student health literacy as an essential competency. However, previous research has tended to focus only on the health education aspect and has not comprehensively examined the integration of technology-based health education management. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of technology-based health education management innovations and identify key factors influencing their successful implementation. This study used a mixed methods approach with a sequential explanatory design. Quantitative data were collected through a survey of 200 students, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 10 teachers and the principal. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic approach to strengthen the interpretation of the results. The results indicate that technology-based health education management innovations have a significant impact on improving student health literacy. Furthermore, it was found that successful implementation is influenced by five main factors: school institutional support, availability of technological infrastructure, teacher training, student motivation, and parental involvement. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of managerial and technological approaches in health education, tested through a mixed methods approach. These findings confirm that successful health literacy improvement is determined not only by the use of technology, but also by organizational readiness and multi-stakeholder collaboration. The implications of this research provide theoretical contributions to the development of technology-based health education management models and practical recommendations for educational institutions facing the challenges of Society 5.0.

The tourism industry faced hyper-competition wherevisual identity became a vital asset, particularly ondigital platforms. Mbarep Tour and Travel struggledwith disintegrated visual management, resulting in alow engagement rate of 1.34 percent and significantinconsistencies in typography (70 percent). Thisresearch aimed to design an Integrated VisualIdentity System as a strategic solution for branddifferentiation. The Research and Developmentmethod was employed using a hybrid workflow thatintegrated CorelDRAW for vector precision, Geminiartificial intelligence for mascot three-dimensionalenhancement, and Canva for operational templates.The outcome was a comprehensive identity system,including refined logos, standardized typography,and a brand mascot, all codified in a GraphicStandard Manual. Post-implementation resultsshowed 100 percent effectiveness in resolving visualinconsistencies and increased the engagement rate to1.79 percent. This system successfully transformedthe brand into a more professional and competitiveentity.

The Free Health Check-up (CKG) is a government program designed to strengthen promotive and preventive health efforts through the early detection of risk factors, pre-disease conditions, and diseases across the community according to the life-cycle approach. As a relatively new initiative, the implementation of the CKG program in primary healthcare settings still requires further evaluation to assess implementation readiness, digital support systems, and community participation. This literature review aimed to examine the implementation of the Free Health Check-up Program in primary healthcare services. Relevant literature was retrieved from the Google Scholar database using the keyword "implementation of the free health check-up program" and was limited to open-access, full-text articles published between 2025 and 2026. The search identified eight eligible articles, which were extracted and analyzed in this review. The synthesis revealed three major themes in the implementation of the CKG program: (1) primary healthcare service readiness, (2) digitalization and reporting systems, and (3) community participation and communication strategies. Primary healthcare readiness includes the availability of human resources, infrastructure, medical equipment, consumable medical supplies, funding, service workflows, and cross-sectoral coordination. Digitalization through the SATUSEHATplatform and integrated reporting systems has the potential to improve service efficiency; however, challenges remain regarding digital literacy, internet connectivity, and the technical capacity of healthcare personnel. Community participation is influenced by knowledge, attitudes, the roles of community health volunteers, teachers, healthcare workers, and communication strategies tailored to the characteristics of the target population. The successful implementation of the CKG program requires strengthening primary healthcare systems, optimizing digital health platforms, and adopting community-based communication strategies to ensure the program is more effective, inclusive, and sustainable.

In this study, it is planned to analyze teachers' and students' perceptions regarding the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum at IRE classes in MTs Tanada. In terms of method used, this study is a qualitative study carried out with field studies in which methods of observation, interviews, and documentation are included. According to the findings obtained from the study, the Merdeka Curriculum has brought about changes in the process of PAI teaching in terms of active participation of students, using digital media in learning processes, discussion activities through the P5 process. While teachers see the Merdeka Curriculum as flexible and supportive of creative learning, students see the lessons taught within the scope of this curriculum as diverse and attractive. Although the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum shows some positive aspects, it has also faced a number of challenges related to different understandings between teachers, regulations, difficulty in assessing attitudes, and the heavy workload of students. This study concluded that the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in Islamic Education in MTs Tanada was quite successful despite the need for improvements in teaching skills.

Internship programs represent one of the implementations of the Kampus Berdampak policy aimed at enhancing students’ competencies, work experience, and readiness to enter the professional workforce. The success of such programs is highly dependent on effective governance through the application of the management functions of Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling (POAC). This study aims to analyze the implementation of POAC functions in the governance of student internship programs conducted outside Universitas Bina Darma. The research was carried out at the Kampus Berdampak Service Center of Universitas Bina Darma using a quantitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and documentation involving 23 students participating in off-campus internship programs. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics based on the mean scores of each research indicator. The findings indicate that the implementation of POAC management functions in internship governance was categorized as very good, with an overall mean score of 4.29. The planning variable achieved the highest mean score (4.39), followed by organizing (4.30), actuating (4.27), and controlling (4.21). These results demonstrate that the internship program has been managed systematically and effectively. Nevertheless, monitoring and follow-up mechanisms require further improvement to support a more optimal and sustainable implementation of the program.

This study aims to compare the performance of three boosting algorithms, namely XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost, to predict the success of MSMEs. The data used consists of 250 entries with 13 attributes that include business actor characteristics, initial capital, industry experience, financial record-keeping, internet utilization, business planning, partnerships, and the target variable success. The pre-processing stage includes checking for missing values, standardizing numerical attributes, and splitting the data into 80% training data and 20% test data. The evaluation results show that XGBoost provides the best performance with an accuracy of 0.92, precision of 0.8333, recall of 0.8333, F1-score of 0.8333, and ROC-AUC of 0.9715. LightGBM has an accuracy of 0.88, while CatBoost achieves an accuracy of 0.90. The research results show that XGBoost has the best ability to classify successful and unsuccessful MSMEs. The feature importance results also show that the success of MSMEs is influenced by a combination of several key factors. This research emphasizes that boosting algorithms are effectively used as predictive models to support the analysis of MSME success.

The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) is a national priority program aimed at improving students’ nutritional status as part of efforts to enhance the quality of human resources. The success of this program is determined not only by nutritional fulfillment but also by the quality of governance in its implementation. This study aims to analyze the application of Good Governance principles in the Free Nutritious Meal Program at SMP Negeri 13 Surabaya. A qualitative method with a case study approach was employed. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and document analysis involving students, parents, teachers, and personnel from the Jemur Wonosari 1 Nutrition Program Service Unit (SPPG). Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal Program has reflected most Good Governance principles, particularly in terms of regulatory compliance, equitable service access, implementation effectiveness, and stakeholder coordination. However, improvements are still needed in beneficiary participation, information transparency, evaluation mechanisms, and program feedback systems. These findings provide important implications for strengthening the governance of the Free Nutritious Meal Program to become more participatory, transparent, accountable, and sustainable.

This study examines the effectiveness of the GOOL (Dukcapil Go Online) service in accelerating the issuance of birth certificates at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Probolinggo City. GOOL is a digital-based civil administration service innovation that allows residents to process civil documents without visiting the office in person. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Effectiveness indicators were based on Campbell's (2014) theory, covering: program success, goal achievement, community satisfaction, and overall objective attainment. The findings indicate that the GOOL service is generally effective in expediting birth certificate issuance. Supporting factors include collaboration with healthcare facilities (Indonesian Midwives Association and hospitals), an integrated 3-in-1 service program, and adequate technological infrastructure. Inhibiting factors include technical difficulties during document uploads, unstable internet connections, and limited digital literacy among some residents.

This study aims to analyze the religious and spiritual symbols represented in the film Titip Surat untuk Tuhan through Roland Barthes’ semiotic approach, focusing on the three levels of meaning: denotation, connotation, and myth. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method using semiotic analysis based on document studies of selected scenes, dialogues, and visual elements portraying religious values, prayer, sacrifice, patience, hope, gratitude, and trust in God. The findings reveal that symbols such as the mosque, mukena, sarong, prayer mat, the Qur’an, prayer activities, the post office as a medium for sending letters to God, and the calligraphy of “Allah” and “Prophet Muhammad” on the walls function not only as literal signs but also convey profound religious and spiritual connotations. These symbols further develop into myths that reinforce religious norms and cultural beliefs accepted as natural within society. The film successfully constructs a subtle yet powerful representation of faith by portraying a Muslim family that upholds devotion, moral values, patience, compassion, and an enduring relationship with God. Overall, the film demonstrates how religious symbols effectively communicate spiritual messages while strengthening viewers’ understanding of Islamic values through visual and narrative storytelling.