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This study examines the influence of firm size, profitability, solvency, and public accounting firm (KAP) size on audit report lag among food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2021–2024 period. The research employs purposive sampling, involving 68 companies with a total of 272 observations, and uses multiple linear regression analysis after passing all classical assumption tests. The findings reveal that profitability measured by Return on Equity (ROE), solvency measured by Debt to Assets Ratio (DAR), and KAP size have a significant effect on audit report lag. Meanwhile, firm size (measured by total assets and total sales), profitability measured by Return on Assets (ROA), and solvency measured by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) show no significant effect. These results indicate that companies with higher ROE, greater DAR, and those audited by Big Four accounting firms tend to complete their audit process more promptly. The study highlights that both financial performance and auditor characteristics play essential roles in determining audit timeliness. Overall, this research provides valuable insights for management, auditors, investors, and regulators to enhance the efficiency and reliability of financial reporting.  

This study aims to analyze the effect of liquidity and solvency ratios on the profitability of PT GoTo Go-Jek Tokopedia Tbk. The liquidity ratio in this study is measured using the Current Ratio (CR), while the solvency ratio uses the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR). The research data includes the 2018–2020 financial statements of PT Tokopedia Tbk and the years 2021–2023 after the company transformed into PT GoTo Go-Jek Tokopedia Tbk. The research method uses a descriptive quantitative approach with secondary data from the company's annual financial statements. The results show that the company's liquidity ratio fluctuates in the range of 1.55–3.14, while the DER is in the range of 0.12–0.42 and the DAR is between 0.17–0.34. The results of the simultaneous test showed the value of sig. The F Change of 0.003 < 0.05 indicates that CR, DER, and DAR have a less significant correlation relationship with Return on Assets (ROA). A determination coefficient value of 0.382 showed that 38.2% of the ROA variables were influenced by CR and DAR, while the remaining 67.8% were explained by other factors outside the model. Overall, the research findings confirm the importance of efficient debt management and optimization of capital structure to increase the company's long-term profitability.

One of the business strategies used by companies to strengthen their business and reduce competition is through acquisitions. This study was conducted to determine changes in financial performance after the acquisition process, measured using liquidity, activity, solvency, and profitability ratios. The population of this study was companies that made acquisitions in 2022. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, and four companies that conducted acquisitions in 2022 and were listed on the IDX were obtained. The research period was two years before and two years after the acquisition. The hypothesis was tested with a non-parametric test using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Based on the results of the study, it is known that of the four financial ratios, only the activity ratio had a significant difference before and after the acquisition. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in the liquidity, solvency, and profitability ratios. This is because the impact of the acquisition process cannot be seen in the short term. It takes integration and a long time to create synergy or change after an acquisition.  

This study aims to analyze the influence of profitability as proxied by Return on Equity (ROE), solvency as proxied by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and liquidity as proxied by Current Ratio (CR) on firm value as proxied by Price to Book Value (PBV) in the Indonesian food and beverage sector. The study focuses on the 2019-2023 period, a timeframe uniquely defined by the economic disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic and its initial recovery phase. The research method employed is a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis. The sample consists of 10 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), selected through a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 50 firm-year observations. The results indicate that both partially and simultaneously, the variables of profitability, solvency, and liquidity have a significant positive influence on firm value. This finding suggests that during a period of systemic crisis, the capital market places a valuation premium on companies that can demonstrate holistic and comprehensive signals of financial health. The novelty of this research lies in its contextualization of the dynamic role of financial ratios as crucial signals amidst an unprecedented economic shock. This study provides an empirical explanation for why investors prioritized stability and resilience, thereby reconciling conflicting findings in prior literature regarding the impact of liquidity on firm value.

This study aims to assess the financial performance of PT Mayora Indah Tbk from 2022 to 2024 using several financial ratios, including liquidity, solvency, and profitability. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach. In this study, the data analyzed is secondary data, where the population includes all financial statements of PT Mayora Indah Tbk. The sample taken for this study is the financial statements of PT Mayora Indah Tbk in 2022-2024. The results of the analysis show that the company's liquidity ratio is in good condition with Current Ratio (CR) reaching 298.3% and Quick Ratio (QR) of 216.8%, which exceeds existing industry standards. On the solvency ratio, the Debt To Asset Ratio (DAR) was recorded at 40.3%, which is significantly higher than the industry standard of 35%, indicating a situation that is not ideal. Conversely, the Debt To Equity Ratio (DER) of 67.9% shows a positive performance, which is below the industry standard of 90%. For profitability ratios, the company recorded a Net Profit Margin (NPM) of 8.4%, Return On Assets (ROA) of 10.9%, and Return On Equity (ROE) of 18.2%, all of which are below industry standards, indicating that profitability conditions are still low

This study aims to analyze the differences in financial performance between PT Ciputra Development Tbk (CTRA) and PT Pakuwon Jati Tbk (PWON) during 2019–2023 based on liquidity, profitability, solvency, and dividend policy ratios. A quantitative approach with a descriptive-comparative method was employed. The study utilized secondary data obtained from the annual financial reports of both companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Financial ratios were analyzed, including the Current Ratio (CR), Return on Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). Data normality and homogeneity tests were conducted, followed by Independent Sample t-Test and Mann–Whitney U test using SPSS version 26 to identify statistical differences. The results indicate no significant differences between CTRA and PWON in CR, ROA, and DPR, but a significant difference in DER, where CTRA shows higher leverage compared to PWON. These findings suggest that the key distinction between the two companies lies in their capital structure rather than profitability or dividend policy, reflecting different financial management strategies within Indonesia’s property sector.

This study aims to analyze the financial health of PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk during the 2019–2023 period using eight financial ratios based on the Indonesian Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) Decree No. KEP-100/MBU/2002. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method with secondary data derived from annual financial reports published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and the company’s official website. The findings reveal that Garuda Indonesia’s financial condition fluctuated, categorized as less healthy in 2019, deteriorated into unhealthy during 2020–2021 due to the Covid-19 pandemic, and showed limited recovery in 2022–2023, returning to the less healthy category. The main weaknesses were observed in profitability, liquidity, and solvency, while activity ratios remained relatively sound. This study highlights that Garuda’s financial problems were driven not only by external shocks from the pandemic but also by internal factors such as high debt burden and weak governance. The results are expected to contribute academically by enriching the literature on SOE financial health analysis in the post-pandemic context and provide practical implications for management, policymakers, and investors.

Along with economic recovery and fiscal stimulus, the automotive industry is starting to show a recovery trend. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of liquidity ratios and solvency ratios on profitability in automotive sub-sector companies and components listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019- 2023 period. The method used in this research is quantitative with a descriptive approach using secondary data in the form of financial reports of companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange for the 2019-2023 period. The data collection technique used in this study is the documentation technique, namely by collecting secondary data in the form of the company's annual financial statements obtained from the official website of the Indonesian stock exchange and the official website of each company. The results of the study based on partial tests show that Current Ratio has no significant effect on ROA with a t value < t table, namely 0.255 < 2.02439 and a significant value of 0.800> 0.05 and partially Debt to Equity Ratio has a negative and significant effect on ROA with a t value < t table, namely -2.336 < 2.02439 and a significant value of 0.25 < 0.05. Meanwhile, based on the simultaneous test, Current Ratio and Debt to Equity Ratio simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on the Return On Asset (ROA) variable with the value of t count> t table, namely 3.518> 3.25 and a significant value of 0.040 <0.05.

This study aimed to determine and analyze the influence of financial ratios on profit changes in telecommunications companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period. The financial ratios used in this study encompass four main groups: liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, activity ratios, and profitability ratios. This study employed a quantitative approach with an associative nature because it attempted to examine the relationship and influence between these financial variables on profit changes. The population in this study comprised all telecommunications companies listed on the IDX, while the sample selection was conducted using a purposive sampling technique with specific criteria, resulting in 15 eligible companies. The research data were then analyzed using panel data regression using EViews 12 software, with the best model selected being the Random Effect Model (REM). The results showed that simultaneously, liquidity, solvency, activity, and profitability ratios significantly influenced profit changes, thus concluding that the company's overall financial performance plays a significant role in determining the dynamics of profit generated. However, partial test results showed that the influence of each ratio was different. The solvency ratio has a significant negative effect on profit changes, indicating that the higher a company's debt level, the greater the risk of profit decline. Conversely, the profitability ratio has a significant positive effect, confirming that a company's ability to generate net profit is a major factor in increasing profit changes. Meanwhile, the liquidity ratio and activity ratio were not shown to have a significant effect on profit changes, indicating that short-term liquidity and operational efficiency are not sufficient to be the primary determinants in driving profit changes in the telecommunications sector.  

The cosmetic and household goods industry in Indonesia continues to experience growth in line with increasing consumer demand and lifestyle changes. This sector plays an important role in supporting the national economy, but it is also vulnerable to fluctuations in market dynamics, global competition, and external challenges that may affect companies’ financial performance. The performance of these companies can be assessed through financial indicators, particularly profitability and solvency, which are often linked to firm value. This study aims to analyze the effect of profitability and solvency on firm value in the cosmetic and household goods subsector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2019–2023. The research population consists of 11 companies, with 6 companies selected as the sample using purposive sampling techniques based on specific criteria. The data used are secondary data derived from financial statements obtained from the official IDX website (www.idx.co.id). The analytical method applied is quantitative with several statistical tests, including classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-test, and F-test, assisted by SPSS version 22. The research findings indicate that profitability, proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), has a positive and significant partial effect on firm value (t-value 3.132 > t-table 2.04841). Solvency, proxied by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), also shows a positive and significant partial effect on firm value (t-value 5.810 > t-table 2.04841). Moreover, both profitability and solvency simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on firm value (F-value 86.997 > F-table 3.35). These results suggest that maintaining profitability and managing solvency effectively are key strategies for companies in enhancing firm value in a competitive market environment.

Based on the financial performance analysis of PT. Gudang Garam Tbk (GGRM) during the 2020–2023 period, the company faced significant challenges that impacted its financial condition. One of the main factors affecting the company's performance is the increase in tobacco excise duties, which has affected the cost structure and selling prices of its cigarette products. Additionally, the increasing regulatory pressure and changes in consumer behavior have posed unavoidable challenges. The decline in profitability and liquidity ratios, such as Return on Assets (ROA) and Current Ratio (CR), indicates the negative impact of these external conditions on the company’s ability to generate profit and meet short-term obligations. This decline suggests that the company is struggling to balance income and operational costs. The fluctuating solvency ratio also raises concern. Although the company manages to maintain a balance between debt and equity, these fluctuations show challenges in managing long-term assets and liabilities. Dependence on debt and rising operational costs pose risks to the company's financial stability. These fluctuations affect the company's ability to maintain liquidity and solvency in an increasingly competitive market. Trend analysis from the financial statements indicates that the company needs to strengthen its adaptation strategies and risk management to face the growing market challenges. GGRM must focus on product innovation and marketing strategies that can attract new customers while retaining existing ones. Furthermore, the company must adapt to changing regulations and evolving consumer trends. The results of this study provide important insights for stakeholders regarding the financial condition of the tobacco industry. In this challenging situation, GGRM must continue to develop more adaptive strategies to survive and thrive amidst the dynamic market and increasingly stringent regulations.

This study aims to examine the influence of financial performance ratios—namely, the liquidity ratio (Current Ratio/CR), solvency ratio (Debt to Asset Ratio/DAR), and activity ratio (Total Asset Turnover/TATO)—on the return on assets (ROA) of companies in the automotive sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2020–2023. Employing a quantitative research approach with purposive sampling, the study focuses on automotive sector companies that met specific criteria over the observed time span. Data analysis was conducted using EViews version 13 software, and the methodology included descriptive statistics, panel data estimation, classical assumption tests, panel data regression analysis, t-tests (for partial effects), F-tests (for simultaneous effects), and coefficient of determination (R²) tests. The partial test results reveal that the liquidity ratio (CR) has a negative but statistically insignificant effect on ROA, indicating that higher liquidity does not necessarily enhance profitability. Similarly, the solvency ratio (DAR) demonstrates a negative and insignificant effect on ROA, suggesting that increased debt levels are not significantly associated with lower returns. In contrast, the activity ratio (TATO) has a positive and significant effect on ROA, implying that better asset utilization contributes positively to profitability. When tested simultaneously, the combination of CR, DAR, and TATO shows a positive and significant influence on ROA, indicating that these financial ratios collectively impact the profitability of automotive companies. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how internal financial indicators relate to profitability in the automotive sector and can inform management decisions and investor evaluations.

This study aims to analyze and determine whether or not there are differences in financial performance between cigarette sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016 - 2023. This type of research uses quantitative research with a comparative method. Sampling was carried out using the purposive sampling method and four companies were obtained. The data used in this study are secondary data using the company's annual financial reports. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test for non-normally distributed data and the One-Way ANOVA test for normally distributed data. The results of the study indicate that there are significant differences between the financial performance of PT HM Sampoerna Tbk, PT Gudang Garam Tbk, PT Wismilak Inti Makmur Tbk, and PT Indonesian Tobacco Tbk as seen from the liquidity ratio (Current Ratio), solvency ratio (Debt To Asset Ratio), activity ratio (Total Asset Turn Over), and profitability ratio (Return On Asset).

Earnings management is a form of deviation in the process of preparing financial statements, namely affecting the level of profit displayed in the financial statements. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that influence earnings management, namely Solvency, Corporate Social Responsibility , Profitability, and Company Size based on the findings of previous studies . The method used is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Data collection related to similar research was obtained from 50 journals from the Google Scholar database with a publication year range of 2023-2025. The results of this study indicate that the factors that have a significant effect on earnings management, namely Solvency, have an effect on earnings management. The greater the level of this solvency ratio , the greater the opportunity for managers to carry out earnings management so that the company can more easily obtain funds from creditors. Corporate Social Responsibility influence on earnings management. Improving sustainability performance through CSR by companies can encourage management to take higher earnings manipulation actions. Profitability influences earnings management. When the higher the profits earned by the company, the higher the Earnings Management practices carried out by the managers. Company ​size influences earnings management. The larger the size of a company, the smaller the opportunity to carry out earnings management.

This study aims to analyze the financial performance of Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) Bandung Asia Afrika Branch Office using solvency ratios, including Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR). The research emplyos a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from financial reports for the years 2023-2024. Solvency ratios serve as crucial indicators in assessing the bank’s ability to meet long-term obligations and manage its capital structure. The analysis refers to the principles of sharia-based financial reporting as outlined in PSAK 401, which emphasize transparency and accountability. The results show that BSI KC Bandung Asia Afrika experienced improved solvency, as indicated by decreasing DER ratio, along with the presentation of financial statements that comply with Islamic accounting standards.

This study aims to analyze the role of cash flow and financial ratios in predicting financial distress in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2021–2023. The independent variables include cash flow, profitability, liquidity, leverage, and activity ratios, while financial distress serves as the dependent variable. This research employs logistic regression analysis with purposive sampling, resulting in a sample of 100 companies with a total of 300 observations. The findings reveal that liquidity and activity ratios have a significant negative effect on financial distress, while solvency has a significant positive impact. However, cash flow and profitability do not significantly influence financial distress. These findings highlight the importance of liquidity management and asset efficiency in reducing financial distress risk, while also indicating that high debt burdens increase the likelihood of financial distress. The study’s implications provide valuable insights for management and investors in making strategic financial decisions

This study aims to analyze the comparison of solvency levels and claim payment abilities between two general insurance companies in Indonesia, PT Asuransi Dayin Mitra Tbk (ASDM) and PT Asuransi Jasa Tania Tbk (ASJT), considering the macroeconomic conditions in 2023. The methods used are qualitative and quantitative comparative analyses based on the audited financial statements and annual reports of both companies, as well as a review of macroeconomic data from official sources. The findings indicate that ASDM and ASJT managed to achieve positive performance despite economic challenges, with ASJT recording higher growth in premiums and net income. Both companies maintained solvency ratios above regulatory thresholds and controlled claims ratios. Business strategy adaptation, sound governance, and effective risk management contributed to these achievements. Macroeconomic factors such as inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates were found to influence the performance of both companies, with varying levels of sensitivity depending on their market segment focus. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of the insurance business in Indonesia and highlight opportunities and challenges that industry stakeholders need to anticipate..

This study aims to test the influence of liquidity as measured by the Current Ratio and Solvency as measured by Debt to Equity Ratio  and Profitability with Return On Equity proxy on Stock Price. The data used is secondary data from the Annual Report. The sample used in this study was 15 companies in the Food and Beverage subsector. listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange that meets the requirements for use in research with a period of 20 20 to 2023 ( 4 years), so that the data observed is 60. This study uses a quantitative method with SPSS analysis tools . The findings of this study indicate that Liquidity has a positive effect on stock prices. Solvability and profitability partially do not affect stock prices.  

This study aims to analyze financial statements as a tool to assess the financial performance of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk for the period 2020–2023. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, this research calculates key financial ratios, including liquidity ratios (current ratio), solvency ratios (debt to equity ratio), activity ratios (total asset turnover), and profitability ratios (net profit margin). The results show that the current ratio experienced a declining trend from 66.09% in 2020 to 55.16% in 2023, reflecting a weakening ability of the company to meet its short-term liabilities. The debt to equity ratio increased from 315.90% in 2020 to 392.85% in 2023, indicating a high dependence on debt financing. Meanwhile, the total asset turnover improved from 315.90% in 2020 to 392.85% in 2023, suggesting better efficiency in utilizing assets to generate sales. However, the net profit margin declined from 16.42% in 2020 to 12.26% in 2023, signaling a decrease in the company's effectiveness in converting sales into net profit. Based on these findings, PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk is advised to enhance the management of current assets, strengthen its capital structure by reducing reliance on debt, and thoroughly evaluate cost control and marketing strategies to improve profitability and ensure business sustainability in the future.   

This study aims to evaluate the financial performance of PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk during the period 2021 to 2024 in an effort to assess the effectiveness of financial management within the infrastructure sector. The main focus of the study is to determine whether there has been an improvement in financial performance based on relevant financial indicators. The analysis was conducted using a descriptive quantitative approach based on the company’s published annual financial statements. The results indicate that, in general, PT Jasa Marga has experienced a significant improvement in financial performance over the past four years. This is reflected in improved liquidity, solvency, profitability, and activity ratios. The increase in toll revenue, as the company’s main source of income, along with profit growth and operational efficiency, serve as key indicators of the success of management strategies in addressing post-pandemic challenges and expanding national toll road projects. Additionally, improved debt management is evidenced by the declining leverage ratios year after year. These findings support the hypothesis that there has been an improvement in financial performance during the observation period.