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This study aims to analyze the obstacles in Social Studies (IPS) learning related to global issues influenced by technological advancement through a literature review method. Social Studies plays an essential role in shaping students’ understanding of social, economic, cultural, and political life while fostering global awareness in the digital era. However, in practice, IPS learning often faces various challenges that reduce its effectiveness and attractiveness. One of the main problems is students ’low interestin IPS, as it is often perceived as boring and overly theoretical, combined with the influence of technology that diverts students’ attention toward digital entertainment. Other contributing factors include non-interactive teaching methods, limited learning facilities, unconducive classroom environments, and a lack of parental support. Through a comprehensive literature review, this study found that relevant strategies to overcome these issues include Project-Based Learning, Technology Integration, and Contextual Approaches. These strategies enable students to learn actively, critically, and collaboratively by linking IPS material to global issues and real-world phenomena. The recommended solutions include implementing project-based education, utilizing interactive digital media, and fostering intercultural dialogue within the learning process. The results of this study are expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of adaptive IPS learning models in response to technological progress, as well as practical benefits for teachers, schools, and policymakers in creating Social Studies learning that is engaging, meaningful, and relevant to the global challenges of the 21st century.

This study aims to analyze various obstacles in Social Sciences (IPS) learning related to global issues that are increasingly influenced by technological advances, through literature study methods. Social studies has a strategic role in shaping students' understanding of social, economic, cultural, and political aspects, as well as fostering global awareness in the digital era. However, the effectiveness of social studies learning still faces a number of obstacles, especially low student interest because the material is considered boring, too theoretical, and less interesting than digital entertainment. In addition, less interactive learning methods, limited facilities, unconducive classroom environment, and lack of parental support also worsen the quality of learning. Through a comprehensive literature review, this study identifies several relevant learning strategies to overcome these constraints, including ProjectBased Learning, technology integration, and contextual approaches. These three strategies allow students to learn actively, critically, and collaboratively by relating social studies materials to global issues and real phenomena. This research provides theoretical contributions to the development of social studies learning models that are adaptive to technological developments, as well as practical benefits for teachers, schools, and policymakers in creating social studies learning that is more interesting, meaningful, and relevant to the global challenges of the 21st century.

Social Studies instruction at the elementary school level plays a strategic role in instilling civic values in students, thereby preparing them to behave as good citizens within the social environment. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method conducted in Grade IV at SDN Kebumen 02 using the ADDIE development model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The findings indicate that the Senada song–based learning media developed using Articulate Storyline 3, which contains material on the diversity of ethnic groups and nations in Indonesia, was designed in accordance with instructional needs, received a “very feasible” rating from both content and media experts, and was proven effective as a supporting medium for Social Studies learning in improving the learning outcomes of Grade IV students, as evidenced by the results of paired t-tests and N-Gain analyses conducted in both small and large groups. This media has also proven effective in improving student learning outcomes, as tested using paired t-tests and N-Gain tests in small and large groups. These results indicate that song-based media can improve student motivation and learning outcomes in social studies.

This study aims to determine the effect of library facilities on students' interest in reading books in economics for grades 10, 11, and 12, majoring in social studies at SMA Negeri 1 Kabila, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province. This study used a quantitative approach. Data collection methods used in this study were observation, documentation, and questionnaires. Based on the description above, the population in this study was 489 students in grades 10, 11, and 12 majoring in social studies at SMA Negeri 1 Kabila. The sample in this study was grades 10, 11, and 12. The analytical method used was simple linear regression. The results showed an effect. The results obtained a R-squared coefficient of 0.258. This value means that 25.8% of the variability in the variable of interest in reading economics textbooks for grades 10, 11, and 12 majoring in social studies at SMA Negeri 1 Kabila, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province can be explained by library facilities, while the remaining 74.2% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.

This study aims to increase student interest in Social Studies (IPS) through the use of varied learning media in third-grade students at SD Pembangunan Laboratorium UNP. The typically boring nature of Social Studies learning can be addressed by presenting engaging media tailored to student characteristics. Varied learning media, such as educational videos, images, interactive games, and props, are expected to engage students, engage them, and enhance their understanding of the material. This study used a qualitative approach through observation and interviews to determine students' responses to the use of these media. The results showed that the use of diverse learning media increased student motivation and interest in Social Studies lessons. Students appeared more enthusiastic in discussions, asking questions, and completing assigned assignments. Thus, the use of varied media not only increased student interest but also strengthened their understanding of the material presented. This study recommends that educators at SD Pembangunan Laboratorium UNP optimize the use of varied learning media to improve the quality of Social Studies learning, thereby making the teaching and learning process more enjoyable and effective.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of character education and learning motivation on student learning discipline in Integrated Social Studies subjects for class VIII at SMP Negeri 3 Limboto, Gorontalo Regency. This study used a quantitative approach with a quantitative descriptive research method. The data used were primary data obtained through distributing questionnaires to 50 class VIII students as respondents, and supported by research documentation. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression to test the relationship between the variables of character education, learning motivation, and student learning discipline. The results showed that character education had a positive and significant influence on student learning discipline, as evidenced by the calculated t value of 2.698 which was greater than the t table of 1.677 and a significance value of 0.010 which was less than 0.05. In addition, learning motivation also showed a positive and significant influence on learning discipline with a calculated t value of 3.386 which was greater than the t table of 1.677 and a significance value of 0.001 which was less than 0.05. Simultaneously, character education and learning motivation have a significant effect on student learning discipline, which can be seen from the calculated F value of 92.162 which is greater than the F table of 3.19 and the significant probability value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.797 indicates that 79.7% of the variation in student learning discipline can be explained by these two variables, while the remaining 20.3% is influenced by other factors outside this study. Thus, increasing character education and learning motivation in schools is expected to improve student discipline which has implications for better academic quality and character formation.

This study aims to describe and explain the challenges and obstacles in implementing differentiated learning in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) for fourth-grade students at Galeh 1 Public Elementary School, Tangen District, Sragen Regency, in the  2024/2025 academic year. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method, with the study conducted at Galeh 01 Elementary School in April 2025. The research subjects included the fourth-grade teacher and students, consisting of 8 male and 11 female students. Data collection techniques involved observation, interviews, and documentation, analyzed using the interactive data analysis model by Miles & Huberman. The results of the study show that: a) content differentiation was evident through the teacher's systematic preparation of IPAS teaching modules, provision of learning materials, and the use of PowerPoint and concrete images as media; b) process differentiation was demonstrated through varied assignments in group and individual formats, tailored approaches according to academic levels, and the use of an LCD projector to support learning; c) product differentiation was observed through students being given opportunities to present and the teacher providing summative assessments as a measure of understanding; d) the learning environment element was reflected in the teacher creating a fun and conducive classroom atmosphere. 2) The challenges and obstacles in implementing differentiated learning included: a) the presence of passive students, b) limited facilities and infrastructure, c) the time-consuming process of preparing learning components, and d) student dependency on peers.

This study aims to determine how students perceive the use of Microsoft Excel in preparing financial reports. The research method used is qualitative, which uses data collection techniques from questionnaires and interviews. This study contains a theoretical study of financial reports, Microsoft Excel, and students' perceptions. The research data were obtained from six informants with different secondary education backgrounds, namely vocational high schools majoring in accounting, MA majoring in social studies, and high schools majoring in social studies. With different secondary education backgrounds, it can influence students' perceptions about the use of Microsoft Excel in preparing financial reports.

This conceptual study examines the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PBL) model, supported by digital media tools such as Simplebooklet and Canva, in Social Studies learning for sixth-grade students at SDN 1 Bangoan. The study arises from the need for contextual, engaging, and student-centred learning as a response to the typically theoretical and less interactive nature of Social Studies instruction. Through the integration of digital media, students can engage in meaningful projects that foster critical thinking, collaboration, creativity, and digital literacy. The learning process includes stages such as problem formulation, project planning, product development, and reflection. This study presents a conceptual overview showing that implementing the PjBL model with the support of Simplebooklet and Canva can enhance student engagement and strengthen understanding of the subject matter.

This study examines the integration of local wisdom values ​​in Social Studies (IPS) learning in Elementary Schools (SD) as an effort to strengthen students' character and cultural identity. Then the low utilization of local wisdom in IPS learning, which results in students' lack of understanding of regional cultural values. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of local wisdom values ​​in IPS learning and identify its impact on students' understanding and character. The method used is a qualitative approach with literature study techniques by collecting a number of information obtained from various sources and media to learn about the application of local wisdom if applied to IPS learning in Elementary Schools. The results of the study indicate that the integration of local wisdom values, such as mutual cooperation, deliberation, and environmental wisdom, can increase student involvement and strengthen a sense of love for local culture and this confirms that IPS learning based on local wisdom is not only relevant to the socio-cultural context of students but also effective in forming characters rooted in the nation's culture. The conclusion of this study is that the integration of local wisdom in social studies learning in elementary schools can be a significant educational strategy in building students' social understanding and character values, so it needs to be supported by educational policies that encourage the implementation of local culture-based materials in elementary schools.

Madrasah Ibtidaiyah plays an important role in shaping the character of the younger generation, especially facing the challenges of generation Z who have grown up in the digital era. This generation has characteristics such as visual orientation, high technology involvement, and learning patterns that demand interactivity. Social studies education at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah is a strategic forum for instilling Islamic character values ​​such as integrity, cooperation and social responsibility. The development of an integrated and innovative curriculum, involving a thematic approach that is relevant to the needs of the times, is needed to eliminate barriers between scientific disciplines, thereby providing holistic learning. Learning strategies based on moral values, technology and collaboration can increase the effectiveness of character education. Teachers as curriculum developers play a vital role in compiling, implementing and evaluating teaching methods that suit the needs of generation Z, whether through Student-Centered Learning, Visual-Based Learning, or Flipped Classroom approaches.This research emphasizes the importance of collaboration between teachers, students, and technology in realizing social studies education that is able to create a generation that is critical, moral, and ready to face global challenges without losing its Islamic identity. With this approach, madrasahs are able to produce the nation's next generation who are superior in character and competence. 

This study aims to explore the role of entrepreneurship-based social studies learning in building the independent character of 5th grade elementary school students. Using a qualitative approach, this study examines the impact of implementing entrepreneurial learning in the context of social studies on the development of students' independent attitudes, social skills, and ability to innovate. Data were obtained through literature review and content analysis of various relevant literatures, as well as observation of entrepreneurship learning practices in elementary schools. The results show that entrepreneurship-based social studies learning significantly contributes to improving students' independent character, including the ability to make decisions, manage resources, and innovate in solving problems. In addition, this learning also strengthens students' social skills, such as cooperation, communication and leadership. This research suggests that entrepreneurship-based social studies learning should be further expanded at the primary school level to support better development of students' independent character and prepare them to face future social and economic challenges.  

Social attitudes are activities in relationships with other people, whether with peers, teachers, parents, or siblings. In relationships with other people, very meaningful events occur in his life that shape his personality, which helps him develop into the human being he is. As an educator, cultivating social attitudes in students is very important so that students have the attitude to build relationships with other people in everyday life. Based on this phenomenon, the researcher took research at MTs Negeri 6 Blitar as the object of research with the aim of finding out how social studies teachers' strategies are in cultivating social attitudes in students. The formulation of the problem in this research is: (1) What is the social studies teacher's strategy in determining changes in student behavior and personality at MTs Negeri 6 Blitar? (2) What is the social studies teacher's strategy in cultivating students' social attitudes at MTs Negeri 6 Blitar? (3) What are the results of the social studies teacher's strategy in fostering students' social attitudes at MTs Negeri 6 Blitar? This research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach. The research location is at MTs Negeri 6 Blitar. The data sources in this research use primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this research used three techniques, namely, in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The data that has been collected is then analyzed through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that: (1) Implementing behavioral changes at MTs Negeri 6 Blitar starts from class VII students by getting used to: first making a greeting picket schedule after coming to school in the morning, holding the habit of doing dhuha prayers in congregation for all students and teachers, carrying out community service to clean the environment every Friday in mutual cooperation, familiarizing students with literacy, carrying out homeroom clinics to minimize mistakes made by students so that they can be minimized by each homeroom teacher, and teaching students good manners to respect parents, teachers, friends, and other people. Another thing is to get used to reading the Asmaul Husna before starting learning. (2) Developing students' social attitudes at MTs Negeri 6 Blitar by holding a program: they must collect social funds every Friday as sincerely as possible to help less fortunate friends. If they have damaged shoes, they can't afford them; the school buys the shoes using these social funds; treats friends. who are sick while at school; visits friends who are sick; works together to clean the classroom once a week so that students have the social spirit to care about dirty classrooms; picking up rubbish on the floor before starting learning can foster social attitudes by having a sense of caring about the surrounding environment. (3) The results of the teacher's strategy in cultivating students' social attitudes at MTs Negeri 6 Blitar make students more able to appreciate and respect other people, make students have a religious spirit by getting used to praying dhuha in congregation every morning and reading Asmaul Husna before starting social studies learning, make students more caring with the cleanliness of the surrounding environment because of cleaning activities on Fridays, make students love reading by holding literacy, make students more organized and minimize mistakes with the homeroom clinic, and foster a high social spirit with the existence of social funds every Friday and distributing These funds are properly used to buy necessities for underprivileged students, treat friends who are sick while at school, and visit friends who are sick.

The purpose of documenting the findings is to evaluate the extent to which the use of audio-visual media can implement learners' academic performance in Social Studies subjects at the primary school level. This research has been conducted using a qualitative method complemented by a descriptive approach, relying on data obtained from a literature review. Data sources include relevant scientific articles, books and journals that support previous findings and are in line with the main topic of this study.  The research shows that the use of audiovisual media has a significant impact on improving students' learning rubric in social studies subjects. Audio-visual media proved effective because it was able to encourage active student involvement through activities such as asking questions, discussing, and responding to the material presented. In this case, it was due to the efficient presentation of the video that was able to keep learners' attention and reduce the risk of boredom. Thus, this engagement contributes to their improved academic performance. The integration of audio-visual media in social studies learning in elementary schools has a major positive impact on students' academic achievement and learning motivation.

This research is motivated by problems experienced by students, such as continuous problems, the lack of interaction between friends can actually affect the student learning process, especially for class VII. Students are more limited or less active because they lack self-confidence and have difficulty communicating. Therefore, by implementing the contextual teaching and learning model, it is hoped that students can grow their self-confidence so that they can increase social interaction between students and create good learning activities. The research objectives are, to find out the step, supporting and inhibiting factors, impact of implementing the Contextual Teaching And Learning model in social studies learning in increasing the social interaction of class VII students at MTsN 3 Tulungagung. This research uses a qualitative approach, descriptive research type. Descriptive research is presented in the form of words found from observations which are then analyzed, interpreted and conclusions drawn. The population of this study was class VII MTsN 3 Tulungagung and school residents. Data collection techniques use interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the research are drawn to conclusions which show that the implementation of the Contextual Teaching and Learning model can increase social interaction between students, so that students tend to be more active and learning activities can run well.

The definition of Social Sciences (IPS) in Indonesia refers to the integrative study of human life in various dimensions of space and time and its activities. In the education sector, social studies refers to knowledge about the relationship between humans and their social environment. Character education, on the other hand, refers to a system of instilling character values ​​that includes the components of knowledge, awareness, and action to apply these values ​​in various contexts. The importance of character education in developing responsible, caring and empathetic individuals is emphasized in the culture and social environment concerned. The importance of integrated social studies includes several in-depth aspects, including a holistic understanding of the relationship between social science disciplines, development of critical and analytical thinking skills, development of social and emotional skills, and a broader understanding of human values, justice and democracy. Through various learning methods such as introduction to material, project-based learning, group discussions, case studies, simulations, and field visits, students can get to know integrated social studies well. After studying integrated social studies, students can show improvements in characteristics such as courtesy and responsibility. Through integrated social studies learning, students learn to respect cultural differences and be tolerant towards other people.

This research is motivated by the lack of students' reading ability and interest in reading at SMPN 1 Pagu and they prefer fun activities because they think that reading is boring unlike when reading novels, comics and other picture books. So in this case it requires special attention from teachers and parents to provide extra education for children so that they are interested in reading and improve their reading comprehension skills, both at home and especially at school. The formulation of the problem is 1) What is the influence of the Quantum Reading Learning Model on Students' Reading Comprehension Ability in Class Ⅶ Social Sciences Subjects at SMPN 1 Pagu? ; 2) What is the influence of the Quantum Reading Learning Model on Students' Reading Interest in Social Sciences Subjects in Class Ⅶ at SMPN 1 Pagu? . The research objectives in this thesis are 1) To determine the effect of the Quantum Reading learning model on students' reading comprehension abilities in class VII social studies at SMPN 1 Pagu; 2) To determine the effect of the Quantum Reading learning model on students' reading interest in social studies subjects at SMPN 1 Pagu, Kediri Regency in 2023/2024. This research uses a quantitative approach. Quasi experimental type of quantitative research. The population in this study were all class VII students at SMPN 1 Pagu, Kediri Regency. The samples in this research were class VII B students consisting of 36 students and class VII C consisting of 36 students. Data collection techniques use questionnaires and tests. The data analysis technique used is the paired sample T test (Paired Sample T Test). The results of the research show that 1) the Quantum Reading learning model has an influence on the Reading (Comprehension) of Class VII students at SMPN 1 Pagu, Kediri Regency 2023/2024, as evidenced by the obtained significance value (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. 2) the Quantum Reading learning model influences the reading interest of Class VII students at SMPN 1 Pagu, Tulungahung Regency 2023/2024, as evidenced by the acquisition of students' reading interest with a significance (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.

Teachers are a big influence in cultivating the success of students' insight and attitudes. The guidance given by teachers also needs to be given to the values of caring for the environment. The character of caring for the environment does not only come from intuition and talent, but also comes from habits and an educational process that cares about the environment. A concrete manifestation provided by the government in cultivating the character of caring for the environment through the Adiwiyata Program in schools. The predicate of Adiwiyata is Mandiri and is an example of a school to be coached by other schools, so to find out more the researcher wants to conduct research on the role of teachers in cultivating environmentally caring character through the Adiwiyata program. The aim of this research is to (1) find out the role of social studies teachers in forming character caring for the environment at SMPN 1 Wlingi (2) knowing the form of character that cares for the environment in students at SMPN 1 Wlingi. This research uses a qualitative approach and an intrinsic case study type of research. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. Checking data validity through technical triangulation and confirmability. The data analysis technique for this research is the Miles and Huberman technique through data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. The results of this research are 1) The Role of Social Studies Teachers in Forming Environmentally Caring Characters a) Curriculum that is integrated with the environment, in the form of lesson plans/teaching modules that are integrated with material about the environment b) Participatory activities, in the form of the habit of cleaning the environment every morning, with guidance teachers, and insight through activities from learning materials. 2) Forming environmentally caring character through the Adiwiyata Program at SMPN 1 Wlingi in the form of an independent attitude and sense of responsibility possessed by students which is proven by the many activities that support the Adiwiyata Program, such as picket activities every morning and after school, clean Fridays, competitions cleanliness of the class, several activities integrated with learning materials in the form of making vlogs. and in general, SMPN 1 Wlingi implements minimizing plastic waste through the attitude of students by bringing provisions or drink bottles from home.

Self-efficacy is an individual’s confidence about performed accompanied task by the ability to complete the work that has been given. PKM can improve confidence education student to teaching in providing direct learning to learners. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that can increase self-efficacy of teaching in PKM courses. This research used a descriptive method with the research subjects of UNJ Social Studies Education Students class of 2020 who has attended the PKM course. UNJ Social Studies Education students have a moderate level of self-efficacy, which means that UNJ Social Studies Education students have the confidence to teach and are able to complete the task given during PKM. However, in the preparation process its implementation still has some shortage so that it can affect the self-efficacy of teaching. Influencing factors are (1) interest in becoming a teacher, (2) supporting courses, (3) implementation mechanisms, (4) sources of self-efficacy, Mastery Experience, Vicarious Experience, Social Persuasion, Physiological and Emotional State. Researchers can then use questionnaires so that the results obtained have definite numerical data so that self-efficacy can be measured properly.

Instilling environmental care character education in students through the adiwiyata program is very important considering the development of science and technology which makes human behavior increasingly exploit natural resources and lose concern for the environment. Through the Adiwiyata program, environmental care character education is expected to generate and realize environmental awareness by introducing children to the importance of environmental conservation. Environmental preservation can be pursued, especially in schools, through the Adiwiyata program. One of the schools in Tulungagung Regency which has the adiwiyata title is SMPN 2 Kauman Tulungagung. This research is qualitative research with a qualitative descriptive research type. The data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interviews, documentation. The formulation of the problem in this research is related to activities in cultivating character education that cares about the environment, strategies for cultivating character education that cares about the environment, supporting and inhibiting factors for cultivating character education that cares about the environment. This research aims to: 1) find out the activities of instilling environmentally caring character education through the adiwiyata program in class IX social studies students at SMPN 2 Kauman Tulungnagung, 2) find out strategies for instilling environmentally caring character education through the adiwiyata program in class IX social studies students at SMPN 2 Kauman Tulungnagung, 3) determine the supporting and inhibiting factors for instilling environmentally caring character education through the adiwiyata program in class IX social studies students at SMPN 2 Kauman Tulungnagung. The results obtained from the research show that 1) in class VII, through socialization on waste recognition, socialization on waste selection, and socialization on waste banks, in class VIII there has begun to be a strengthening of the character of caring for the environment with discipline through class pickets, clean Fridays, not throwing away litter, keeping the classroom and yard clean, responsibility by being willing to accept punishment if you make a mistake, in class IX they have become role models for their younger classmates by giving examples of planting trees and caring for trees, 2) the strategy is that the school takes part in regular competitions, and schools make rules relating to adiwiyata, if anyone violates them they will be punished, 3) supporting factors such as example, teacher strictness, school regulations. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include school internals, student habits, students' lack of awareness of obeying the rules..