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Mathematics is one of the main skills taught from elementary school to college, playing a role in developing critical and logical thinking patterns of students. However, many elementary school students have difficulty understanding mathematical concepts, especially spatial figures, due to the lack of supporting learning media. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of using Trimatra (three-dimensional) media in mathematics learning in elementary schools. Trimatra media, such as three-dimensional models of spatial figures, allows students to visualize and understand the characteristics and relationships between spatial figures in a concrete manner. The results of the literature study show that Trimatra media not only increases students' knowledge of mathematical concepts, but also motivates students to be actively involved in learning, increases critical thinking skills, and overall learning outcomes.  

This study explores the relationship between language, culture, and society, all three of which are interdependent and inseparable. Language and culture are integral components that shape the identity of a society, and language functions as a cultural mirror and social glue. The method used is a qualitative approach based on literature which aims to examine the importance of language and culture in forming community identity. The results of the study are then narrated in descriptive form. This research aims to study and understand the concept of culture and language about how cultural changes influence the evolution of language and shape the identity of a society. Language has also experienced changes with the emergence of pop culture phenomena (popular culture). These changes reflect societal trends and changes. By analyzing the interrelationships of language, culture and society, this research provides insight into the complex dynamics of identity formation and their implications for social cohesion.

Islamic religious education has a fundamental role in forming people who are faithful and have noble character. The concept of Islamic education is based on the values ​​of monotheism, the exemplary behavior of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, and the teachings of the Qur'an and hadith which emphasize the importance of morality in individual and social life. This study analyzes the concept and practice of Islamic religious education in building character through a qualitative approach with literature study methods, observation, and interviews. The results of the study show that Islamic education is implemented through various methods, including cognitive learning, habituation of worship, role models, and the role of family and social environment. Islamic education does not only focus on mastering religious knowledge but also on internalizing moral and ethical values ​​that shape the personality of Muslims who have noble character. Therefore, optimizing Islamic religious education is very important in facing moral challenges in the modern era.

The integration of Islamic education into a nation’s educational system represents a strategic effort to align religious and national educational objectives under a unified policy framework. In many Muslim-majority countries, the responsibility for managing Islamic education is delegated to local governments as part of a broader national consensus involving various educational stakeholders. This arrangement, however, often raises tensions because education policy is inherently a political decision influenced by state interests and ideological considerations. The process of incorporating Islamic education within the national system reflects the dynamic interplay between religion and politics, where Islamic education both shapes and is shaped by political structures. This study explores how political power affects the development, autonomy, and implementation of Islamic education policies. The objective is to highlight the challenges of maintaining educational freedom and religious authenticity while ensuring state oversight and quality assurance. The findings emphasize that a deep understanding of educational politics enables Muslim educators and policymakers to advocate for Islamic education that aligns with Islamic principles yet remains relevant within the national educational framework. Therefore, the balance between state control and institutional independence is essential in realizing the holistic goals of Islamic education in contemporary society.

Sports injuries are injuries that occur during training, competition or after exercise. Sports injuries occur due to the inability of tissues (muscles, joints, tendons, skin) and other organs to receive training loads during exercise. Factors that influence the occurrence of injuries, namely individual conditions (age, gender, character, experience, warm-up, posture abnormalities), sports facilities (shape and size of equipment), sports characteristics (type of sport), physical environment (temperature and humidity). If not treated immediately, it can cause cerebral vascular disorders (heat stroke) and immediately do an examination if you experience an injury during exercise, so that you can get fast and proper treatment. On this occasion, lecturers from the Faculty of Health Sciences, Anwar Medika University (UAM) Sidoarjo held counseling activities for vocational students in the Krian Sidoarjo sub-district area. The purpose of this counseling is expected so that later SMK students can play an active role in conveying and implementing the knowledge in this activity to help the community around their place of residence.

Muhammadiyah is an Islamic movement with the preaching of Amar Makruf Nahi Munkar which is based on Islamic faith and is based on the Qur'an and As-Sunnah. Many things drive the progress of this Muhammadiyah organization, such as the vision-mission, educational concept, goals, and curriculum that are mutually continuous so that Muhammadiyah can process well in the life of society. In Islamic education there are challenges that must be faced by Muhammadiyah because considering the development of Islam is very fast and also flexible and always relevant from time to time. One of the challenges to the development of Islamic education is the advancement of technology. The advancement of science and technology (iptek) requires all parties to be competent so as not to be eroded and crushed by the times. The negative and positive impacts of technological progress must be addressed with the right innovation. Innovation that can be applied by the Muhammadiyah organization is through the field of education. Education is a process that can shape human beings such as potential, personality, intelligence, noble morals, self-control, religion and skills needed in oneself and society.

This study aims to determine the extent of the integration of local wisdom in learning Islamic history at the Faculty of Islamic Studies Undaris. As we have known that one of the objectives of learning Islamic history is to help train intelligence and shape attitudes, character, and personality of students, because the content of Islamic history material contains local wisdom values. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by giving meaning to the data that was successfully collected and from that meaning conclusions were drawn. The results of the study showed that the integration of local wisdom in learning Islamic history at FAI Undaris refers to the Curriculum which is then developed in the RPS and teaching materials based on local wisdom. In the RPS and teaching materials, the values ​​of local wisdom that are to be developed are stated. Islamic history lecturers also use tools in the form of applications of active learning strategies to further maximize the integration of local wisdom and the learning objectives of Islamic history itself.

This research aims to find out what factors can influence the level of demand other than price in the North Sangatta main market. This type of research is field research, with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data collection techniques used in this research are interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis used in this research is qualitative descriptive, through several stages, the first stage is data reduction, the second stage is data presentation, and the final stage is drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that there are several factors that influence the level of demand from the consumer's point of view and the producer's point of view in the main market of North Sumatra. From the consumer's point of view, factors that influence the level of demand include the size and shape of goods or services, promotions and discounts, and income. monthly, from the producer's point of view, including consumer behavior (consumer tastes), quality of goods, certain seasons or weather, and prices of other goods.

The mosque is an emblem of Islamic cultural heritage and a place of worship for Muslims. It serves as a place for i'tikaf and prayer. This research sought to determine the extent of the role, function, and contribution of the Sunan Kudus mosque in preserving and developing Islamic culture in Ngadiluwih. It employs qualitative research methods and a historical and social approach. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and literature study. Data analysis involved gathering all of the data before reducing and classifying it and subsequently drawing conclusions. First, the study finds that the presence of the Sunan Kudus mosque has profoundly shaped the existence, culture, and symbols of Islam in Ngadiluwih. Second, the Sunan Kudus mosque, with all its activities, makes a major contribution to the surrounding community. Third, beyond its function on a small scale as a site of prayer, the mosque plays a role on a larger scale, namely as a hub for learning, teaching, discussions, recitation, social activities, and so on, tailored to the characteristics of the majority community.

Mount Merapi, Indonesia's most active volcano, poses significant threats to the Stabelan Hamlet situated nearby. This study delves into the community's indigenous knowledge, residing about 3 km from Mount Merapi's summit, in confronting volcanic eruption disasters. Employing qualitative methods, the research elucidates local customs and ancestral beliefs crucial for disaster readiness. Interviews provide primary data, complemented by secondary sources like journals and news. Employing purposive sampling, data analysis follows the Miles and Huberman model. Findings reveal the Stabelan Hamlet's adeptness in employing local wisdom like creating bonfires, maintaining calm during eruptions, and interpreting dreams as disaster coping mechanisms. This indigenous wisdom not only shapes preparedness but also preserves cultural heritage local wisdom, The community's receptiveness ensures the integration of traditional practices alongside contemporary disaster management strategies mandated by the government.

This study explores the discourse surrounding the Agus Salim donation controversy, focusing on how media narratives and legal rhetoric shape public perception. Drawing on two primary sources—articles from Brilio.net and KapanLagi.com—the research employs critical discourse analysis to examine the framing of key events, including allegations of donation mismanagement, legal strategies, and the public's reaction to the case. The findings reveal how media outlets construct competing narratives, emphasizing the roles of public figures, lawyers, and victims in influencing the discourse. By analyzing language use, power dynamics, and ideological positioning, this study highlights the interplay between legal rhetoric and public opinion in cases of social and moral significance. The research contributes to understanding how controversies are framed in digital media and their implications for justice and accountability in contemporary society.

Along the devolopement of times, technological advances have made changes, including in the field of clothing such as streetwear. This streetwear will be combined with batik materials and also added with manipulating fabric techniques, namely knife pleats and accordion pleats. The problem in this paper is how to apply manipulation of fabric knife pleats and accordion pleats on streetwear? This paper aims to determine the process of applying knife pleats and accordion pleats to streetwear. The method used is a qualitative research method. The process of applying fabric knife pleats and accordion pleats to streetwear begins with designing, measuring the body, making the patterns, forming knife pleats and accordion pleats, merging, to sewing. In making the design, the author combines materials, colors, and shapes. In making knife and accordion pleats, the author applies the same shaping technique but differs in size. Knife pleats will be applied to the wrapped skirt, while accordion pleats are applied to the inner garment. Based on the results of the research on the manipulation of fabric knife pleats and accordion pleats on streetwear that have been completed, the authors found several suggestions when making them, among them are, if you want to use knife pleats, it is better to use plain fabric so that the results of the pleats look clearer. When ironing, both knife pleats and accordion pleats can use the help of pins for a neater look.

The nurturing of church members plays a vital role in maintaining the relevance and sustainability of the church amidst various challenges in the modern world. Through proper nurturing, the foundation of faith is strengthened, Christian character is shaped, leadership is developed, and members’ participation in ministry is enhanced. In addressing the realities faced by the contemporary church, effective nurturing becomes a key solution to tackle issues such as individualism, secularism, cultural diversity, and moral crises. With a nurturing approach that is contextual and grounded in the Word of God, church members are equipped to be Christ’s witnesses who live with integrity in society. Therefore, the nurturing of church members not only supports spiritual growth but also ensures the church remains strong, relevant, and impactful in the world.  

This study aims to utilize QGIS as a spatial analysis tool to map the distribution of divorces based on economic factors and disputes in Surakarta City during the 2020–2023 period. The data used includes spatial data in the form of Surakarta City's administrative map in shapefile format and non-spatial data comprising the number of divorces obtained from BPS Surakarta. Non-spatial data were integrated into spatial data using the "join attribute" feature in QGIS. The analysis process was conducted using classification methods to identify areas with the highest divorce density. The findings reveal that divorces due to economic factors are concentrated in low-income areas, such as Banjarsari and Jebres, while divorces caused by disputes exhibit a more evenly distributed pattern. The thematic maps were then exported into GeoJSON format for implementation on an interactive website accessible to the public and policymakers. This study contributes to the utilization of GIS technology in supporting data-driven decision-making.

This study conducts a pragmatic analysis of the dialogue between characters in Ernest Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea," utilizing Grice's Cooperative Principle as a theoretical framework. By examining the interactions between Santiago and Manolin, the research highlights how conversational maxims: Quality, Quantity, Relation, and Manner shape their communication. The analysis reveals that while both characters generally adhere to these principles, occasional deviations occur, reflecting their emotional connections and the complexities of their relationship. This investigation not only enhances understanding of the characters' dynamics but also underscores the broader implications of pragmatic theory in literary dialogue. Ultimately, the findings demonstrate that effective communication transcends mere information exchange, emphasizing the importance of fostering relationships and emotional understanding in human interactions.  

The theme of God's provision in limitations is highly relevant to theology students, who often face various challenges in their academic and spiritual journeys. The story in 2 Kings 4:42-44, where the prophet Elisha distributes twenty barley loaves to a hundred people, provides a powerful illustration of how God can turn limitations into blessings. Theology students often feel inexperienced and limited in resources to serve the community, but Elisha's example teaches that intention and trust in God are far more important than the amount of resources one has. Limitations can also trigger a crisis of faith, especially when the demands of academics and daily life increase. Therefore, it is important for students to realize that limitations are not obstacles to God, but opportunities to experience His love and power. This paper aims to explore how God's provision in limitations can be the basis for learning faith that shapes the character and ministry of theology students. By understanding this concept, it is hoped that students can serve sincerely and trust in God in every aspect of their lives.

One of the areas of mathematics that studies the concept of flat and spatial shapes is geometry. Thus, in elementary school, geometry concepts are taught gradually in concrete, semi-concrete, and abstract forms. The research method using literature review. The results show that there are many reasons why many students in elementary school face difficulties in learning geometry materials. Therefore, this study will investigate the various reasons why students face difficulties in learning geometry materials.    

This research discusses the relationship between worship and noble behavior from both psychological and sociological perspectives, with the aim of identifying how worship, as a form of spriritual devotion, can influence individuals attitudes and  behavior in the context of their social life. From a psychological view point, worship is understood as one of the means to achieve psychological well-being, inner peace, and self-control. Regular worship practices, such as prayer, fasting, and dhikr, are expected to enhance positive emotional quality and reduce stress and anxiety. On the other, from a sociological perspective, worship has an important social dimension, as it shapes norms and values in society and strengthens relationships among individuals within the community. Using a theoretical approach and empirical study results, this article concludes that worship performed with full awareness and understanding can be a source of strength for developing noble behavior both psychologically and socially.

Christian religious education plays a crucial role in shaping the character and morals of the younger generation, where Christian Religious Education Teachers (PAK) bear a significant responsibility in instilling Christian values. This study aims to investigate the role of professional ethics in the implementation of the PAK teacher's code of ethics and how it can enhance the quality of Christian religious education, particularly in building positive teacher-student relationships. The methodology employed in this study is qualitative analysis with a hermeneutical approach, examining the text of the code of ethics and professional ethics based on Christian values. The findings of the study indicate that professional ethics is not merely an additional moral guideline, but a deeper foundation for understanding and applying the code of ethics in various situations. Professional ethics assists PAK teachers in maintaining integrity, professional honesty, and creating a conducive learning environment. Furthermore, this study discovered that the integration of professional ethics and the code of ethics can enhance the accountability of PAK teachers and overall improve the quality of education. The conclusion of this study affirms that the application of professional ethics grounded in Christian values is paramount for PAK teachers in fulfilling their duties, enabling them to shape a younger generation with noble character and a Pancasila spirit. This study contributes to the development of Christian religious education in Indonesia by emphasizing the importance of ethics in the teaching profession, creating a positive learning environment that supports students' spiritual growth.  

The supremacy of knowledge plays a central role in building Islamic civilization, both in classical and modern eras. This study aims to analyze the values of the supremacy of knowledge based on the perspectives of the Qur’an, Hadith, and the thoughts of classical scholars such as Al-Ghazali, Ibn Khaldun, and Al-Farabi. Additionally, this research explores the relevance of knowledge in addressing the challenges of globalization and the dynamics of the digital age. Using a descriptive qualitative research method, primary data consisting of Qur'anic verses, Hadith, and classical scholars' works are combined with secondary data, including books on the history of Islamic civilization, scholarly articles, and contemporary references. The research findings indicate that knowledge is regarded as the main pillar in building a civilization rooted in Islamic values. The Qur’an and Hadith explicitly position knowledge as both an obligation and a path to the glory of individuals and society. The thoughts of classical scholars highlight the importance of integrating religious knowledge and general knowledge to create a balance between worldly and spiritual happiness. In the modern era, the supremacy of knowledge remains relevant as a tool to address the challenges of globalization, particularly through the use of technology and innovation based on Islamic values. This study concludes that the synergy between religious knowledge and modern science can shape a progressive and morally upright Islamic civilization. Knowledge not only serves as a medium for social transformation but also as a spiritual foundation for building a resilient Muslim identity in the contemporary era. The relevance of the values of the supremacy of knowledge provides a strategic guide for Muslims to contribute to global civilization without losing the essence of Islam.