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The instability of the climate is becoming increasingly prominent across Southeast Asia, creating uncertainty in agricultural systems that are highly dependent on seasonal weather patterns. Indonesia, where rice remains the primary staple food, is particularly vulnerable to the effects of rising temperatures and rainfall deficits. This study applies the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model to predict rice production while incorporating indicators of extreme climate anomalies. Using publicly available datasets, including FAOSTAT production statistics, NOAA rainfall and temperature anomalies, and climate indices from the World Bank, this model was developed following the Box-Jenkins procedure. Among the configurations tested, the SARIMA model (1,1,1)(0,1,1)₁₂ showed the strongest performance, reflected in a MAPE of 4.62% and low RMSE values. The model indicates that significant El Niño events can reduce annual rice production by 3–7%, while wetter La Niña conditions may support production recovery. These findings highlight the importance of integrating climate-sensitive data into agricultural forecasting. The model presented here could support early warning systems, adaptive farming strategies, and long-term food security planning in Indonesia.

Rice production remains a strategic component in supporting local food security, yet its performance is strongly influenced by the heterogeneity of farmers' characteristics. This study aims to describe the characteristics of rice farmers in Tonra District and analyze their implications for the formulation of agricultural extension programs. Using a descriptive quantitative approach with 100 respondents selected proportionally from eleven villages, the research examines key variables including land size, seed use, fertilizer application, age, education level, and farming experience. The findings reveal clear variations in productivity among farmers, where higher production is generally associated with larger landholding, optimal input use, productive age groups, higher educational attainment, and moderate farming experience. These patterns highlight how farmers' demographic and agronomic characteristics shape their management capacity and adoption of recommended practices. The study emphasizes that extension programs must be designed based on farmers’ actual profiles to enhance relevance and effectiveness. Tailored strategies—such as visual communication for low-education groups, mechanization support for senior farmers, and input-use optimization training—are necessary to improve productivity outcomes. The results provide an important basis for developing more targeted, responsive, and sustainable agricultural extension programming at the district level.

This study examines the Lom Plai tradition of the Dayak Wehea community from the perspective of Catholic inculturation theology. Although this tradition has been widely studied from an anthropological perspective, no research has specifically examined the meaning of its values, symbols, and rituals in the light of inculturation. Therefore, this study is important to see the possibility of dialogue between the Gospel and local culture. The purpose of this study is to understand how elements of Lom Plai culture can be interpreted and processed within the framework of inculturation theology and how the values ​​contained therein can enrich the pastoral life of the community. The study uses a literature review method with a qualitative-contextual theological approach through analysis of theological literature, Church documents, and ethnographic studies of the Dayak Wehea. The research findings indicate that the values ​​of harvest gratitude, respect for the land, community solidarity, and symbols such as rice and thanksgiving rituals are aligned with Christian spirituality and have the potential to be integrated into pastoral practice. The implications of this study emphasize the need for ongoing discernment so that the inculturation process runs authentically, enriches the community's faith, and maintains the cultural identity of the Wehea community.  

Along with the development of the times and increasingly competitive market demands, there is an urgent need to develop post-harvest handling strategies based on technological innovation, strengthening farmer capacity, and developing supporting infrastructure in Makale District. This strategy not only aims to reduce the level of yield loss, but also increase product added value, expand market access, and encourage agricultural-based regional economic growth. This study uses the SWOT Analysis Method used to evaluate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the implementation of rice post-harvest handling strategies. The results of this analysis can be used to formulate recommendations for more effective and sustainable strategies for farmers and other stakeholders. The results of the study by carrying out a SWOT analysis include strengths including long experience, farmer group socialization, quality awareness, weaknesses including dominant age old, limited capital, traditional methods, high yield loss, opportunities including government programs, local rice demand, the role of extension workers, the availability of appropriate technology and Threats including extreme weather, competition with modern areas, limited infrastructure, low farmer regeneration. This study emphasizes the importance of transforming harvest-post-harvest practices from traditional to semi-modern based on farmer groups. A combination of training, provision of tools and ongoing support is essential to reduce yield losses, improve grain quality and maintain agricultural sustainability in Tana Toraja.

Indonesia is known as an agrarian country with abundant natural resources; however, challenges remain in achieving food security, particularly in rice production. Bagok Village, East Barito Regency, Central Kalimantan, has considerable potential for rice cultivation, yet farmers face constraints such as limited knowledge of cultivation practices, restricted access to technology, and insufficient training or extension support. This study aims to analyze the improvement of farmers’ knowledge after participating in technology transfer activities. A qualitative approach supported by quantitative data was employed, with data collected through observation, interviews, focus group discussions, questionnaires, and documentation. Data were analyzed using a process of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show significant improvements in farmers’ knowledge across three key aspects: rice cultivation based on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) increased by 57.6%, water management by 54.98%, and pest and disease control by 35%. These findings highlight the importance of continuous and participatory training to encourage the adoption of agricultural innovations. Overall, technology transfer activities have proven effective in strengthening farmers’ capacity to manage rice fields more efficiently, thereby supporting national food security efforts.

The Community Service Program (KKN) in Pematang Kasih Village, Pantai Cermin District, focused on the construction of owl houses (RUBUHA) as an environmentally friendly effort to control rice field rats. The background to this activity was the high level of rat infestation that was detrimental to local farmers' rice harvests and the excessive use of chemical pesticides, which had the potential to negatively impact human health and ecosystem balance. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through direct observation in agricultural fields, interviews with farmer groups, and documentation of the owl house construction process. The results showed that the village community responded positively to this program because the use of owls as natural predators was proven to be more effective in controlling the rat pest population while reducing dependence on chemical pesticides. In addition, this program also increased public awareness of the importance of ecologically based pest control and preserving biodiversity. With the owl houses built around rice fields, it is hoped that a sustainable agricultural pattern can be created that supports the welfare of farmers while preserving the environment.

Seeds that have exceeded their shelf life generally experience a decline in physiological quality, particularly in terms of viability and vigor. This study aims to determine the viability and vigor levels of several rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties of Foundation Seeds (Benih Pokok/BP) after surpassing their shelf life. The tested varieties included Inpari 16, Inpari 42, Inpari 45, Sunggal, Memberamo, and Ciherang, obtained from Wonoketro Village, Jetis Subdistrict, Ponorogo Regency. The study was conducted through standard laboratory testing for germination rate and vigor. Results showed a decrease in germination capacity across all varieties, with varying degrees of decline. Inpari 45 showed a germination rate of 39%, Memberamo 33.67%, Sunggal 26.33%, and Ciherang 15.67%, compared to the initial value of 92%. These differences indicate that each variety responds differently to aging and storage conditions. The findings serve as a basis for decision-making regarding the use of expired seeds and are important for seed management in the field.

The agricultural sector plays a strategic role in ensuring national food security, particularly in rural areas where the majority of the population depends on agricultural production. Sememu Village, an agricultural-based community with rice and tobacco as its primary commodities, has faced recurring pest attacks in recent years. Conventional pest control methods in the area have primarily relied on chemical pesticides. However, excessive and prolonged use of these chemicals has resulted in serious problems, including pest resistance, environmental contamination, and potential health risks to farmers and consumers. This study aims to improve farmers’ knowledge and practical skills by introducing an alternative, eco-friendly approach through a training program on the production of botanical pesticides derived from papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.). Papaya leaves are known to contain bioactive compounds such as papain, chymopapain, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, which exhibit natural insecticidal properties. The training activities consisted of initial observation, presentation of scientific and practical materials, hands-on practice in the preparation of botanical pesticides, and field testing on rice and tobacco plants. The findings demonstrated that the use of papaya leaf-based pesticides effectively reduced pest feeding activity and increased pest mortality rates, thereby minimizing crop damage. Importantly, this approach did not cause harmful effects on the surrounding ecosystem. The program highlights the potential of botanical pesticides as a sustainable solution for integrated pest management in agricultural villages, contributing both to environmental conservation and farmers’ welfare.

Bekasam is a traditional Indonesian fermented product made from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through a spontaneous fermentation process with the addition of rice and salt. This fermentation process encourages the growth of various microorganisms, especially bacteria, which play a role in the formation of flavor, aroma, and natural preservation of the product. This study aims to observe the microbiological characteristics of bekasam tilapia through colony observation on agar media and microscopic staining using crystal violet and safranin. Macroscopic observations showed the presence of microbial colonies that were round, cloudy white, with a smooth surface and even edges. These colony characteristics indicate good microbial growth on agar media. Microscopically, the bacteria observed in bekasam samples had an irregular distribution, forming aggregates that absorbed intense purple and pink colors. Crystal violet staining gave a purple color to gram-positive bacteria, while safranin gave a pink color to gram-negative bacteria. These findings indicate that bekasam contains an active microbial community that plays a role in the fermentation process. This microbial community can be observed visually through simple staining that provides an overview of the types of bacteria involved in the fermentation process. Microbiological analysis such as this is crucial for understanding the fermentation dynamics of traditional food products like bekasam. Thus, this study provides deeper insight into the microorganisms involved in bekasam production, as well as the importance of monitoring microbiological quality in the manufacturing process of traditional fermented products. Furthermore, the diversity of microbes involved in bekasam fermentation can affect product quality and consistency. Therefore, monitoring the dominant bacterial species during the fermentation process is crucial for maintaining bekasam quality, including its taste, texture, and safety for consumers.

Pesidi Village, located in Grabag Subdistrict, Magelang Regency, is a highland region with promising potential in agriculture and livestock, particularly sheep farming. However, one of the major challenges faced by local farmers is the limited availability of forage during the dry season, coupled with the low utilization of agricultural by-products such as rice straw. These constraints often hinder livestock productivity and pose risks to feed security. To address this issue, a community service program was conducted with the aim of introducing and demonstrating local-based feed processing technologies, including silage, ammoniation, and Urea Mineral Block (UMB) production. The activity was implemented in several stages: problem identification, socialization, education, training, and monitoring of farmer implementation. Through this participatory approach, farmers were given hands-on training and practical guidance on processing alternative feed sources to ensure the availability of nutritious and sustainable livestock feed. The results showed that farmers began adopting UMB as a feed supplement due to its practicality and visible benefits in maintaining livestock health and productivity. However, silage and ammoniation methods were not yet widely adopted, mainly due to limited experience, lack of supporting equipment, and the perception that the processes were relatively complex. Despite these challenges, the program succeeded in raising farmer awareness of the importance of feed diversification and the optimization of agricultural waste. The training provided valuable insights into how the integration of silage, ammoniation, and UMB can increase feed efficiency, reduce dependency on fresh forage, and support sustainable livestock management. The implementation of these three technologies holds significant potential to enhance sheep farming productivity in rural highland communities, while simultaneously strengthening food security and supporting environmentally friendly agricultural practices.

Black sticky rice tapai is a traditional Indonesian fermented food that has long been consumed by the public for its distinctive taste and high cultural value. However, with the increasing demand for functional foods and natural-based products that can support health, attention for black sticky rice tapai has shifted from being simply a traditional food to an object of scientific study in the nutraceutical field. Black sticky rice, the basic ingredient for tapai, contains important bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, B-complex vitamins, and soluble fiber, which have been shown to play a role in lowering cholesterol levels, inhibiting LDL cholesterol oxidation, and increasing HDL cholesterol levels in the blood. The fermentation process further enhances the biological activity of these compounds, making black sticky rice tapai have a higher therapeutic value than ordinary black sticky rice. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of black sticky rice tapai as a natural, tradition-based solution for lowering cholesterol levels, while also supporting the development of local foods into modern health products that are safe, effective, and affordable. The study was conducted using a descriptive literature review method of various scientific articles, textbooks, and relevant research results that discuss the nutritional content of black sticky rice, the benefits of fermentation, and the effect of active components on lipid metabolism. The study results show that regular consumption of black glutinous rice tapai has the potential to lower total and LDL cholesterol levels and increase HDL through a combination of antioxidant effects, cholesterol binding by fiber, and increased fat excretion. In addition, the potential of black glutinous rice tapai as a nutraceutical is also relevant in supporting the preservation of local-based culture and food independence.

The community service program in Kemiri Village aims to empower farmers through the use of local potential, especially moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera), as raw materials for liquid organic fertilizer (POC). This activity was carried out with a participatory and educational approach that directly involved farmer groups in technical training on making POC through simple fermentation methods using natural ingredients such as moringa leaves, rice washing water, organic waste, and local decomposers. Through this activity, farmers are taught stages ranging from the collection of ingredients, the process of shredding moringa leaves, mixing with complementary ingredients, to the correct fermentation techniques to produce high-quality fertilizer. The training is carried out by field demonstration methods, discussions, and hands-on practice, so that farmers not only gain theoretical knowledge, but also practical skills that can be applied independently. The results show a significant increase in farmers' knowledge, skills, and awareness of the importance of liquid organic fertilizer as an environmentally friendly alternative. In addition, the public's enthusiasm is getting higher after seeing real evidence that the use of POC moringa leaves is able to increase plant growth, crop quality, and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers which are increasingly expensive and have the potential to damage the soil. This program not only provides economic benefits through the cost efficiency of agricultural production, but also has a positive impact on environmental conservation. This activity is expected to be a model of community empowerment based on local potential that can be replicated in other regions with similar conditions. The success of the program shows that simple innovations that utilize local resources, if managed well, can support sustainable agriculture and food security for rural communities.

The Rice Bowl (Nasi Mangkok) culinary business in Indonesia has experienced rapid growth after the COVID-19 pandemic and has become a key part of the modern food industry, meeting consumer demand for convenience and taste. Since 2020, rice bowl sales have continued to rise annually, driven by shifting consumption habits toward food delivery services like GoFood and GrabFood. Despite this trend, academic studies on the rice bowl business remain limited. Classified as convenience food, rice bowl consumption has increased by over 10% from 2019 to the projected figures in 2025. Sales volume has risen from 1.5 billion portions in 2020 to over 3 billion in 2025, with an annual growth rate of 10–15% and estimated revenues between IDR 15–20 trillion per year. With rising demand, many rice bowl brands have entered the market. However, consumers often struggle to decide which brand to choose, as purchasing decisions are influenced by multiple factors. This study analyzes consumer behavior influencing rice bowl purchasing decisions, focusing on cultural, social, psychological, and personal factors, with a case study in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. Using an explanatory research design, the study surveyed 161 consumers across four sales locations.The F-test results show that all four variables simultaneously have a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions (at the 99% confidence level). However, the t-test results reveal that the cultural factor (X1) negatively influences purchasing decisions, while social, psychological, and personal factors have a positive impact. Among these, the psychological factor (X3) is the most dominant, highlighting the importance of consumer motivation and perception in shaping buying behavior. Enhancing this factor can support the sustainable growth of rice bowl businesses in Sidoarjo.

Indonesia is a country inhabited by the largest Muslim population in the world. The need for halal products is also very important for the running of a Muslim's life. Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays a major role in biotechnology, both traditional and modern such as in genetic engineering techniques. The purpose of this practicum is to find out how to make sticky rice tape and to determine the effect of yeast concentration on the level of sweetness of the sticky rice tape produced. These microbes have long been used in making long-lasting food. Examples of halal products include bread, tape and bioethanol. Meanwhile, haram products include intoxicating drinks such as sake. Modern biotechnology supports environmentally friendly bioethanol production.

This study examines the dilemma of rice import policy in Indonesia within the context of international trade and food security challenges. Rice, as a strategic commodity, holds significant social, economic, and political value, making import policies highly influential on price stability, farmers’ welfare, and national food security. The research identifies that import policies are often misaligned with domestic needs due to weak inter-institutional coordination, data inaccuracies, and pressures from political and business interests. As a result, import policies frequently create imbalances between the interests of consumers, traders, and local farmers, while also reducing the competitiveness of domestic rice due to inefficiencies in the distribution chain and post-harvest infrastructure. This study emphasizes the importance of data-based, transparent, and farmer-protective governance of rice import policies to strengthen national food security amid global trade liberalization pressures. hain, trade liberalization.

The agricultural sector is one of the most important sectors. The majority of rice paddies serve as the main food commodity consumed by the community, making rice farming the majority in the agricultural sector. However, there are challenges in production such as low agricultural efficiency, limited access to resources, and dependence on traditional techniques. Therefore, strategies are needed to improve rice production that can impact the welfare and economy of farmers. The goal of this research is to analyze the condition of rice farming in Banten, specifically in Ciruas. It aims to identify the problems affecting production as well as the efforts that have been made by the government previously. Additionally, the research will provide strategies that are appropriate for increasing production yields and improving the welfare and economy of farmers. In this study, a qualitative research method was used with SWOT analysis method, along with data collection through primary data in the form of interviews and secondary data in the form of a Literature Review. The results showed that rice production in Banten declined to 298.84 thousand hectares and 1.52 million tons of GKG in 2024, but Ciruas District remains a rice granary despite facing many problems such as pests, low selling prices, drought, and extreme weather. Although various efforts have been made, such as training, provision of equipment, and water pumps, a SWOT analysis is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of strategies and plan alternative actions to improve farmers' production yields. Thus, through the SWOT analysis method, it is hoped that paddy field production will increase sustainably, thereby supporting food security and the economic welfare of rural communities in Banten and Ciruas District.

Jamalsari Village has rich local potentials, including natural tourism, agriculture, and traditional culture. Unfortunately, these potentials have not been optimally managed, and as a result, they have not significantly contributed to the community’s welfare. In response to this issue, a community service program was conducted with the goal of empowering the residents in developing tourism and creative economies based on local potentials. The approach used was participatory, where the community was actively involved in every stage of the activity, from identifying potentials and problems to training, mentoring, and evaluating the outcomes. Key activities in this program included training local tour guides to enhance residents' capacity in welcoming tourists, homestay management training as a form of community-based accommodation, and training on processing local products such as cassava chips and opak (crispy rice cakes). In addition, the community was encouraged to utilize social media as a promotional tool for products and tourist destinations. The results of these activities showed an increase in the community’s capacity and awareness in managing the village’s potential. The establishment of the Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) became one of the success indicators, where this group actively managed tourism activities independently. Furthermore, several prototypes of creative economy products have been successfully produced and widely recognized through digital promotion. This program successfully encouraged active participation from the community in promoting and managing the village as a local wisdom-based tourist destination. The success of this initiative shows that community empowerment oriented towards local potential can be an effective and sustainable approach, with the potential to serve as a replicable model for other villages with similar characteristics. Additionally, with this program, the community began to have a better understanding of the importance of environmental sustainability and cultural preservation in tourism development. This program also opened new opportunities for improving the residents’ economy, creating jobs, and reducing dependence on less sustainable economic sectors.

Food is a basic need that must be met by every individual. In Indonesia, rice is still the main staple food, but the shift in consumption to rice and wheat which are imported foodstuffs raises concerns about food security. Therefore, the development of local food alternatives such as MOCAF (Modified Cassava Flour) flour from cassava is important. In this practicum, MOCAF flour was made through a cassava fermentation process, followed by making onion cakes using the MOCAF flour. Organoleptic tests and XRF tests were carried out to evaluate the quality of MOCAF flour. The results of the practicum showed that the substitution of MOCAF flour in making onion cakes can produce low-gluten products that have the potential to be a sustainable food alternative.

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of rice production in Tasikmalaya City during the period 2020 to 2025, as well as identify challenges and formulate relevant strategies in order to support national food self-sufficiency. The approach used is descriptive qualitative by utilizing secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and various policy documents and relevant scientific studies. The results of the study indicate that rice production in Tasikmalaya City experiences fluctuations influenced by natural factors, policies, and pressure on agricultural land. The main challenges faced include land conversion, limited technology, and farmer access to training and financing. To overcome this, the proposed strategy includes protecting agricultural land, increasing farmer capacity, and strengthening agricultural institutions and infrastructure. This study makes an important contribution to efforts to increase regional rice production in supporting national food security in a sustainable manner.

Flakes are flat shaped ready-to-eat food and usually served by adding milk for the breakfast menu as alternatif besides rice. Flakes usually made from high-carbohydrate foods such as corn, rice and wheat. In This study, the flakes used arrowroot starch, soybean flour and emprit ginger extract. The purpose of this study was to determine the formulation of arrowroot starch and soybean flour with the addition of ginger extract. Arrowroot and the soybean flour were source of protein and fiber. Flake were design to have higher protein and fiber. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors, the first factor was the ratio of arrowroot starch and soybean flour (90:10 , 85:15 , 80:20). The second factor was the percentage of ginger extract (10, 15, and 20%). The results of study showed that the ratio of arrowroot starch and soybean flour 80:20 with the addition 15% ginger extract was the best flakes formulation. The flake contain 2.62% moisture, 1.73% of ash, 7.53% of fat, 9.58% protein, 9.62% crude fiber, 78,55% carbohydrate. The organoleptic (triangle) test reported that 11 panelists stated that there was a ginger taste in the flakes and 9 panelists stated that the flakes having ginger like aroma. Using arrowroot and soybean flour could improve the nutrition properties of the flakes. Consuming flake with high protein was important to support days.