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The history and development of waqf in Islam is a reflection of the deep social, humanitarian and religious values in Islamic teachings. Over the course of its history, waqf has become one of the main pillars of Islamic civilization, making a significant contribution to the development of education, health, culture and social services throughout the Muslim world. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach based on data sources from literature studies and observations. The aim of this research is to provide information regarding the history and development of waqf. The results of the research explain that waqf already existed during the time of the Prophet and then during the time of Khulafaur Rasyidin, the Islamic Dynasties. As well as the development of the waqf era in various countries.

The history and development of waqf in Islam is a reflection of the deep social, humanitarian and religious values in Islamic teachings. Over the course of its history, waqf has become one of the main pillars of Islamic civilization, making a significant contribution to the development of education, health, culture and social services throughout the Muslim world. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach based on data sources from literature studies and observations. The aim of this research is to provide information regarding the history and development of waqf. The results of the research explain that waqf already existed during the time of the Prophet and then during the time of Khulafaur Rasyidin, the Islamic Dynasties. As well as the development of the waqf era in various countries.

This research aims to increase students' reading literacy through the application of the problem based learning model in class V of SD Negeri 010 Talontam for the 2022/2023 academic year. This research is classroom action research which was carried out in 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 23 fifth grade students at SD Negeri 010 Talontam for the 2022/2023 academic year. Research data was obtained through tests. The increase in Reading Literacy is shown by the increase in the average percentage of students' reading literacy which increased from 46.52% in the pre-cycle to 56.52% in the first cycle, and then to 76.52% in the second cycle. This shows an increase in reading literacy. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the problem based learning method used in class V of SD Negeri 010 Talontam for the 2022/2023 academic year has improved students' reading literacy skills.

This research uses qualitative methods with semiotic analysis from Roland Barhes. Semiotics is a method for analyzing signs to find meaning in social and cultural phenomena. The aim of this research is to find out what visual meaning is contained in the Ichsan Gorontalo University logo which is used as an agency identity in terms of denotation, connotation and myth. Corporate identity is a reflection of the vision and mission which are visualized through the logo. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, namely the data collected is in the form of words and images. With the right logo, the message regarding the company's desired identity can be represented effectively. Data collection techniques use documentation/library techniques and observation. The results of this research will explain the meaning of the Ichsan Gorontalo University logo which has signs/symbols and colors that will be differentiated based on Roland Barthes' approach.

The goal to be achieved is to find out the use of spin wheel learning media on heroism material on class learning outcomes. This research is class action research (action research). This research was conducted in the form of cycles, each cycle consisting of several components, namely the stages of preparation, planning, implementation of action, observation and monitoring, reflection, evaluation and revision and conclusion of the results. The data validation process is carried out by asking for an assessment of experts and practitioners regarding the content and outline of the written test which is used as a data collection tool, so that the tool is used to measure student abilities. The use of the spin wheel learning model is proven to improve student learning outcomes. The learning process on the subject matter of heroism from the aspects of teachers and students can be achieved because from cycle to cycle there is reflection and improvement through good collaboration between researchers and observers. This result can be achieved because of this cooperation in designing, implementing, observing, and reflecting on cycles for two cycles. Improving mathematics learning outcomes through the spin wheel learning model in heroism material can be achieved.

Mathematics is a scientific field that investigates formless structures and forms of interaction within them. Mathematical interaction is a powerful tool used to express mathematical opinions verbally or in writing. The Think-Talk-Write (TTW) learning approach is designed to facilitate the construction, reflection, and organization of new mathematical views. This study aims to explore the efficacy of using TTW learning examples as a tactic to enhance the quality of students' mathematical communication, and to assess the impact of this approach. In order to achieve these goals, researchers used classroom action research in two stages of testing. The study involved 21 students in grade VIII at SMP Parulian 1 Medan. The initial ability test revealed that the students' mathematical communication ability scores were 34.2%. After conducting test activities in cycle I, the average mathematical communication ability of students rose to 36.8%. In the second cycle (II), the percentage result increased to 88%. The results of the research demonstrate that students in Class VIII at SMP Parulian 1 Medan experience a significant improvement in their mathematical communication skills through learning via the Think-Talk-Write model. We can conclude that this approach is an effective way to enhance students' mathematical communication skills.    

Nowadays, food and beverage products are widely circulated in society. In the era of globalization of society, the traffic of goods including food/drinks across countries is not guaranteed to be halal. Even though religious obligations command us to consume halal food/drinks. With the existence of Law no. 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantees and Government Regulation no. 39 of 2021 shows that there is legal certainty in the implementation of Halal Product guarantees. The problem is how to theoretically and empirically study the implementation of halal product guarantees from an Indonesian legal perspective. The research methods are normative juridical and sociological. The research results show that theoretically, the implementation of halal product guarantees is based on Law no. 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantees reflects legal norms originating from God's Law (God Order), namely from the Al-Qur'an and Hadith, and has long been practiced in people's lives as a reflection of a person's or society's religious awareness. The process shows a circle of interaction that ends with the Halal Product Guarantee Law. Empirical studies explain that the implementation of halal product guarantees has been going on in people's lives for a long time so that it functions to create legal certainty, comfort and justice for the user community as well as realizing beneficial values for economic growth and community welfare. The existence of statutory regulations, legal institutions and public awareness of halal product guarantees are elements of a legal system. Empirical studies explain that the economic subsystem played by business actors has great energy to adapt quickly and utilize legal regulations and community culture to expand and develop their business. Keywords: Halal, Products, Law and Society  

Bureaucratic reform is one of the government's efforts to realize good governance and carry out reforms and fundamental changes in the governance system, especially from the institutional (organizational) aspects, management and human resources apparatus. Bureaucratic reform is the basis for changes in the life of the nation and state. Through bureaucratic reform, the provision of an efficient and effective government management system can be carried out. Public service is a reflection of the bureaucratic condition of a region, because public service is directly related to the real needs of the community and the government's role is to provide the needs of the public service itself. The protection of women and children from acts of violence is part of the public services provided by the government for women and children victims of violence. Violence against women and children is one of the issues that is of concern to the government. There is a trend of increasing cases of violence against women and children. The increase in incidents of violence has provided a solid basis for the government and stakeholders to accelerate progress on reducing violence against women and children.Protection of women and children as part of public services carried out by the government in the implementation of bureaucratic reform is carried out according to applicable regulations, to optimize the function of services for protecting women and children, it is necessary to optimize the role of service implementers, implementing human resources who have competence, collaboration of all relevant stakeholders, preparing tools which will serve as a guideline and carry out monitoring and evaluation functions.

The findings and analysis of the research are, 1) The Principal's Performance in Fostering Teacher Professionalism at UPT SD Negeri 141 Gresik includes: peer tutor assistance, training and workshops, mentoring and collaboration, observation and feedback, curriculum development, research and innovation, use of technology, discussion and reflection, qualification improvement, and career plan development; 2) Forms of teacher professionalism include: continuous development, commitment to students, reflection and renewal, professional ethics, collaboration, involvement in decision-making, use of technology, effective classroom management, monitoring and evaluation of students, communication with parents, development of learning materials, career development, and involvement in school activities; 3) Supporting factors include: school management support, resources, school culture, effective communication, professional development programs, constructive performance appraisal, rewards and recognition, understanding of teachers' needs; and inhibiting factors include: limited resources, resistance to change, unclear vision and goals, internal conflicts, time pressure, curriculum incompatibility, high administrative demands, uncertainty of the school environment. In general, school principals must provide professional services in the field of education in order to organize the educational process effectively and efficiently.    

Social integration is a unitary condition of living together from various socio-cultural system units, ethnic groups and communities to interact and work together. Social integration as a reflection of the quality of this relationship, if applied to business actors, will increase the value chain for their business. So that the purpose of implementing this program is to create superior milkfish products through the creation of "Social Integration Empowerment" for business groups in Semarang City through the establishment of "Semarang Milkfish Industrial Community". So it is hoped that it can develop synergy between entrepreneurs and community support for the creation of superior products in the region. The program implementation method begins with an integration process to form the Semarang Milkfish Industry community. Then analyze the problems being faced by the community through action research. The next step is to organize meetings which will be followed by building a common understanding, so that the problems that will be handled can be ascertained. Based on these problems, the team and the community will test the action/work program that will be carried out together. After the mutually agreed work program is implemented, the next stage is evaluation and reflection.

One of the work programs of KKN students batch 56 batch 20 UIN KH. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan is an ecoprint. The target of this activity is elementary school children and their age. This study aims to determine the application of children's creativity by utilizing natural potential through ecoprint activities and learning reflection tools that can create environmentally friendly products. The method used in this research is planting, socialization, and direct practice. This research took place in a collaborative manner which was attended by elementary school children and led by the KKN 56 Team of 20 UIN KH. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan. Observations in this study were carried out directly by observing elementary school children's activities in the coloring process using ecoprinting techniques and observing how ecoprinting activities can stimulate children's skills and creativity. Data collection is done by observation and documentation. The results of the study show that coloring activities using the ecoprint technique are learning innovations for children by utilizing natural potential to explore skills and creativity in children. In addition, natural materials that are around children can be an inspiration for children to learn how to create new products that are environmentally friendly.  

Tunneling construction is important to get more attention because considering the magnitude of the risks from this work such as the instability of the carrying capacity of the soil around the construction which can cause collapse during dredging or installation of tunneling walls, or and other problems such as lack of oxygen intake for workers who are carrying out tunneling excavations , the presence of toxic and flammable gases, or falling objects that can result in minor accidents or even death. The purpose of this study is to make a visual assessment through certain media (photos/videos) that can be done quickly regarding the existing conditions of the environment/work, whether the work carried out meets work safety standards, work safety regulations and so on. Rapid assessment can assume that what happened in the field at that time was a reflection of previous work. From the results of the study there were 58 variables which were divided into 4 main variables which were assessed based on the WBS and 26 photos of the environment of the Manikin Dam Tunneling development project taken from several sides. Calculations were made using the results of data from 6 informants, resulting in a P(H | Ecomb) value of 0.932 or a probability of 93.2%, which means that the tunnel work according to the 6 informants was carried out safely. The final value obtained from the analysis is almost close to 1 and all the results of the analysis from the 6 informants are more than 67%.

The traditional market is a reflection of the application of a very basic populist economy. Where buying and selling transactions are carried out by the community mostly independently by managing available resources, which include the livestock sector, agriculture, crafts, food, services, and so on. At the Liluwo traditional market there are many sellers of various kinds of needs, ranging from basic household needs, clothing, prepared food and raw materials such as fish and vegetables, to hair cutting services. The facilities at the Liluwo traditional  market are toilets, parking lots, prayer rooms. From the results of observations of researchers in the field, there has not been found a good sign system that helps make it easier for visitors. Some visitors, especially new prospective buyers, experience problems in finding a way/place to sell certain materials. From the problems mentioned above, the researchers plan to design a good sign system for the Liluwo traditional market to make it easier for buyers and sellers to carry out buying and selling activities. Apart from that, with a good sign system, the identity of the Liluwo traditional market will increase and can become an attraction in the eyes of the public.

Problem: "Efforts to Improve Class I Reading Skills Using Letter Card Media at SDN BANYUBUNIH 1" The purpose of this study was to: improve reading skills by using letter cards for first grade students at SDN BANYUBUNIH 1 Academic Year 2023/2024. This research was conducted through PTK method. The action of this research was carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, observation of learning activities, and reflection. The targets of this study were first grade students at SDN BANYUBUNIH 1. Data collection techniques and observation sheets for teaching and learning activities. From the results of the analysis it was found that student learning outcomes had increased. The results of the study show that in this letter card media it can be carried out directly into Indonesian language learning. With the use of letter card media, the reading skills of grade I students at SDN BANYUBUNIH 1 can improve.

Elderly is a man or woman who has entered the age of 60 years accompanied by various declines in physical condition, decreased function of the body's organs, and decreased function of the brain. The elderly population is increasing globally. Service activities aim to empower the elderly through elderly gymnastics as an effort to improve physical health in supporting the Tangguh elderly. The method of activity in this service involves 5 students of midwifery Akbid Batari Toja. The service implementation adopts action research steps which consist of 4 (four) stages, namely: planning, action, observation and evaluation, and reflection. Evaluation of the results of the conclusion, namely the implementation of community service with a series of activities, namely checking blood pressure and exercising for the elderly. Before being given information regarding elderly exercise, all 28 elderly participants did not know about elderly exercise movements. After being given information on elderly gymnastic movements, as many as 25 elderly people followed the gymnastic movements and did them correctly. Based on the results of blood pressure checks, it was found that 7 elderly people had high blood pressure ≥ 140/100, the community service team recommended carrying out examinations at the nearest health center, advising them to consume lots of vegetables and fruit and routinely doing elderly exercises.

The community service carried out in Pelutan village aims to train participants to have the knowledge and information to do troubleshooting or detect motorbike damage. To achieve this goal, training was carried out using the counseling method by delivering material on troubleshooting and how to handle motorcycle damage. The activity was attended by 18 participants. Methods of implementing activities include: preparation, implementation, and reflection. Preparation is carried out by analyzing the problems and needs of the training participants. The implementation of the activity is carried out using the lecture method (question and answer) followed by a reflection stage. The end result of the community service activity is that participants can troubleshoot motorcycle damage and know how to handle it. The results of the analysis of the activity reflection questionnaire are as follows: 1) Understanding of troubleshooting material scores 92 %; 2) The benefits of the activity material presented with a score of 90%; 3) The level of pleasure or satisfaction of participants in the activity gets a score of 80%. Based on the reflection data of community service activities, it was concluded that the implementation of community service received a good response, hoping for further follow-up.

One of the goals of learning Indonesian is that students can write. Writing is an activity of expressing ideas that are in the mind which are obtained through reading, speaking, and listening activities which are described in a word to become a sentence. One of the abilities that students must have in learning Indonesian is writing review texts. The review text is one of the texts that is learned in class XI at the senior high school level. Writing review texts has not obtained optimal results following the minimum school completeness criteria. So we need a learning model that can facilitate students, namely the cooperative integrated reading and composition (CIRC) learning model. The purpose of this study was to obtain results of improving the ability to write review texts through the cooperative integrated reading and composition (CIRC) learning model. SMAN 1 Saradan became the research location. As many as 28 students in class XI MIPA 3 in the 2022/2023 school year were the subjects of the study. Classroom Action Research (PTK) is a research design that goes through four research steps namely planning (plan), action (action), observation (observation), and reflection through two cycles. Tests and observations become instruments in research. Data analysis was carried out through a qualitative approach by calculating the class average value using the percentage of classical completeness. Students who get a KKM score of ≥75 are declared complete. The results of the study were that the ability to write review texts without going through cooperative integrated reading and composition (CIRC) at SMAN 1 Saradan was 82.2, meaning that there were 23 whose grades did not exceed the KKM. While the results of the study were able to write review texts through cooperative reading and composition (CIRC) in cycle I 67.9% or 19 students in the less category. Whereas after being given cycle II it showed a result of 3.6% or 1 student in the less category. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that students' ability to write review texts through cooperative integrated reading and composition (CIRC) can be increased.  

This research is mainly intended to reveal the old southern pride reflected in the characteristics of Amanda, a southern lady. In conducting this research, the writer uses qualitative research, in which the data are collected in the form of words and the writer is the key instrument. The data were taken from the work itself and other relevant books supporting the data. In analyzing the data, the writer uses a mimetic approach, which considers that literary work is a reflection and imitation of aspects of the universe. The result of this research shows that in the southern part of America before the Civil War, there was a custom called "southern gentility." This is one of the aristocratic values that consists of the manner of speech, the way of wearing the clothes, and the manner of treating the caller: the way to welcome and praise the gentleman caller, his wealth, and his beauty. This southern gentility represents old southern pride or honor. These values are reflected in Amanda’s attitude as an old southerner. However, a change in period is followed by a change in values; the aristocratic values mentioned above are no longer all relevant to the new South's way of life because they faded away after the Civil War in 1861-1865. Amanda, as an old southerner, has always held these values; however, realizing that they are no longer applicable in the present, she attempts to adapt the new southern values. Yet, she is too late to adjust because her son, who possesses new southern values, refuses to accept her advice, so he runs away.

This research intends to find out the struggle of Afro-American women against discrimination in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple. This research is qualitative, which means that the data are in the form of words; thus, the data came from the novel and other books that are relevant to this research. A mimetic approach is used in data analysis to unearth the literary work as an imitation or reflection of aspects of human life, such as sociological, historical, or psychological background that is related to the topic. The result shows that the Afro-American women that are pictured in Celie’s life should struggle against both white and black discrimination. The whites did not accept the existence of the blacks and treated them cruelly through violence, rape, and murder. On the other side, the black man oppressed the Afro-American woman through sex abuse, physical abuse, and economic depression. The black women were living under the protection of men. However, their protection is no better than dominance and subservience. Even though Celie was treated abruptly and disrespectfully by her father and her husband, she could face it bravely, increasing her knowledge and insights, achieving financial success, and being happy in her life. Therefore, she achieves self-esteem, self-acceptance, economic independence, and, above all, freedom for the whole of her life. This is the realization of African American women's desire to gain recognition as individuals who deserve fair and equal treatment.

This study aims to determine the interest and quality of the English teaching and learning process of students, especially in listening skills.  Knowing interests is carried out through the use of audio-visual media with role-playing methods that are expected to provide opportunities for the creation of pleasant learning conditions.  Thisclass obtained optimal results where students who were interested in taking English lessons could increase significantly. This research is in the form of Class Action Research  which is carried out using VCD media, which consists of four stages: planning, implementing actions, observation, and reflection. Actions can be done by applying learning with audio-visual media and continued with role-playing methods. This research was conducted on 11 students of class X 1 SMKS Generus Bangsa. Responses to the progress of student interest are obtained from the results of student questionnaires, student interviews, student learning logs, observations, interviews between teachers, teacher journals, daily test results and assignments. Instrument validation is carried out with critical reflection between research teachers and face validity. Data validation is carried out by triangulating observations from the aspects of students, teachers and partner teachers. The results of each cycle reflection are used to plan further steps.