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Early childhood is a golden age, where the formation of behavior begins at that time, because it can influence subsequent growth and development. The implementation of education for all groups and pathways requires good management, especially the classroom environment in early childhood. The environment is very important for children to receive education which must be planned and utilized to be able to support the achievement of children's learning outcomes. An indoor environment is a learning environment that is in a room, such as in a classroom, and is provided by the school for students to study. The problem in this research is about implementing learning by structuring an indoor environment that supports problem solving abilities in early childhood. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research which aims to describe the analysis of problem solving management in the environment. This research was conducted at Al Kamal Kindergarten which is located on Jalan Tegal Sari Hamlet VI, Percut Sei Tuan District. The research results show that the problem-solving abilities of young children can be improved by arranging the indoor environment with the child's size as a standard, the room is neat, considering the traffic of people when planning a classroom, separating noisy rooms from quiet rooms, classrooms and outdoor areas must be clean, neat and pleasant, how to store learning materials and equipment, placing items that help teacher supervision and arranging the beauty of the classroom.

This research explores of acting class that there were use as a tool to demonstrates a widening gap between verbal communication skills expectations of employers and the perceived abilities of higher education graduates. Recent studies have also suggested that the art of acting is an effective pedagogical tool for developing oral communication skills. This research using descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques carried out by watching and documenting drama. The data validity technique used is source triangulation, while the data analysis technique uses interactive data analysis techniques, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of this study showed that there were 15 element of character development consisting of Oral Communication Skills, Creative Problem Solving Abilities, Motivation and Commitment, Willingness to Work Cooperatively, The Ability to Work Independently, Promptness and Respect for Deadlines, Acceptance of Rules, Respect for Colleagues, Adaptability and Flexibility, Self-Discipline, Concentration, A Goal-Oriented Approach to Work, Dedication, A Willingness to Accept Responsibility, Self-Confidence. This study also found the relevance of acting class to character improvement. The results of this study can provide important meaning for the development of a person's character through acting class activity.

This research aims to determine the increase in mathematical problem solving abilities in permutation material through the problem based learning (PBL) learning model. This research is classroom action research (PTK) with research subjects being students of class XI TPM 2 SMK Negeri 1 Madiun, totaling 34 students. In this research, the instruments used were problem-solving ability tests and observation sheets. In this research there are two cycles, where each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation and reflection which follows the Lewin model procedure. In this study, the minimum learning completeness obtained was >75%. The analysis technique used in this research is descriptive qualitative which is adapted to the Hiles and Huberman technique, including data collection, data reduction, drawing conclusions and verification. The results of this research show that there is an increase in problem solving abilities using the problem based learning (PBL) learning model. This can be seen from the number of students who have achieved the very good problem solving ability category, namely 15.63% in the pre-cycle, then increasing to 25 % in cycle 1, and then increased in cycle 2, namely 53%, and in cycle 2 learning completion had reached 84.38%.  

In opportunity material, students' mathematical problem solving abilities are something that needs to be paid attention to. As a teacher, teachers should use various learning models that can help students improve their mathematical problem solving abilities. This research aims to help improve the mathematical problem solving abilities of class X-6 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya through the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on opportunity material. This research uses the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method which is divided into two cycles where each cycle consists of two meetings. The target subjects in this research were students in class X-6 of SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya, totaling 36 people. Data collection techniques in this research include observation and problem solving ability tests. From the data obtained, analysis was then carried out using descriptive analysis. The results obtained from this research are that students' mathematical problem solving abilities increase. In cycle one, there were 12 students who scored above the KKM (33.3%). Meanwhile, in cycle two, the number of students who scored above the KKM increased to 27 people (75%). Based on these results, the achievements of students who scored above the KKM increased so that students' mathematical problem solving abilities increased by 41.7% from cycle one to cycle two.

This research aims to determine the influence of learning styles on students' mathematical problem solving abilities. This research was carried out at MAS Al-Falah Klender. The method used is an ex post facto survey method with random sampling technique. The population in this study were class Data were collected using tests and analyzed by one way ANOVA. The results of this research show that 1) students' learning styles influence their mathematical problem solving abilities. 2) there is no significant difference between students' mathematical problem solving abilities with visual and auditory learning styles. 3) there is a significant difference between the mathematical problem solving abilities of students with kinesthetic and visual learning styles. 4) there is a significant difference between the mathematical problem solving abilities of students with kinesthetic and auditory learning styles.

Lower elementary school students usually have difficulty solving arithmetic puzzles. This is caused by variables inhibiting students, including lack of focus and low motivation to learn. This research was conducted to determine the proficiency of class II students at SD 1 Selojari in answering addition and subtraction questions through the use of narrative questions. The aim of the qualitative method of this research which uses a qualitative descriptive approach is to characterize mathematical problem solving abilities. The technique for selecting subjects in this research is using a purposive sampling technique, which is a technique for determining samples with various specific considerations using 11 class II students at SD 1 Selojari. The data collection techniques used were interview, observation and documentation methods. The data analysis technique uses data collection, data reduction, and drawing conclusions.  The mathematical problem solving ability of second grade elementary school students in addition and subtraction material is quite high, namely 90%, as seen in the students' ability to work on the questions given and get high scores. The results of this research show that one in three students are still unable to solve problem questions and still need help.

This research aims to develop a flipbook-based electronic module as a learning aid to improve students' abilities in solving mathematical problems on the topic of root forms. This module development method follows a learning design approach that focuses on interactiveness and visualization of complex mathematical concepts. The research was conducted involving class XI students in a high school as test subjects. Data collection was carried out through tests of mathematical problem solving abilities before and after using the module, as well as structured interviews with mathematics teachers and students. The results showed that the use of a flipbook-based electronic module significantly improved students' understanding of the concept of root forms and their ability to solve related mathematical problems. The implication of this research is the importance of integrating technology in mathematics learning to improve effectiveness and student learning outcomes.  

This study reviews various literature related to the implementation of game-based learning models in improving students' mathematical problem solving abilities. Game-based learning has proven effective in motivating students, increasing interaction, and developing mathematical problem solving skills. This article presents a summary of key findings from relevant studies, highlighting the application of the strategy and the positive impact that this approach can have in the context of mathematics learning.      

This research aims to produce an Android-based character calculator media for mathematical problem solving abilities in vocational school students' statistics material that reaches the level of validity, practicality and effectiveness. This research uses the Borg and Gall development design model with steps consisting of potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, and product revision. The subjects in this research were class X students at SMK Negeri 7 Pontianak, consisting of 31 students. The data collection techniques used are indirect communication techniques and measurement techniques with the data collection tools being validation sheets, questionnaires and test questions. The first research result was validation of the calculator media, namely with an average score from the three experts of 87.27% with very valid criteria. Practicality value, seen from the questionnaire scores filled in by teachers and students which were accumulated to obtain a percentage of 96.76% with very practical criteria. Furthermore, effectiveness, seen from the results of students' posttest results, obtained a percentage of 80.64%, with reference to the school's KKM score, namely ≥75, so the average student test results have complete criteria and are classified as very effective. From the validation results, practicality and effectiveness, it can be concluded that the Android-based character calculator media for mathematical problem solving abilities in vocational school students' statistics material is classified as effective to use.  

The aim of this research is to obtain significant data and analyze the influence of the Team Assisted Individualization (T.A.I) learning model on the ability to solve mathematical problems on the subject of linear programming in class X students at MA Al Ittihad Sawangan Depok. The research method used is a quasi-experimental method (quasi-experiment). Sampling was carried out using a cluster random sampling technique with a research sample of 40 students, namely 20 students in class X IPS 2 as the experimental class and 20 X IPS 1 as the control class. The analysis technique used is a comparative analysis technique with the t-test, at a significance level of α= 0,05. The analytical requirements tests used in this research are the Chi-Square test for normality test and Fisher's test for homogeneity test. At a significance level of 0,05 with the Chi-Square test in the experimental class the price X2count <X2table (-33,38 < 9,488) while for the control class the price Homogeneity test at a significance level of 0.05 with Fisher's test, obtained F-count = 1,642 and F-table = 2,165 with a significance level of α= 0,05. Because Fcount < Ftable, H0 is accepted, so it can be concluded that the two classes have the same or homogeneous variance. Hypothesis testing uses the t-test with a significance level of α= 0,05. From the calculation results, t-count = 3,619, while ttable with degrees of freedom = 38 is 2,026, meaning t-count > t-table. Thus H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This research concludes that mathematical problem solving abilities using the Team Assisted Individualization (T.A.I) learning model are better than mathematical problem solving abilities using the Expository model.

This literature study analysis discusses improving computational thinking problem solving abilities in madrasah ibtidaiyah students. In this study, an analysis of various literature that has been carried out previously was carried out to understand how the use of computational thinking can improve problem solving abilities in madrasah ibtidaiyah students. One of the journals that is relevant to this topic is "Computational Thinking in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Maulana Maghribi Kandeman Students in Improving Problem Solving Abilities" which was published in the journal Circle: Journal of Mathematics Education. This journal was written by Muhammad Nur Fain Syamsy and A. Sholikhah on September 28 2023. This study explores how the application of computational thinking can help students solve problems. The research results show that students who are involved in learning computational thinking have better problem solving abilities. Apart from that, other relevant research is research conducted by Kurnadi et al. (2021) which concerns the introduction of computational thinking to students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nahdlatul Wathan Marcapada West Lombok. This research also shows that learning computational thinking can improve students' problem solving abilities. In this research, the use of literature study analysis methods is important to gain a deep understanding of the influence of computational thinking on problem-solving abilities in madrasah ibtidaiyah students. By studying existing literature, researchers can identify the best approaches and strategies in developing students' problem solving abilities.

Computational Thinking is a way of thinking that refers to the ability to solve problems using concepts used in computing. Computational thinking is a way of thinking in solving problems that students must develop in the digital era. This research aims to examine the importance of computational thinking in improving students' mathematical problem solving abilities. The type of research used is qualitative research using a literature study approach in the form of books, notes, journals, reports of relevant research results, as well as the results of observations. The results of the analysis show that it is very important for students to have computational thinking in order to improve their mathematical problem solving abilities. Computational thinking involves solving problems using a logical and systematic mindset that involves selecting and using algorithms, data representation, problem decomposition, abstraction, pattern recognition and hypothesis testing. Computational thinking has become an important and essential skill for humans in the 21st century. Educators must advocate the importance of integrating learning with computational thinking concepts into the educational curriculum. Computational thinking has an important role in learning. This can be useful for improving mathematical problem solving abilities. Apart from that, computational thinking can also develop critical, creative and analytical thinking skills in solving complex problems, both in the context of computing and everyday life.    

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the problem-based learning model (PBL) with a STEM approach on the mathematical problem solving ability of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 17 Medan. This research was conducted at SMP N 17 Medan T.A 2023/2024. The research method used is a quasi-experimental method. The sample of this study consisted of two classes, namely class VIII-3 as an experimental class taught with a PBL model with a STEM approach and class VIII-4 as a control class taught with conventional models. Based on descriptive statistics and categorization of research results, it was found that the mathematical problem solving ability of experimental class students was 67,74% of students in the high category, 32.26% of other students in the medium category, and no students in the low category. Meanwhile, in the control class, 15,63% of students were in the high level of problem solving ability, 53,13% were in the medium level and 31,24% of students were in the category low category. Thus it can be seen that the mathematical problem solving ability of grade students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is better than conventional learning models. Furthermore, with inferential statistical analysis for the t test, calculated t value = 2,42 and ttable = 1,999623, thus t calculated > t table means that the problem-solving ability of students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is not the same as students who use the learning  conventional model. With further analysis, Fcalculated = 5,6847 and F table = 3,998494482, then  calculated F > F table so it can be concluded that problem-based learning models with a STEM approach have a significant effect on students' mathematical problem solving abilities.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how efforts are made and enhance students' capacity for problem-solving following the application of the lesson study-based scientific approach and problem-based learning model. 38 students from SMP Negeri 4 Tebing Tinggi's VIII–5 class during the 2022–2023 academic year served as the research subjects. Classroom Action Research (PTK), which is this kind of research, is divided into two cycles. In pre-action, students take an initial test, and at the conclusion of each cycle, they take an exam on their problem-solving skills. The research findings are as follows: (1) If the teacher masters and effectively applies the PBL model and scientific approach based on lesson study, students' mathematical problem solving abilities can be improved, (2) Application of the PBL model can increase student learning completeness by 63.16% from 23.68% at the end of cycle I to 86.84% at the end of cycle II. (3) Students' mathematical problem solving abilities can be improved by 34.37% from 47.47% at the end of cycle I to 82.04% at the end of cycle II.