Publication Search

Kepastian hukum dalam pembuatan akta autentik merupakan aspek penting dalam sistem hukum perdata di Indonesia, terutama dalam menjamin perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak. Namun, dalam praktiknya, notaris seringkali dihadapkan pada permasalahan hukum yang berkaitan dengan batas pertanggungjawaban administratif dan pidana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk pelanggaran notaris dalam pembuatan akta autentik serta implikasi yuridisnya berdasarkan putusan pengadilan. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, melalui analisis bahan hukum sekunder dan putusan pengadilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelanggaran notaris pada dasarnya bersifat administratif, kecuali terdapat unsur kesengajaan atau keterlibatan aktif dalam tindak pidana. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan penafsiran dalam putusan pengadilan yang menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya kejelasan batas pertanggungjawaban notaris guna menjamin kepastian hukum dan perlindungan profesi notaris

This study aims to analyze the Cambodian government's efforts to address human trafficking from a human security perspective. It employs a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing secondary data from relevant journals, reports, and academic publications. The findings indicate that human trafficking in Cambodia has evolved into a hub for digital-based fraud linked to transnational cybercrime networks. Victims face not only labor exploitation but are also coerced into participating in online fraudulent activities, such as romance scams. This surge in human trafficking is driven by weak law enforcement, high levels of corruption, low public digital literacy, and the rapid expansion of the online gambling industry and special economic zones, which serve as operational bases for criminal activities. The Cambodian government has implemented various measures regarding prevention, protection, and law enforcement through regulations, international cooperation, victim rescue operations, and anti-fraud campaigns. However, the effectiveness of these policies remains limited due to the state's constrained capacity and the ability of criminal networks to continuously adapt to advancements in digital technology. The study concludes that addressing human trafficking in Cambodia requires strengthened governance, more intensive international cooperation, and improved public digital literacy.

Pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana membawa perubahan penting dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia, khususnya pada mekanisme pembuktian dan kewenangan penyidikan. Perubahan tersebut juga berdampak terhadap profesi yang berkaitan erat dengan dokumen hukum, termasuk notaris sebagai pejabat umum yang berwenang membuat akta otentik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implikasi pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 terhadap tanggung jawab pidana notaris dalam pembuatan akta otentik. Permasalahan yang dikaji meliputi bagaimana KUHAP Baru memengaruhi kedudukan notaris dalam proses pidana serta bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana notaris diterapkan terhadap akta otentik yang bermasalah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan. Bahan hukum terdiri atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui penafsiran hukum dan penalaran sistematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 tidak membentuk delik baru bagi notaris, melainkan memperluas instrumen acara pidana melalui pengakuan informasi elektronik, dokumen elektronik, perluasan definisi saksi, dan mekanisme penyitaan modern. Akibatnya, notaris berpotensi lebih sering terlibat dalam proses penyidikan dan pembuktian pidana. Namun demikian, tanggung jawab pidana notaris tetap didasarkan pada terpenuhinya unsur tindak pidana dan kesalahan pribadi, bukan semata-mata karena akta otentik yang dibuat menjadi sengketa. Penelitian ini menawarkan model pengaturan yang seimbang antara akuntabilitas pidana, kepastian hukum, kerahasiaan jabatan, dan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap lembaga kenotariatan.

This study examines the phenomenon of fatherlessness in Indonesia and its relevance to Human security. Rather than limiting the concept to the physical absence of a father, this research highlights functional fatherlessnes s, where the father is present but does not perform his roles in caregiving, emotional support, and economic responsibility. Using a qualitative approach through literature review and conceptual analysis, this study explores how disruptions in family roles can generate broader social vulnerabilities. The findings indicate that fatherlessness is closely linked to various dimensions of human security, particularly personal, economic, and community security. The absence or dysfunction of paternal roles weakens the family as the primary unit of protection, potentially affecting individual well-being, social stability, and the overall quality of human resources. Furthermore, this study finds that existing state responses tend to be reactive and have not fully addressed the issue of functional fatherlessness as a structural social concern. Therefore, this research argues that fatherlessness should be understood not merely as a private family issue, but as a non-traditional security challenge that requires comprehensive policy attention to strengthen human security in Indonesia.

This study critically examines the transformation of the regulatory framework governing Fixed-Term Employment Agreements (Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu/PKWT) following the enactment of Indonesia’s Job Creation Law and its implications for workers’ legal protection. The research focuses on the paradigm shift from a worker-protection-oriented model toward labor market flexibility and its impact on employment security. Using a normative juridical approach, this study employs comparative legal analysis between the Manpower Act No. 13 of 2003 and the Job Creation Law No. 6 of 2023, along with its implementing regulation, Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021. The analysis is supported by systematic statutory interpretation, labor law doctrine, and Constitutional Court Decision No. 168/PUU-XXI/2023. The findings reveal a significant regulatory shift characterized by the extension of the maximum duration of fixed-term contracts, the removal of mandatory grace periods for contract renewal, and the substantial narrowing of grounds for automatic conversion of PKWT into permanent employment agreements (PKWTT). Although the Job Creation Law introduces new protective instruments, including end-of-contract compensation and expanded social security coverage, these measures are insufficient to offset the decline in job security and legal certainty for workers. Consequently, workers face an increased risk of prolonged employment precarity. This study underscores the urgency of rebalancing labor market flexibility with the constitutional rights of workers in Indonesia’s future labor law reform. Keywords: Job Creation Law; Fixed-Term Employment Agreement (PKWT); Legal Protection; Labor Market Flexibility; Precarious Work; Constitutional Court Decision.

The Constitutional Court Decision Number 105/PUU-XXII/2024 has significantly reshaped the legal construction of defamation provisions under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (EIT Law), particularly by limiting the interpretation of the phrase “other persons” to natural persons (natuurlijk persoon) only. This study aims to analyze the implications of the decision on legal certainty as well as its impact on litigation practices and legal protection for legal entities in Indonesia. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the decision enhances legal certainty by clarifying previously ambiguous norms that often led to the criminalization of freedom of expression. However, the restriction of legal subjects has shifted the legal protection mechanism for legal entities from criminal to civil remedies under Article 1365 of the Civil Code. This shift poses challenges in terms of effectiveness, particularly due to more complex litigation processes and the lack of deterrent effect compared to criminal sanctions. Therefore, a balanced approach is required between protecting freedom of expression and safeguarding institutional reputation, alongside strengthening regulations and public legal awareness to achieve justice, legal certainty, and legal utility.

Presidential Regulation Number 10 of 2021 on Investment Business Fields introduces a fundamental transformation in Indonesia’s investment regulatory regime by replacing the previous negative list approach with a positive list system. This regulatory shift significantly affects the structure of investment liberalization, particularly in the industrial sector, which serves as the backbone of the national economy. This study aims to analyze the regulatory changes introduced by Presidential Regulation 10/2021 and examine their juridical and practical implications for the investment climate and industrial business actors. Using a normative juridical method through the analysis of legislation, policy documents, and academic literature, this research finds that the regulation enhances investment openness, expands foreign ownership, simplifies risk-based licensing, and strengthens legal certainty through the classification of priority business fields, mandatory partnerships with cooperatives/MSMEs, and conditioned business categories. However, its implementation still faces challenges, including the harmonization of sectoral regulations, regulatory–political dynamics, and the government’s supervisory capacity. Overall, Presidential Regulation 10/2021 has the potential to strengthen the attractiveness of the industrial sector and its integration into global value chains, yet its effectiveness strongly depends on consistent implementation and cross-sector policy alignment.   Keywords: Presidential Regulation 10/2021, investment regulation, investment liberalization, industrial sector, investment policy.  

Criminal law policy in Indonesia saw significant modifications with the adoption of the new Criminal Code (KUHP), particularly with regard to the regulation of cohabitation and adultery. Because it directly affects people's private life and may have an impact on human rights protection, this arrangement has sparked discussion in the community. This study intends to investigate the application of the penal provisions of adultery and cohabitation in the new penal Code and examine its consequences for the protection of human rights. The research method applied was normative legal research with a legislative, conceptual, and human rights approach. The study's findings show that the regulation and implementation of laws relating to adultery and promiscuity can lead to issues in law enforcement, particularly those relating to the right to privacy, the proportionality of punishment principle, and the potential for actual abuse of power. The conclusion of this study underlines the necessity for the judicial implementation of the law and geared towards the protection of human rights, as well as the examination of criminal law policies to be in line with the ideals of the rule of law, democracy, and respect for individual freedom.

The untimely formation of government regulations on the delegation of laws is still a serious problem in the practice of forming laws and regulations in Indonesia. It was recorded that from 2021 to 2023 there were 16 government regulations that were formed late, which shows that there are problems in the follow-up mechanism for legislation delegations. The author analyzes whether the government has a legal obligation in the timeliness of the formation of government regulations as implementing rules. In addition, this study also examines the juridical and practical implications of the law if a delegated government regulation is formed late. The data used are quantitative and supported by doctrinal research methods through the analysis of laws and regulations, expert opinions, and related legal literature. The results of the study show that the government has a legal obligation to form government regulations in a timely manner. The delay in the formation of government regulations has an impact on disrupting the effectiveness of the implementation of the law and causes some provisions to not be implemented optimally because the implementing instruments are not yet available according to the specified deadline. In addition, these delays have the potential to cause legal uncertainty for the public, law enforcement officials, and policy implementing agencies. The vacuum of implementing rules can also trigger differences in interpretation, hinder policy implementation, and increase the risk of legal disputes. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of stricter monitoring and evaluation mechanisms against the deadline for the formation of government regulations to ensure legal certainty and regulatory effectiveness.

The development of deepfake technology, which utilises artificial intelligence to manipulate images, videos and sounds, has led to a serious threat of sextortion. In the Indonesian context, high internet penetration and low awareness of digital security increase the risk of this crime. This research analyses the legal consequences of the misuse of deepfake technology in sextortion based on the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE). Using normative juridical methods and descriptive-qualitative analysis, this research examines the legal challenges faced in enforcing sanctions against this crime and provides recommendations to strengthen the legal framework in Indonesia. The results show that there are gaps in the legal framework that need to be addressed, as well as the importance of education and capacity building of law enforcement in dealing with cybercrime. In addition, the development of more sophisticated deepfake detection technology is expected to be a solution in tackling this abuse in the future.

Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) face the problem of stigmatization and negative image that has been rooted in public perception for several decades, where the social construction of TKI is dominated by narratives of exploitation, violence, and victimization reinforced by conventional mass media coverage. The phenomenon of TKI emerging as content creators on the TikTok platform opens new opportunities for migrant workers to represent themselves independently and build personal Branding that has the potential to reconstruct their image in public perception. This study aims to analyze the personal Branding strategies of TKI content creators on TikTok, measure the engagement patterns and reach of the content produced, and evaluate the transformation of public perception toward Indonesian migrant workers as an implication of these digital communication practices. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design to explore the process of image reconstruction through personal Branding on the TikTok platform. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with five TKI content creators who have followers ranging from 750 thousand to 2.3 million, interviews with 50 active followers, and interviews with two digital communication experts. The research findings show that TKI content creators implement personal Branding strategies through content authenticity, narrative consistency, and positioning differentiation with engagement rates. Public perception changed significantly with a decrease in negative perception from 68 percent to 18 percent and an increase in positive perception from 10 percent to 55 percent within an exposure period of more than 12 months. Image reconstruction occurs through three mechanisms: humanization that displays the human side of TKI, normalization that elevates the profession as work worthy of respect, and inspiration that demonstrates their positive achievements. This study recommends that the government and related stakeholders support digital literacy for migrant workers to optimize social media platforms as a means of empowerment, as well as promote policies that protect and appreciate the contribution of TKI as an integral part of national economic development.

The juridical issues concern the limits of military criminal jurisdiction, patterns of sentencing for soldiers, command responsibility, and their implications for the principles of civilian supremacy and equality before the law. This study aims to analyze the implications and provide a comparative assessment of the expansion of the Indonesian National Armed Forces’ (TNI) authority following Law Number 3 of 2025 concerning the Amendment to Law Number 34 of 2004, particularly in relation to the addition of civilian positions that may be occupied by active-duty soldiers and the expansion of Military Operations Other Than War (OMSP). This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, using data sources in the form of legislation as well as national and international legal literature, which are analyzed qualitatively with deductive reasoning in drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that, first, the criminal law implications of the post-expansion of the TNI’s authority and roles give rise to the potential emergence of official offenses (delicta propria), particularly in the implementation of OMSP and the assignment of active-duty soldiers to civilian positions, which may generate ambiguity in judicial forums and criminal accountability; and second, a comparison with the military sentencing systems in the Netherlands and the United States demonstrates the importance of clear classification of offenses, a clearer separation between military jurisdiction and civilian courts, and the strengthening of due process of law, as well as effective civilian oversight to ensure the professionalism and legal certainty of the TNI.

The reform of criminal law in Indonesia has become an increasingly urgent necessity in line with social developments, technological advancement, and the growing complexity and diversity of crime. Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the new Criminal Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana/KUHP) emerges as a comprehensive effort to replace the colonial-era Criminal Code and to align the national criminal law system with the current conditions of Indonesian society. This new Criminal Code introduces several significant changes, including the regulation of cybercrime, protection of the environment, the reinforcement of humanitarian values, and the strengthening of the principle of limiting criminal sanctions on individual liberty in order to ensure the protection of human rights. This paper aims to analyze the direction and substance of the Criminal Code reform, evaluate its potential implementation, and assess the implications of these changes for criminal law enforcement practices in Indonesia. The research method employed is a literature review using a normative approach, conducted through the analysis of statutory regulations, criminal law theories, and relevant case studies. The results of the analysis indicate that the new Criminal Code provides a more adaptive and responsive legal framework to contemporary issues; however, the effectiveness of its implementation largely depends on the readiness of law enforcement authorities, the intensity of regulatory socialization, and the level of public legal awareness. This study concludes that criminal law reform represents a strategic step toward realizing a criminal justice system that is more just, effective, and aligned with the values of Pancasila.

Digital fraud, particularly schemes involving the distribution of fake wedding invitations through instant messaging applications such as WhatsApp, has developed into a serious problem in Indonesia along with the increasing use of digital technology in everyday life. This fraudulent modus operandi exploits victims’ curiosity, trust, and panic to prompt them to open malicious links or download harmful files containing malware. Such malware has the potential to damage device systems, steal personal data, and access sensitive information, including banking accounts and social media profiles. This form of fraud not only causes significant financial losses for victims but also results in psychological impacts, such as fear, trauma, and a loss of trust in digital communication. This article aims to comprehensively examine the modus operandi of digital fraud through fake wedding invitations, analyze the relevant legal framework, and assess the social and economic impacts on society. In addition, the article emphasizes the importance of improving digital literacy as an effective preventive measure to minimize the risk of digital fraud. To address this issue, the article proposes strengthening cooperation among law enforcement agencies, cybersecurity institutions, and technology service providers. Recommendations are also directed toward reinforcing regulations, enhancing the effectiveness of law enforcement, and intensifying public awareness campaigns to reduce the incidence of digital fraud in Indonesia.

This study analyzes the corporate crime perspective and directors’ liability in the LNG procurement case at Pertamina as a State-Owned Enterprise (SOE). The research aims to examine how the elements of corporate crime are constructed, how directors’ actions are assessed within the framework of fiduciary duty and the business judgment rule, and what legal implications arise for corporate accountability in SOEs. The study employs a normative juridical method using a case approach, statute approach, and conceptual approach. Primary data consist of court documents, statutes, and regulatory frameworks, while secondary data are obtained from academic journals, institutional reports, and credible publications. The findings reveal that distinguishing legitimate business risk from abuse of authority is central to determining corporate criminal liability, particularly when decisions intersect with state finances and public interests. The analysis further indicates that SOE directors carry dual obligations: to ensure effective corporate governance while at the same time facing heightened exposure to criminal liability when losses are associated with state assets. This study contributes by clarifying how legal assessments should balance accountability with the protection of reasonable managerial discretion. The implications highlight the need for clearer decision-making standards, stronger governance mechanisms, and better alignment between corporate law and anti-corruption frameworks in order to promote legal certainty without discouraging prudent business judgment.

Perkawinan campuran adalah pernikahan yang terjadi antara dua individu dengan kewarganegaraan yang berbeda. Dalam konteks hukum di Indonesia, perkawinan campuran diatur dalam Pasal 57 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, yang menyatakan bahwa perkawinan antara warga negara Indonesia (WNI) dan warga negara asing (WNA) harus memenuhi ketentuan hukum masing-masing negara. Penelitian ini menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi warga negara asing (WNA) dalam perkawinan campuran, dengan fokus pada Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Selatan Nomor 526/PDT.G/2012/PN.Jkt.Sel. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya kasus perkawinan campuran yang menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan hukum, terutama terkait hak-hak WNA. Rumusan masalah yang dikaji adalah 1) Bagaimana Aturan Hukum Perjanjian Perkawinan terhadap Perkawinan Campuran di Indonesia. 2) Bagaimana Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Warga Negara Asing Dalam Perkawinan Campuran pada Putusan Pengadilan Nomor 526/PDT/G/2012/PN.Jkt Sel, 3) Bagaimana Implikasi dari Putusan Tersebut dalam Praktik Pembuatan Perjanjian Perkawinan dengan Warga Negara Asing. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, Spesifikasi penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data Sekunder dan metode analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatif.

Penelitian ini membahas kekuatan hukum akta perjanjian kerja sama yang dibuat di bawah tangan antara Rumah Sakit Bethesda Yogyakarta dan Yakes Telkom Area Jawa Tengah–DIY. Perjanjian ini menimbulkan persoalan hukum ketika terjadi wanprestasi berupa keterlambatan penagihan sebesar Rp5.962.000 pada periode Juni–Agustus 2023. Permasalahan yang dikaji meliputi: (1) kekuatan hukum akta bawah tangan dalam perspektif hukum perdata, (2) efektivitas pembuktian akta bawah tangan dibandingkan akta otentik serta implikasinya terhadap penyelesaian sengketa dan (3) perlindungan hukum bagi pihak yang dirugikan. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Data diperoleh dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akta bawah tangan sah menurut Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata, namun memiliki kelemahan pembuktian karena mudah disangkal dan tidak memiliki kekuatan eksekutorial. Perlindungan hukum tetap tersedia bagi pihak yang dirugikan, tetapi prosesnya lebih kompleks di pengadilan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya penggunaan akta otentik melalui notaris agar perjanjian kerja sama memperoleh kekuatan pembuktian sempurna, kepastian hukum, serta perlindungan lebih kuat bagi para pihak

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kedudukan akta notaris sebagai instrumen hukum yang memiliki kekuatan pembuktian otentik, namun efektivitasnya dalam sengketa merek masih diperdebatkan. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini meliputi: (1) bagaimana kedudukan hukum akta notaris dalam perkara sengketa hak atas merek POLO di Indonesia? (2) apa implikasi yuridis dari penggunaan akta notaris terhadap perlindungan hukum pemilik merek dalam sengketa tersebut? Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, didukung data primer melalui wawancara dengan praktisi. Bahan hukum primer berupa UU Jabatan Notaris, UU Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis, serta Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 614 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2023 dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akta notaris memiliki kedudukan kuat sebagai alat bukti otentik dalam perjanjian lisensi maupun pengalihan merek. Namun, dalam kasus POLO, Mahkamah Agung lebih mengutamakan prinsip penggunaan pertama (first use) dibanding sekadar keberadaan akta notaris, sehingga akta tersebut tidak menjadi penentu utama. Kesimpulannya, meskipun akta notaris memberikan kepastian hukum dan perlindungan preventif, efektivitasnya tetap bergantung pada kesesuaian dengan fakta penggunaan merek. Saran penelitian adalah perlunya penguatan regulasi mengenai keharusan pencatatan akta pengalihan atau lisensi merek di DJKI, serta peningkatan peran notaris dalam memastikan substansi akta sesuai fakta hukum agar dapat mendukung perlindungan hukum yang lebih optimal.

The illicit circulation of narcotics in Indonesia has undergone a fundamental evolution into cyber-enabled crime, where drug syndicates systematically exploit children as technical operators through digital media to sever the main network chain and evade legal detection. This study aims to analyze the anatomy of the modus operandi of narcotics transactions involving children in the digital realm and examine its legal implications for the process of proof and criminal liability. Utilizing an empirical juridical research method with a sociological approach conducted in the jurisdiction of the Metro Police Resort, Lampung, this research identifies a shift in modus operandi towards the "Map System" or Dead Drop Method. In this modus, the child's role is divided into three sophisticated technical stages: pre-transaction via encrypted communication, field execution (mapping & dropping) using precise GPS coordinates, and post-transaction involving digital cleaning, which creates a phenomenon of crime "gamification" where children perceive the criminal act akin to an online game mission. The legal implications of this phenomenon present serious challenges regarding the validity of electronic evidence, which is volatile due to a weak chain of custody, as well as the reconstruction of the child's mens rea, which points towards premeditated intent (dolus premeditatus) driven by high digital literacy rather than mere negligence. These conditions complicate the application of pure diversion as mandated by law; thus, this study recommends a hybrid punishment approach where law enforcement proceeds to break impunity, but sanctions focus on specific rehabilitation in the Special Guidance Institution for Children (LPKA) to reorient the children's digital skills positively.

Penelitian ini membahas peran dan tanggung jawab Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) dalam pembuatan akta hibah, dengan fokus pada implikasi sengketa hukum yang terlihat pada Putusan Nomor 1316/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Jepr. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah tingginya jumlah sengketa terkait akta hibah di Indonesia yang menunjukkan belum optimalnya peran Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) dalam menjamin keabsahan dan legalitas dokumen. Kondisi ini menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai bagaimana regulasi mengatur peran dan tanggung jawab PPAT dalam pembuatan akta hibah, serta bagaimana permasalahan hukum yang muncul dipertimbangkan oleh hakim dalam memutus perkara sengketa akta hibah tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi dokumen, wawancara, dan literatur hukum. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tanggung jawab utama PPAT dalam pembuatan akta hibah mencakup syarat formil dan materiil sesuai PP No. 37/1998, KUH Perdata, dan KHI, termasuk verifikasi dokumen, identitas, status tanah, serta persetujuan ahli waris. Sengketa  dalam Putusan No. 1316/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Jepr, timbul akibat dugaan hibah fiktif dan kurangnya kehati-hatian PPAT, namun penggugat PPAT tidak dapat dibuktikan dan akta hibah secara administratif telah memenui syarat.Hakim menyatakan gugatan tidak diterima karena cacat formil Penelitian ini menyarankan agar PPAT lebih berhati-hati dalam menjalankan tugasnya dan lebih proaktif dalam mencegah potensi sengketa hukum terkait hibah tanah.