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Pregnancy is a crucial period that requires special attention to maternal nutritional status, including the prevention of anemia through the consumption of Multiple Micronutrient Supplements (MMS). Compliance with MMS consumption remains a challenge due to physical, psychological, and social factors. This study aims to analyze the role of Posyandu cadres as peer support in improving compliance with MMS consumption and preventing anemia in pregnant women in the Bongo II Community Health Center, Boalemo Regency. The study used a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design with a total sample of 20 pregnant women. Peer support interventions in the form of education, motivation, reminders, and routine monitoring were carried out for 4 weeks. Data were collected through questionnaires, MMS consumption records, and hemoglobin level examinations, then analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and paired t-test. The results showed a significant increase in the mean score of MMS consumption compliance from 61.2 to 80.5 (p = 0.002) and the mean hemoglobin level from 10.7 g/dL to 11.4 g/dL (p = 0.014). This finding confirms the effectiveness of peer support by Posyandu cadres in increasing compliance with MMS consumption and improving anemia status.

ABSTRACT Background: Imminent Premature Delivery (PPI) is a situation where there is a threat to pregnancy caused by regular uterine contractions accompanied by cervical changes at a gestational age of less than 37 weeks. In Indonesia, based on the 2018 Basic Health Research, the prevalence of premature birth reached 29.5% of 1000 live births. At Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, the incidence of PPI from 2020 - 2024 based on data reached 642 out of 4,196 (15.30%) total deliveries. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Imminent Premature Parturition at Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, from 2020 to 2024. Method: The type of descriptive research with a total sampling technique, namely all pregnant women who had received conservative treatment at Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar from 2020-2024, amounting to 642 people. The type of secondary data taken from data from 2020 to 2024. Results: The distribution of PPI patients included hemoglobin levels of 8-11 g / dl, namely 100%, mothers aged 21 - 35 years, namely 75%, working mothers, namely 73.9%, KPD, namely 68.8%, infection, namely 15.6%, preeclampsia with severe symptoms, namely 10.1%, twin pregnancies, namely 14.3%, and pregnancy spacing <18 months, namely 0.8%. Conclution: The most influential factor in the occurrence of PPI is low HB levels combined with the mother being relatively young and actively working.

Anemia in pregnant women remains a global public health problem, particularly in developing countries. Iron supplementation is the main intervention recommended for the prevention and management of anemia during pregnancy. This literature review aims to analyze the effectiveness of iron supplementation in preventing anemia among pregnant women using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. Article searches were conducted through scientific databases and the attached journals, with a publication range from 2019 to 2024. The selection process resulted in 10 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Narrative synthesis showed that iron supplementation, whether administered alone or combined with vitamin C or other supportive nutritional interventions, was effective in increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. Adherence to supplementation and nutritional education support were significant factors influencing the success of the intervention.

Anemia is a problem of health in young women. Anemia is a condition in the concentration levels of hemoglobin in the blood is low, one of the efforts to improve the levels of Hemoglobin by non Pharmacology given soy edamame. Is a kind of soy beans which the iron content of substance more than other types. In addition to iron, also contained Vit C, B12, and folic acid, which is also a constituent of hemoglobin in the blood. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of granting soy edamame to increased levels of hemoglobin in on young women. The research design used was quasy eksperiment. Population of young women who are experiencing anemia in boarding schools of Tahfiz Hisbah Al Fatih as many as 20 people, with the total sampling techniques. Research instrument is the observation sheet and tool checks digitally Hemoglobin. Results of the study were analyzed using paired t-test Test and independent t Test. The results obtained from this research is the following value mean increased levels of Hb after given Soy edamame was 0.46 gdl and mean increased levels of Hb after administering a local soybean is 0.18 gdl. This indicates that after the granting of the soy edamame tablet better if compared to a local soybean delivery after this. Research analysis of Hb levels after administering a local soybean or edamame soybeans gained ρ-value 0.006 (α = 0 .05), then it can be inferred that H0 is rejected and there is meaning accepted H1 influence awarding of soy edamame to increased levels of Hb teen daughter in boarding schools of Tahfiz Hisbah Al Fatih. For young women in particular are expected to eat green vegetables and legumes, especially soy edamame to prevent as well as treat mild anemia.

Anemia in pregnancy remains a common public health problem and may lead to adverse outcomes for both the mother and the fetus, highlighting the need for effective and practical interventions. This study aimed to analyze the effect of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta) consumption on hemoglobin levels among second-trimester pregnant women at UPT Puskesmas Rum Balibunga. A quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest design without a control group was conducted. The sample consisted of 30 second-trimester pregnant women with mild anemia, selected using purposive sampling. The intervention involved daily consumption of cassava leaves for 14 consecutive days. Hemoglobin levels were measured before and after the intervention using standardized examination tools. The results demonstrated a significant increase in hemoglobin levels following cassava leaf consumption, with a mean increase of 1.2 g/dL. These findings suggest that cassava leaves, which are rich in iron, vitamin C, and protein, can enhance hemoglobin synthesis and serve as a local food-based nutritional intervention. Therefore, cassava leaf consumption can be recommended as an alternative or complementary strategy for preventing and managing anemia among second-trimester pregnant women in primary healthcare settings. 

Adolescents are a vulnerable age group to nutritional problems due to increased nutritional requirements during periods of rapid growth. Suboptimal nutritional status, including undernutrition and anaemia, can negatively affect health and academic performance. This study aimed to describe the nutritional status of adolescents at SMA Negeri 2 Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This study employed a descriptive observational design conducted from August to September 2025 with a total sample of 226 twelfth-grade students’ selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected through measurements of body weight and height to determine nutritional status based on the BMI-for-Age indicator and haemoglobin levels were assessed using a digital haemometer. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis. The results showed that most respondents had normal nutritional status (52.2%), while a considerable proportion were undernutrition (47.8%). In addition, more than half of the respondents were anaemia (50.9%). These findings indicate that although anthropometric nutritional status was generally normal, anemia remains a health problem that requires attention among adolescents. Regular monitoring of nutritional status and hemoglobin levels accompanied by nutrition education is recommended. Further studies are recommended to use an analytical study design to identify factors associated with nutritional status and anaemia.

Anemia during pregnancy is a significant maternal health issue with serious impacts on maternal and perinatal outcomes, including complications such as severe preeclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, and low birth weight (LBW), all of which contribute to increased morbidity and mortality rates. This literature review aims to analyze the clinical impacts of pregnancy anemia, related complications, and effective management strategies based on the latest scientific evidence (2020-2024). The study examines the relationship between anemia and preeclampsia, LBW, and postpartum hemorrhage, as well as the importance of nutritional fulfillment in prevention and management. Five research articles from indexed journals were collected from the Scopus database, with inclusion criteria of studies with clear designs, focusing on pregnancy anemia, and published in Indonesian or English. The analysis results show that pregnancy anemia is a predisposing factor for preeclampsia through mechanisms such as placental hypoxia and oxidative stress. Anemia is also closely related to an increased incidence of LBW and postpartum hemorrhage, particularly due to lower hemoglobin reserves and uterine contractility issues. Adequate nutritional fulfillment is influenced by socioeconomic barriers, supplementation side effects, and lack of family support. Anemia management requires a comprehensive approach, including routine screening, prophylactic supplementation, nutritional education, and effective referral systems for complex cases. Prevention through early detection and timely intervention is crucial in reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity.

Blood transfusion requires the availability of high-quality blood, which is determined, among others, by the donor's hemoglobin (Hb) level. One factor that may affect Hb is sleep quality. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between sleep quality and hemoglobin levels among prospective blood donors at UDD PMI South Sulawesi Province in 2025. Methods: An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 100 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while Hb levels were measured using a hemoglobinometer. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results: The majority of respondents (75%) had good sleep quality, while 25% had poor sleep quality. Normal Hb levels (12.5–17 g/dL) were found in 96% of respondents, while 3% were low and 1% were high. The Chi-Square test showed a significant relationship between sleep quality and Hb levels (p = 0.050). Conclusion: Good sleep quality is significantly associated with normal hemoglobin levels in prospective donors. Educational programs about healthy sleep patterns before donation are necessary to improve donor eligibility and ensure a safe blood supply.

Background: Anemia in pregnancy increases the risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, with a higher incidence in the third trimester. Although Fe tablets serve as the main therapy, non-pharmacological alternatives such as beetroot and lemon juice also have the potential to raise hemoglobin levels. Objective: To determine the effect of consuming beetroot-lemon juice combined with Fe tablets on hemoglobin levels in third-trimester pregnant women in Semarang. Method: This study applied a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pre-test post-test approach, allowing the measurement of hemoglobin level changes before and after the intervention. The study population consisted of all pregnant women in their third trimester, with gestational ages between 32 and 38 weeks, registered at two community health centers: PMB Puji Widiastuti, Amd.Keb, with 16 anemic respondents, and PMB Ika Febri Setyaning Astuti, Str.Keb, with 15 anemic respondents. A total of 31 respondents were obtained using total sampling. Data collection was conducted through observation sheets, and analysis was performed using the Mann Whitney statistical test. Results: The intervention group, which consumed beetroot and lemon juice along with Fe tablets, achieved a Mean Rank of 13.41, whereas the control group recorded a Mean Rank of 18.77, with an effectiveness difference of 5.36. Statistical analysis yielded a p-value of 0.048, indicating a significant difference between the groups. In conclusion, the combination of beetroot and lemon juice with Fe tablets effectively increased hemoglobin levels among third-trimester pregnant women with anemia. This finding suggests that such combination therapy can serve as a valuable alternative in the management of anemia during pregnancy.

Cancer is a disease caused by the abnormal growth of body tissue cells. Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death for women worldwide. The 5-year survival rate approaches 97% when tumor cells are confined to breast tissue and drops dramatically to 23% when tumor cells have metastasized to other organs at the time of diagnosis. Myelosuppression is a side effect of chemotherapy in cancer patients. Myelosuppression is a decrease in the number of hemoglobin, platelets, neutrophils, and leukocytes below normal, leading to anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and leukocytopenia. This study aims to determine the effect of chemotherapy on leukocyte and platelet counts in breast cancer patients. This study is a qualitative descriptive study that describes the research topic data using a similar approach to the topic of the literature review. The results of this study indicate that most breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy experience a decrease in platelet and leukocyte counts

Globally, 33% of all productive women aged 15-49 have anemia problems. Anemia is a condition where there is a deficit of erythrocyte cells, which is often found in all age groups, including women of childbearing age (WUS) and young women, namely 29% of young women and non-pregnant women and 38% of pregnant women have problems with anemia. This research aims to determine the effect of giving papaya fruit to young women who suffer from anemia on increasing hemoglobin in the work area of the Jabi Village Community Health Center, Batam City in 2024. This research was conducted using the Pre-Experiment method using the One Group Pretest Posttest Design approach. The sample for this research was 16 young women. The results of this study showed that the majority of young women experienced moderate anemia, as many as 10 young women (62.5%). After giving papaya to young women for 10 days, it was found that the majority of young women were not anemic, as many as 10 young women (62.5%). Based on the results of the Paired Sample T Test statistical test, show that the p-value is 0.000 < 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is an effect of giving papaya fruit to young women who experience anemia on increasing hemoglobin in the working area of the Jabi Village Community Health Center, Batam City in 2024. It is hoped that the Health workforce can minimize anemia in young women by giving them papaya.

Anemia in pregnancy remains a major public health concern, particularly in developing countries where prevalence reaches 38%. Iron deficiency is the leading cause, contributing to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes such as preterm delivery, low birth weight, and maternal mortality. Compliance with iron supplementation is critical, yet data from North Sulawesi indicate that only 60% of pregnant women adhere to recommended intake. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between compliance with Fe tablet consumption and anemia incidence among pregnant women at the Suluun Community Health Center, South Minahasa. Using a cross-sectional design, 100 respondents were selected via purposive sampling based on Slovin’s formula. Data collection involved questionnaires assessing compliance and demographics, alongside hemoglobin measurements to determine anemia status. Statistical analysis employed Chi-Square and logistic regression tests. Results showed that 56.7% of respondents were compliant, while 43.3% were non-compliant. A significant relationship was found between compliance and anemia incidence (p=0.004), with 76.9% of non-compliant women experiencing anemia compared to 23.5% of compliant women. These findings highlight the importance of education, family support, and healthcare access in improving adherence to iron supplementation. Strengthening health programs targeting these factors is essential to reduce anemia prevalence among pregnant women.

Anemia among pregnant women remains a significant public health concern in Indonesia, contributing to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and impaired fetal development. The third trimester represents a critical stage, as iron requirements increase substantially due to rapid fetal growth and expanded maternal blood volume. Insufficient hemoglobin (HB) levels during this period are closely linked to negative health outcomes, highlighting the need for effective prevention strategies. Health education has been widely recognized as an important intervention to enhance knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to nutrition, iron supplementation, and anemia prevention. This study aimed to examine the effect of health education on anemia prevention by assessing hemoglobin levels in third-trimester pregnant women. A quantitative pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach was applied to 30 participants selected through purposive sampling. Hemoglobin levels were measured before and after structured health education sessions covering anemia prevention, iron tablet adherence, dietary improvement, and healthy lifestyle practices. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The findings showed a significant increase in hemoglobin levels after the intervention (p = 0.000). These results indicate that structured health education effectively improves hemoglobin levels and supports anemia prevention in pregnant women.

Background: Pregnant women with poor nutritional status are at risk of experiencing low breast milk production, which in turn can affect the fulfillment of infant nutrition from an early age. Suboptimal breast milk production impacts the growth and development of infants and has the potential to increase the incidence of malnutrition. Based on preliminary data in the Siti Hajar Room of Sultan Hadlirin Islamic Hospital, Jepara, it was found that several postpartum mothers experienced delayed breast milk production with a history of malnutrition. This condition shows the importance of maternal nutritional status during pregnancy as a factor that directly influences lactation. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between the nutritional status of pregnant women and postpartum breast milk production in the Siti Hajar Room of Sultan Hadlirin Islamic Hospital, Jepara. Method: The study used a cross-sectional design with a total sampling technique. A total of 30 postpartum mothers were selected as respondents. The independent variable consisted of the nutritional status of pregnant women as measured by Body Mass Index (BMI), Upper Arm Circumference (LILA), and hemoglobin (Hb) levels. The dependent variable was postpartum breast milk production as observed clinically. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The results of the study showed a significant relationship between the nutritional status of pregnant women and breast milk production. Statistical tests found that BMI (p = 0.018), LiLA (p = 0.027), and Hb levels (p = 0.006) had a significant association with the adequacy of breast milk production. Conclusion: The nutritional status of pregnant women was proven to be closely related to postpartum breast milk production. Mothers with good nutritional status tend to produce sufficient breast milk production. This finding emphasizes the need for routine nutritional monitoring of pregnant women and nutritional education during pregnancy to support the success of exclusive breastfeeding.

Background: Anemia is one of the public health problems commonly found among adolescent girls, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. This condition affects concentration, academic performance, and productivity, making early detection an essential step to prevent long-term complications. Objective: This study aims to determine the results of early detection of anemia based on clinical symptoms and hemoglobin (Hb) levels among adolescent girls at SMPN 18 Palembang. Methods: This research used a descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 132 seventh-grade female students were selected randomly. Data were collected through an anemia symptom questionnaire and hemoglobin level measurement using a hemoglobinometer. Results: The study found that 23.5% of respondents were anemic (Hb < 12 g/dL), and 48.5% showed symptoms of anemia. However, the sensitivity of symptoms in detecting anemia was only 39%, specificity was 19%, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 60.93% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 8.82%. Conclusion: Based on the findings, symptom-based detection alone is not sufficiently accurate to diagnose anemia. Hemoglobin level examination is still required as a more valid and objective screening method for the early detection of anemia in adolescent girls In addition to medical intervention, the study advocates for increased awareness and education about anemia, its causes, and prevention methods among students, parents, and educators. Addressing nutritional deficiencies, especially iron intake, through dietary improvements and supplementation is essential in combating anemia in adolescent girls.

Anemia is a global health problem affecting approximately 30% of adolescents worldwide, with the highest prevalence among women aged 15-49. In Indonesia, data from the Ministry of Health in 2019 showed that the prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls reached 32%, with cases higher than in adolescent boys (27.2% vs. 20.3%). Anemia in adolescent girls negatively impacts growth, increases susceptibility to infection, and affects concentration and academic performance. Research Methods This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) as a dietary intervention to control anemia in adolescent girls. This quantitative study used a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design with 19 adolescent girls from MA Bahrul Ulum Lamongan. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique. Respondents consumed 100 grams of pandan leaf pudding daily for seven days. The results of statistical analysis using the Paired Samples T-Test showed that there was a significant difference in hemoglobin levels (p <0.05) in respondents before and after consuming pandan leaf pudding. These results indicate that consuming pandan leaf pudding is effective in increasing hemoglobin levels in the study group.

Anemia is a medical condition characterized by a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells or hemoglobin levels in the blood. This results in a reduced ability of the blood to carry oxygen throughout the body. Consequently, individuals with anemia may experience various symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, and shortness of breath. The main causes of anemia are generally due to a lack of knowledge about this condition and deficiencies in nutrients such as iron.The purpose of this study is to determine the level of knowledge among ninth-grade female students regarding the prevention of anemia and their ability to prevent it. This study uses a descriptive research method, focusing on describing the level of knowledge of ninth-grade female students about the prevention of anemia.The study uses the Total Sampling method as the sampling technique, which means that all members of the population are included as respondents. Therefore, the number of respondents in this study is equal to the total population of female students, which are 54 individuals. Data collection is conducted using a closed-ended questionnaire consisting of 20 items covering indicators such as the definition of anemia, its etiology, signs and symptoms, treatment, and prevention.The results of the study show that knowledge regarding the definition of anemia is in the good category for 35 respondents (64.8%), knowledge about etiology is in the fair category for 35 respondents (64.8%), knowledge of signs and symptoms was in the fair category for 45 respondents (83.3%), knowledge about treatment is in the good category for 33 respondents (61.1%), and knowledge of prevention is in the fair category for 32 respondents (59.3%).It is hoped that by increasing the knowledge of ninth-grade female students about the prevention of anemia, schools and health workers can work together to carry out regular health education.

Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are global nutritional issues affecting children, particularly in developing countries. The interaction between these two conditions can lead to a more complex condition known as Vitamin A Deficiency Anemia (VADA). This study aims to review the molecular relationship between Vitamin A deficiency and iron metabolism leading to VADA, as well as its impact on children's health. The methodology used in this article is a literature review of various clinical studies, epidemiological research, and relevant molecular experiments. The results show that VADA is primarily a functional iron deficiency, where iron absorption is impaired despite overall body iron levels not being critically low. This mechanism involves the regulation of hepcidin, redistribution of iron, and its effects on erythropoiesis. Additionally, therapy with Vitamin A supplementation has been shown to increase erythropoietin and hemoglobin production in children with dual deficiencies. The implications of these findings highlight the need for more integrated therapeutic strategies that consider both Vitamin A and iron status simultaneously. Further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms more deeply involved in this interaction and to develop more effective therapies for children with VADA.

Hemoglobin examination constitutes an essential procedure in clinical diagnosis, with the SLS-hemoglobin method serving as a non-toxic alternative to cyanmethemoglobin. However, the limited availability of sulfolyser has prompted investigations into the use of soap solutions, which also contain sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), as a potential substitute. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a posttest-only control group on 24 blood samples, comparing the standard sulfolyser reagent with three types of commercial soaps. The analysis revealed significant differences in hemoglobin levels across groups (p < 0.001), with dishwashing soap yielding values most comparable to the control, albeit still statistically lower. These findings confirm that soap solutions are capable of lysing erythrocytes and forming hemoglobin complexes, though variations in product composition constrain the consistency of results. Practically, soap demonstrates potential as a more accessible and cost-effective alternative reagent; however, its application requires concentration standardization to ensure diagnostic validity.

Anemia in pregnancy is a major health problem that increases maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, thus requiring prompt and appropriate management. This study aimed to describe nursing care for Mrs. D, a 19-year-old primigravida with anemia in the Nusa Indah Ward of RSUD dr. Soeselo, Tegal Regency. The method used was a case report with data collected through interviews, direct observation, and medical record review during hospitalization from January 13–15, 2025. Assessment results showed a hemoglobin level of 6.5 g/dL with clinical signs of pallor, cold extremities, tachycardia, and complaints of dizziness and weakness. The nursing diagnoses established were ineffective peripheral perfusion and risk for nutritional deficit. Interventions included monitoring vital signs, providing nutritional education, administering iron and folic acid supplements, and collaborating on blood transfusion. Evaluation indicated both subjective and objective improvement, and the nursing problems were resolved. In conclusion, comprehensive and collaborative nursing care contributed to the improvement of the patient’s condition with pregnancy-related anemia.