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Pancasila as the foundation of the state and the national ideology of Indonesia, has a very important function in shaping the moral values, ethics, as well as the attitudes and behavior of state officials. However, the reality of the persistent prevalence of corruption cases reflects a gap between the values contained in Pancasila and the practices of national and state life. This article aims to examine the implementation of Pancasila values in efforts to prevent and address corruption cases in Indonesia. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a literature review method, conducted through an examination of laws and regulations, scientific journals, and various relevant literary sources. The discussion results show that each principle of Pancasila contains anti-corruption values, such as belief in God that instills honesty, humanitarian values that uphold justice, the value of unity that rejects the interests of certain groups, democratic values that emphasize trustworthiness, and the value of social justice for all Indonesian people. However, the implementation of these values has not been carried out optimally due to weak law enforcement and low moral awareness. Therefore, efforts are needed to strengthen Pancasila education, improve the integrity of state officials, and build a collective commitment to realize clean and just governance.

This study aims to analyze the legal accountability of three judges of the Surabaya District Court who were proven to have been involved in bribery practices during the examination process of a case that resulted in the acquittal of Gregorius Ronald Tannur, the son of Edward Tannur, a former member of the Indonesian House of Representatives from the National Awakening Party (PKB). The study focuses on identifying the forms of legal responsibility that may be imposed on judges who receive bribes, as well as examining the abuse of judicial authority that influenced the issuance of the court decision. This research employs a normative juridical method using a statutory and case approach, through an analysis of Law Number 48 of 2009 on Judicial Power, Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 on the Eradication of Corruption Crimes, Decision of the Surabaya District Court Number 454/Pid.B/2024/PN SBY, and the Joint Decree of the Supreme Court and the Judicial Commission of 2009 concerning the Code of Ethics and Guidelines for Judicial Conduct. The findings indicate that judges proven to have accepted bribes may be subject to criminal sanctions in the form of imprisonment and/or fines, ethical sanctions imposed by the Judicial Commission, as well as administrative sanctions in the form of dishonorable dismissal, and that court decisions rendered by judges involved in bribery may be challenged through available legal remedies. This study underscores the importance of strengthening internal and external oversight mechanisms and enhancing transparency in judicial proceedings to maintain and restore public trust in the judiciary.

Growing life expectancy continues to shift global demographic patterns and significantly increase the proportion of older adults, thereby creating an urgent need for innovative programs that promote wellbeing, maintain functional capacity, and encourage meaningful social participation. This community service initiative aimed to strengthen both motor and cognitive function among older adults through structured and interactive board game activities designed to stimulate thinking, coordination, and social interaction. The program employed a mixed descriptive approach, utilizing interviews, direct observation, and brief assessments conducted before and after the intervention period. Cognitive status was measured using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), while muscle strength was assessed through Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) to capture changes in physical performance. Quantitative analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, qualitative findings demonstrated meaningful positive changes, including increased motivation, more active participation, improved emotional responsiveness, enhanced social interaction, and greater awareness of brain–body coordination among participants. These findings indicate that although short-term measurable changes were limited, board game–based activities can provide valuable psychosocial benefits. When implemented repeatedly and consistently as part of routine programs, such activities may contribute to maintaining cognitive engagement, supporting emotional wellbeing, and fostering a more active and participatory lifestyle among older adults.

The determination of the beginning of the lunar month is an important issue in religious practice and the establishment of the Hijri calendar in Indonesia. The diversity of imkan rukyat criteria used across countries necessitates an evaluation of international standards, including the 2016 Turkish Criteria, which are considered more progressive with parameters of a minimum crescent altitude of 5° and an elongation of 8°. This article examines the relevance of the 2016 Turkish Criteria within the astronomical and jurisprudential context of Indonesia, as well as its implications for the process of determining the beginning of the lunar month by the government and Islamic organizations. Through literature review, comparative astronomical analysis, and examination of hisab–rukyat practices in recent years, this study finds that the 2016 Turkish Criteria exhibit strong astronomical consistency and can enhance calendar predictability. However, its application in Indonesia may lead to discrepancies with the government’s criteria, which currently require a crescent altitude of 3° and an elongation of 6.4°. These implications include potential differences in month beginnings, the need for harmonizing criteria, and the importance of dialogue between national and international astronomical authorities. This study recommends strengthening astronomical and jurisprudential assessments prior to adopting new criteria and encourages the integration of global data to improve the accuracy of the Hijri calendar in Indonesia.

Every individual possesses both rights and obligations that must be understood and exercised in a balanced manner to maintain social order, justice, and collective well-being. A clear understanding of citizens’ responsibilities is essential for creating a prosperous and harmonious society. This study examines the rights and obligations of citizens as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, with a primary focus on exploring how the Constitution guarantees, regulates, and implements these fundamental principles in national life. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through desk research, analysis of constitutional provisions, examination of relevant legal documents, and review of related academic literature. The findings indicate that the 1945 Constitution provides strong protection for fundamental human rights, including the rights to education, health services, employment, legal protection, and freedom of expression. At the same time, the Constitution clearly outlines citizens’ obligations, such as obeying the law, paying taxes, respecting the rights of others, participating in national defense, and contributing to social harmony. The study emphasizes that rights and obligations are interconnected and must be carried out proportionally. Understanding and applying these constitutional principles is crucial for strengthening democratic governance, enhancing legal awareness, and fostering a just, orderly, and sovereign nation.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly among older adults. Integrated Development Posts for Non-Communicable Diseases (Pos Pembinaan Terpadu Penyakit Tidak Menular / Posbindu PTM) play a crucial role in the early detection of NCD risk factors at the community level. This activity aimed to conduct NCD risk factor screening through the measurement of blood pressure, random blood glucose, total cholesterol, and uric acid levels, as well as to provide health consultations for participants of Posbindu Rosella, South Kembangan. The activity was conducted in November 2025 using a descriptive design. A total of 30 Posbindu participants were involved. Health examinations included blood pressure, random blood glucose, total cholesterol, and uric acid measurements. Data were analyzed descriptively and classified into normal and abnormal categories based on clinical guidelines. The majority of participants were female (80%), with a mean age of 60.5 ± 9.7 years. The mean systolic blood pressure was within the hypertensive range. Approximately 50% of participants had impaired glucose regulation, 60% experienced hyperuricemia, and 40% had total cholesterol levels classified as borderline or higher.  Health screening activities at Posbindu revealed a high prevalence of NCD risk factors among participants. Posbindu plays an essential role in early detection and community-based prevention of non-communicable diseases.

This research offers an in-depth examination of three primary Sharia monetary tools—Sukuk, the Sharia Interbank Money Market (PUAS), and Sharia Repo—aimed at enhancing the resilience of Islamic financial systems in Indonesia. Through a descriptive review of existing literature, the paper details Sukuk as asset-supported securities for medium- to long-term funding, PUAS operations grounded in mudharabah and wakalah agreements for brief interbank dealings, and Sharia Repo via SBSN sell-and-buyback arrangements to streamline Sharia bank liquidity. Results indicate these tools work in tandem to handle surplus funds, curb inflation, and bolster Bank Indonesia's monetary framework absent any speculative practices. Policy recommendations emphasize advancing education efforts, regulatory innovations, and infrastructural upgrades to promote equitable expansion within Sharia finance.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a life-threatening disease caused by the dengue virus, which consists of four serotypes: DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4. Laboratory examinations supporting DHF diagnosis include complete blood count, urine analysis, serological tests, and viral identification using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Prevention efforts focus on eliminating Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae through the implementation of 3M Plus, as well as using mosquito bite prevention products such as aromatherapy candles that are simple and practical for community use. Mancasan Baki Village, Sukoharjo, has experienced a high incidence of dengue cases, including fatalities, highlighting the need for community education on the genetic characteristics and molecular diagnostics of the dengue virus and preventive measures using innovative products. Educational activities were conducted through community presentations and demonstrations on making aromatherapy candles. The effectiveness of the program was measured by comparing participants’ knowledge before and after the intervention. The average pretest score was 6.63, which increased to 8.89 in the posttest. Statistical analysis using a t-test showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Participant satisfaction results indicated that 64.5% rated the program as good, 32.5% as very good, and 3% as fairly good.

This study aims to analyze hematocrit values ​​using a micro method with capillary blood samples in pregnant women with anemia at the Sidodadi Kisaran Barat Community Health Center. This study is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach involving 15 pregnant women as respondents. Data collection was carried out through hematocrit laboratory examinations and data collection of respondent characteristics. The results showed that 60% of respondents had hematocrit levels below normal values, while 40% of respondents had hematocrit levels within normal limits. Low hematocrit levels in pregnant women are influenced by several factors, including age, education level, employment status, and level of knowledge about anemia during pregnancy. This condition has the potential to increase the risk of pregnancy complications if not optimally managed. Therefore, it is recommended that health workers continue to increase educational efforts regarding anemia prevention, the importance of regular pregnancy check-ups, and encourage pregnant women to maintain a balanced nutritional consumption pattern and adequate iron intake to support maternal and fetal health.

Measurement is a fundamental domain of mathematics that connects formal mathematical concepts with everyday experiences. Despite its practical relevance, students often experience persistent difficulties in understanding measurement conceptually, tending to approach it as a procedural activity rather than as a process of reasoning about quantities, units, and comparisons. These challenges indicate that learning measurement is influenced not only by individual cognitive factors but also by the social dynamics that shape classroom learning environments. This study aims to examine classroom social dynamics in learning measurement by providing empirical evidence from contextual learning situations. This study employed a qualitative research approach to explore how social interaction, scaffolding, and participation mediate students’ understanding of measurement in contextual learning environments. Data were collected through classroom observations, video recordings of learning activities, analysis of students’ written work, and interviews with selected students and the teacher. Contextual measurement tasks were designed to encourage collaboration, dialogue, and justification, enabling the examination of student–student and teacher–student interactions as they naturally occurred in the classroom. Data analysis was conducted iteratively to identify patterns of interaction, forms of scaffolding, and students’ learning progression within the Zone of Proximal Development. The findings reveal that students initially engaged with measurement tasks in a predominantly procedural manner, with limited conceptual understanding and minimal peer interaction. After the implementation of contextual learning situations, classroom social dynamics changed substantially. Students became more actively involved in discussion, collaborative problem-solving, and collective meaning-making. Peer interaction supported the articulation and refinement of students’ reasoning, while teacher scaffolding guided learning by extending students’ thinking without providing direct solutions. These social processes facilitated students’ movement from their actual level of understanding toward higher levels of conceptual competence within the Zone of Proximal Development. The study further shows that contextual learning tasks alone are insufficient to promote meaningful understanding unless they are supported by productive social interaction and adaptive scaffolding. Conceptual understanding of measurement emerged through socially mediated processes rather than through task completion alone. This study contributes to mathematics education research by emphasizing the central role of classroom social dynamics in contextual learning and by offering insights into how interaction and scaffolding can be orchestrated to support students’ conceptual understanding of measurement.

The interval between 2018 and 2025 represents a defining epoch in financial assurance, characterized by a systemic collision between traditional audit methodologies and the exponential sophistication of fraudulent actors. This research employs a comprehensive library research methodology, utilizing Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to evaluate the evolving landscape of audit and fraud. The study traces the theoretical migration from Cressey’s Fraud Triangle to multidimensional frameworks like the Fraud Pentagon, which emphasizes the roles of arrogance and competence. Through a forensic examination of catastrophic audit failures including Wirecard, FTX, and the emerging risks of crypto-assets, the research identifies recurring patterns of auditor failure in assessing operational risks and internal controls. Furthermore, the report analyzes the dual-edged impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI); while machine learning algorithms offer enhanced detection capabilities, the rise of Generative AI (GenAI) and deepfake technology has empowered perpetrators to execute sophisticated "synthetic reality" frauds. The study critically evaluates regulatory responses, particularly the revision of International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 240, which mandates a more proactive "fraud lens." The findings suggest that the auditing profession faces an existential crisis of relevance, necessitating a fundamental shift toward a forensic mindset supported by advanced technological integration.

Pregnancy is a crucial period that requires special attention to maternal nutritional status, including the prevention of anemia through the consumption of Multiple Micronutrient Supplements (MMS). Compliance with MMS consumption remains a challenge due to physical, psychological, and social factors. This study aims to analyze the role of Posyandu cadres as peer support in improving compliance with MMS consumption and preventing anemia in pregnant women in the Bongo II Community Health Center, Boalemo Regency. The study used a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design with a total sample of 20 pregnant women. Peer support interventions in the form of education, motivation, reminders, and routine monitoring were carried out for 4 weeks. Data were collected through questionnaires, MMS consumption records, and hemoglobin level examinations, then analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and paired t-test. The results showed a significant increase in the mean score of MMS consumption compliance from 61.2 to 80.5 (p = 0.002) and the mean hemoglobin level from 10.7 g/dL to 11.4 g/dL (p = 0.014). This finding confirms the effectiveness of peer support by Posyandu cadres in increasing compliance with MMS consumption and improving anemia status.

Anxiety is an excessive state of tension characterized by feelings due to a response to stress or conflicting conditions. This study aims to investigate the relationship between anxiety disorders and sleep quality among nursing students during the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in the Diploma III Nursing Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Abulyatama University. This study consisted of 168 individuals. The sample was 65 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research was conducted from July 25th to 29th, 2025. This study employed a descriptive analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. The research instruments were the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The data was analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The research results indicated a significant relationship between anxiety disorders and the sleep quality of students during the OSCE at the Diploma III Nursing Program, Abulyatama University, with a p-value of 0.025 (p < 0.05). Based on this finding, this study proves a relationship between anxiety disorders and sleep quality among the Diploma III students during the OSCE preparation. This study suggests that students and the university provide counselling sessions before the test to reduce the effects of anxiety disorders in students. Therefore, this study serves as a resource to raise awareness on how to manage emotions during exam preparation.

The mathematics learning outcomes of students at SMP Negeri 3 Bontang on Rational Numbers are still relatively low. Data from the 2019 National Examination (UN) shows an average math score of 46.43, which is in the "poor" category. Summative assessment results indicate that most students have not yet achieved the Learning Objective Achievement Criteria (KKTP). This situation indicates that the learning process tends to be conventional and lacks active student engagement. Therefore, a more innovative learning model is needed, one of which is the Team Games Tournament (TGT), which combines group work, competition, and educational games. This study aims to determine the effect of the TGT learning model on the mathematics learning outcomes of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 3 Bontang in the topic of Rational Numbers. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental type and a Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The study population was 203 seventh-grade students in the 2024/2025 academic year, with a sample consisting of class VII A as the experimental group (33 students) and class VII F as the control group (34 students), selected through a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument was a five-item essay test. The analysis results showed that the average posttest of the experimental group was 67.848, higher than the control group at 61.794. The Independent Sample t-Test produced a significance value of 0.031 <0.05, so H₀ was rejected. This indicates that the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model has a significant effect on improving students' mathematics learning outcomes in the Rational Numbers material.

This article provides a comprehensive examination of the application of the lex loci celebrationis principle in the execution of notarial deeds involving foreign legal subjects within the Indonesian legal system. The principle affirms that any authentic deed executed in Indonesia must comply with national legal requirements, regardless of the parties’ nationality or the existence of transnational legal relations. Through normative legal research employing statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case-study approaches, this article elucidates how the lex loci celebrationis principle interacts with private international law, particularly in relation to the legal capacity of foreign nationals, the use of foreign documents, and the limits of jurisdiction. The analysis reviews the Law on Notarial Office, the Indonesian Civil Code, population administration regulations, as well as doctrinal developments and jurisprudence pertaining to international legal acts. The findings indicate that although the substantive aspects of an agreement may refer to foreign law through lex voluntatis, the formal validity of a notarial deed remains entirely governed by Indonesian law. These findings underscore the need to enhance the competence of notaries in understanding the dynamics of private international law and highlight the importance of harmonizing national regulations with the principles of private international law to ensure legal certainty in cross-border transactions.

Background: Oral health is an important indicator of overall health, well-being, and quality of life. According to the WHO, oral health is a state of freedom from various diseases and conditions, including dental and oral diseases that limit an individual's ability to bite, chew, smile, speak, and psychosocial well-being. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain oral hygiene as an effort to improve oral health. Case report: A 45-year-old man came to Soelastri General Hospital complaining of a large cavity in his upper left tooth. The tooth had been painful for about a year and had not undergone any treatment.Extraoral examination revealed a symmetrical face. Clinical examination of the maxillary left first premolar revealed a large cavity on the distoocclusal surface with pulpal depth.  Discussion: Perforations can be treated through cavity access; the prognosis depends on the elimination and prevention of infection in the perforation area and the choice of material. The success of perforation closure management is influenced by several factors, including the timing of perforation closure, the choice of material used, the location of the perforation, and adequate perforation closure. Conclusion: Case of maxillary left premolar with diagnosis of pulp necrosis which experienced lateral perforation and the area was closed using MTA, then root canal treatment.  

This research undertakes a comparative analysis of the concept of divorce within the frameworks of Islamic Family Law and Buddhist Ethics. Marriage, recognized as a profound bond of both physical and spiritual union, holds significant value in both religious traditions. However, contemporary social realities reveal a high incidence of divorce, prompting a critical examination of the legal and ethical mechanisms governing its dissolution. Within Islamic jurisprudence, divorce (talak) is permitted but considered detestable by Allah, governed by stringent procedural mechanisms including talak (the husband’s right), khulu’ or gugat cerai (the wife’s right to initiate), and fasakh (judicial intervention). These processes carry clear legal implications concerning the waiting period (iddah), the possibility of reconciliation (rujuk), and the division of marital property. Conversely, while Buddhism does not explicitly prohibit divorce, the teachings of the Buddha strongly encourage spouses to exhaust all avenues for peaceful conflict resolution before considering separation as a last resort. The ethical framework in Buddhism grants equal rights to both parties to dissolve the marriage. This study employs a qualitative descriptive analytical method through library research, drawing upon primary legal texts such as Indonesia’s Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) for Muslims, alongside the Vinaya Pitaka for adherents of Buddhism. The findings indicate that while both traditions view divorce as a final option, they diverge fundamentally in their legal structures; Islamic law establishes specific, gender-differentiated rights and obligations, whereas Buddhist ethics emphasize mutual consent and personal responsibility without formal legalistic procedures. The research concludes by recommending that couples, regardless of faith, prioritize reconciliation and peace, aligning with the core principles of both religions, and urges policymakers and legal practitioners to promote harmonious family life and reconsider legal frameworks that might better serve the welfare of children and families.

Multiple diastema is a space or gap between two or more adjacent teeth. Diastema management can be corrected using removable orthodontic treatment and eliminating etiological factors. Treatment in this case shows the progress of successful treatment of multiple diastema in Soelastri General Hospital using removable orthodontic appliances based on the indications and needs of patient care. Case management: A 24-year-old woman came to Soelastri General Hospital Surakarta with complaints of gaps in the teeth between the 4 lower front incisors. The patient's bad habit history is known to be tongue thrusting. Intraoral examination found interdental gaps in the 4 lower incisors measuring 33.32 (1.6mm), 32.31 (1.2mm), 31.41 (1.1mm), 41.42 (1.3mm). Diastema closure with finger spring activation towards the mesial and labial arches of the upper and lower jaws. Activation was carried out gradually at each control so that the diastema at the fourth control on teeth 33-32 (0.5 mm). Conclusion: This shows that removable orthodontic appliances are effective for closing multiple diastema with mild to moderate degrees, with patient compliance in using the appliance and the effect of using a tongue crib in reducing the patient's tongue thrusting habit.

This research aims to analyze, examine, and identify the forms of legal protection available for child victims of bullying, as well as to assess government measures in providing compensation to these victims based on Indonesia’s ius constituendum framework. In recent years, bullying cases involving minors have significantly increased, leaving victims unable to defend themselves. The primary issues addressed in this study concern the legal protection afforded to child victims of bullying and the manner in which the government provides compensation in accordance with the envisioned future law (ius constituendum) in Indonesia. This study employs a normative legal research method, relying on the examination of legal materials. The approach used is the statute approach, referring to relevant laws and regulations. The findings reveal the types of legal protection accessible to child victims of bullying and the measures that the government may implement to provide compensation in alignment with Indonesia’s aspirational legal framework.

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy and financial inclusion on the financial management of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Makale District. Sound financial management is an important factor for the sustainability and growth of MSMEs; therefore, an empirical examination of the factors influencing it is necessary. This study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data analysis is conducted through multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS statistical software version 26. The research population includes all MSME actors in Makale District, with a sample of 88 respondents selected using a random sampling technique to ensure equal participation opportunities. The independent variables in this study are financial literacy and financial inclusion, while the dependent variable is MSME financial management. The results indicate that financial literacy has a positive and significant partial effect on MSME financial management. This finding suggests that the better MSME actors understand financial concepts and practices, the better their ability to manage business finances. In contrast, financial inclusion does not have a significant partial effect on financial management. However, financial literacy and financial inclusion simultaneously have a significant effect on financial management. The coefficient of determination of 69.3% indicates that most of the variation in MSME financial management can be explained by these two variables. This study concludes that improving financial literacy is a key factor in enhancing MSME financial management.