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Churches and Christian institutions frequently face the challenge of congregations whose understanding of ministry remains confined to the spiritual dimension alone, while the holistic ministry mandate calls for active engagement across social, educational, and economic spheres. This study examines two primary objectives: first, how Christian Religious Education (CRE) shapes congregational understanding of holistic church ministry; and second, how CRE equips congregants with the concrete capacity to serve comprehensively. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed at Yayasan Sola Gratia Medan. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with seven informants comprising foundation leaders, program coordinators, active church members, volunteers, and beneficiaries. Analysis followed a thematic framework encompassing data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. Findings reveal that: (1) consistent CRE implementation at Yayasan Sola Gratia has successfully shifted the congregational ministry paradigm from exclusively spiritual to holistically transformative; and (2) congregants who have internalized CRE values demonstrate more structured ministry capacity, stronger theological motivation, and significant cross-dimensional engagement. This research contributes a contextual CRE model relevant for church-based institutions operating in multidimensional urban environments.

Gorontalo Province possesses significant mineral resource potential, particularly gold, silver, and copper, positioning the mining sector as a key driver of regional economic growth. However, a shortage of skilled local labor and the scarcity of vocational educational institutions in the mining field severely hamper human resource development in this sector. This study aims to design a Mining Polytechnic Campus in Gorontalo by applying sustainable architecture principles, encompassing energy efficiency, environmentally friendly materials, sound wastewater management, and user comfort. The research approach involves literature studies, field observations, interviews with relevant stakeholders, and quantitative data analysis regarding resource potential, the number of senior high school students, and educational space requirements. The design results emphasize site arrangement, building mass configuration, utility systems, and interior and exterior spaces that support academic, social, and community activities. The application of sustainable architecture principles is expected to create a campus that not only meets the needs of mining vocational education but also contributes to environmental conservation and sustainable regional development.

This study aims to analyze strategies for increasing reading interest in developing a literate generation among elementary school students and to identify factors influencing literacy culture within school and family environments. The phenomenon of low reading interest among elementary school students has become a significant concern because the rapid development of digital technology tends to shift students’ attention from reading activities to audiovisual entertainment. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using a case study method at SDN 1 Notoharjo. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The participants consisted of one classroom teacher and four third-grade students of SDN 1 Notoharjo. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was tested using source triangulation and method triangulation. The findings revealed that literacy strengthening was implemented through morning reading activities, book discussions, the use of visual and digital media such as e-books, and the utilization of reading corners and school libraries. The study also found that students’ reading interest was influenced by the availability of reading materials, the comfort of literacy environments, family support, and the dominant use of gadgets for entertainment purposes. This study contributes scientifically by strengthening the concept of collaborative literacy involving schools, families, and digital technology in developing reading culture among elementary school students. The findings imply the need for more integrated, adaptive, and sustainable literacy programs to improve students’ reading interest in the digital era.  

The presence of Generation Z, who grew up entirely in the digital era, has triggered a fundamental transformation in Muslim religious practices, where social media has replaced conventional religious institutions as the primary source of religious information. This condition creates a paradox: Gen Z has become a generation that is highly religious online, yet is often disconnected from physical communities and traditional religious authorities. This study aims to analyze the character of Muslim Gen Z religiosity, identify its forming factors, and examine the impact of the digital era on their religiosity. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach using a library research method. The findings indicate that Muslim Gen Z religiosity is characterized by personalization, flexibility, and digital spirituality, strongly influenced by social media. These characteristics are shaped by massive digital technology accessibility, the effectiveness of contextual Islamic preaching on platforms such as TikTok, as well as spiritual needs and social pressure from the digital environment. The digital era brings positive impacts in the form of increased accessibility and religious literacy, but also negative impacts including shallow religious understanding, vulnerability to information bias, and potential exposure to extreme ideologies. This study implies the importance of an integrated digital religious literacy strategy through critical thinking-based Islamic Religious Education curriculum reform, enhancement of educators' digital capacity, and cross-sector collaboration to strengthen Gen Z's moderate and reflective religious understanding.

This study was conducted based on the low level of student activeness and understanding in IPAS learning at the elementary school level. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the role play method in improving students’ activeness and learning outcomes. This study employed a classroom action research approach involving 27 students. The data were collected through observation and evaluation of student learning outcomes. The findings revealed a significant improvement in both student participation and understanding after the implementation of the role play method. Students became more active in asking questions, responding to the teacher, and participating in classroom activities. In terms of learning outcomes, 85.2% of students were able to answer questions correctly and demonstrated good understanding, while the remaining 14.8% also achieved the minimum criteria. These results indicate that learning through direct experience enhances students’ comprehension. The implication of this study suggests that the role play method can be used as an effective alternative teaching strategy to create an interactive, engaging, and student-centered learning environment in elementary education.

The development of digital technology has brought about significant changes in various aspects of life, including early childhood faith education. Today’s children are growing up in an environment familiar with digital media, making it necessary to adopt a catechetical approach that keeps pace with the times. This article aims to examine the use of digital catechesis as a tool for early childhood faith education. This study employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, gathering data from books, scientific journals, research articles, Church documents, and other relevant sources. The data is analyzed using descriptive-qualitative methods to understand the benefits, challenges, and role of digital catechesis in fostering children’s faith. Research findings indicate that digital catechesis can serve as an effective, engaging, and interactive medium for helping children learn about the teachings of the faith from an early age. The use of animated videos, religious songs, educational images, and learning apps can enhance children’s interest in learning, attention, and understanding of Catholic faith values. Furthermore, digital catechesis also assists the Church, families, and schools in providing faith education that is more contextual and aligned with the world of today’s children. However, the use of digital media still requires the guidance of parents, teachers, and faith mentors so that children receive proper direction and are protected from the negative impacts of technology. Thus, digital catechesis is a relevant tool in the faith education of young children when used wisely and purposefully. The presence of digital media does not replace the role of faith educators but serves as a tool that enriches the process of proclaiming the faith in the modern era.

Inclusive education aims to provide equal learning opportunities for all students, including those with special needs, within regular educational settings. However, mathematics learning in inclusive classrooms remains challenging because mathematical concepts are often abstract and require logical reasoning that may not be easily accessible to learners with diverse cognitive characteristics. Ethnomathematics has emerged as an alternative approach by integrating cultural practices, local wisdom, and students’ daily experiences into mathematics instruction, creating more meaningful and accessible learning environments. This study aims to analyze the development, implementation patterns, opportunities, and research gaps related to ethnomathematics in inclusive mathematics learning. A literature review method was employed by examining scientific publications from 2020–2025 obtained from Google Scholar, Scopus, ERIC, Springer, and ProQuest databases. Data were analyzed through content analysis involving reduction, classification, interpretation, and synthesis. The findings indicate that ethnomathematics has been implemented through cultural artifacts, digital teaching materials, and project-based contextual learning. The approach supports inclusive learning through multi-representational access, instructional adaptations, scaffolding strategies, and collaborative teaching practices aligned with Universal Design for Learning principles. Furthermore, ethnomathematics enhances students’ motivation, conceptual understanding, mathematical literacy, and cultural identity. Nevertheless, studies focusing on disability-specific adaptations and long-term learning outcomes remain limited and require further investigation.

Bullying is a serious problem that can disrupt the learning process and mental development of students, including in Islamic boarding schools. Early detection of bullying is essential to creating a safe and conducive learning environment. This study aims to apply the You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm to automatically detect bullying through video recordings in the environment of the SMK Skill Village Islamic School Business Boarding School. The method used involves collecting a video dataset representing various types of bullying behavior, labeling the data, and training an object detection model using the YOLOv5 algorithm. The developed system is capable of detecting and classifying bullying behavior in real- time with detection accuracy reaching [accuracy value if known]. The implementation of this system is expected to assist school authorities and boarding school administrators in monitoring, preventing, and addressing bullying incidents more quickly and effectively, while also serving as an initial step in leveraging artificial intelligence technology to create a safer and more comfortable educational environment.

This research is motivated by the problems in manual attendance systems at schools, which remain vulnerable to fraud, time-consuming, and inefficient. The expected solution is to develop an automated attendance system based on face recognition that can operate in realtime with high accuracy. The research object is vocational high school students, with the applied method implementing the YOLO v10 algorithm for face detection, followed by the face_recognition library for identification. The instruments used include an Imou CCTV camera as the input device, a mid-range laptop as the hardware platform, and Python with SQLite as the software environment for data processing and attendance storage. The results show that the developed system achieved an average face detection accuracy of 96% under normal lighting and 91% under low lighting, with an average processing speed of 27 FPS. The implementation of an anti-duplication feature also ensured data validity by allowing each student to be recorded only once per day. In conclusion, the use of YOLO v10 in face-based attendance proved to be effective, efficient, and capable of reducing fraud. The implication of this study is that the system can be applied in both Islamic boarding schools and general schools as a modernization of attendance systems, with a recommendation for further development through web-based application and cloud database integration.

This study aims to analyze the relevance of Robert Raikes' Christian educational thinking to the character formation of children in contemporary Sunday School services. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method. Data were obtained from various literature sources such as books, scientific journals, and research articles related to Christian education, character education, and the history of Sunday School development. Data analysis techniques were carried out through the stages of data reduction, grouping themes, interpretation, and drawing conclusions using descriptive qualitative methods. The results show that Robert Raikes' thoughts remain relevant in modern Christian education, especially in the formation of children's character through the teaching of God's Word, discipline, role models, and the instilling of Christian values. Sunday School plays an important role as a means of fostering faith, morality, and social responsibility in children from an early age. In addition, the challenges of the digital era require churches to develop more creative, interactive, and contextual learning methods without abandoning the basic values ​​of the Christian faith. This study confirms that the success of children's character formation depends not only on the church, but also on the role of Sunday School teachers and families who work together to build a conducive spiritual environment. Thus, Robert Raikes' thinking makes an important contribution to the development of Christian education that is relevant in the modern era.

One of the goals of a building is to create a comfortable environment that does not affect the health and operations of its occupants, therefore a system needs to be created to ensure comfort in classrooms. To fulfill a comfortable situation, there is a standard that regulates comfort, especially thermal and visual comfort. Thermal comfort is regulated in SNI 03-6572-2001 and visual comfort is regulated in SNI 03-6575-2001. The aim of this research is to design a tool to automatically monitor temperature and lighting, determine greater accuracy, determine temperature and lighting comfort distances, and test Smart Comfort measurement results in accordance with the SNI-03-6571-2001 and SNI-03-6575-2001 conformity standards. This design uses ESP32 with IoT-based LDR and DHT11 sensors which can be seen on the web and application, determines the accuracy and range of Smart Comfort values for monitoring temperature and lighting and determines the suitability of measurement quantities in the SDN PINANG 3 classroom.

This study investigates the decoupling phenomenon between ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) sustainability reporting and communal Tri Hita Karana (THK) sustainability practices in a Rural Bank in Bali. Through Ethnographic Content Analysis (ECA) of official documents from BPR Luhur Damai covering 2023–2025, this study identifies that the Sustainability Report (SR), prepared strictly according to Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) 51/2017, does not incorporate substantial THK practices, namely banten (ceremonial offerings) Rp131.6 million, dana punia (religious donations) Rp8.5 million, and monthly banjar (communal community unit) contributions, producing a Hindu religious expenditure to formal Social and Environmental Responsibility (SER) ratio of 10:1. Drawing on the Institutional Logics perspective, this study identifies four decoupling mechanisms: (1) cognitive, namely THK as taken-for-granted, not perceived as “sustainability”; (2) administrative, namely departmental silos between Compliance and General Affairs; (3) template, namely POJK 51/2017 provides no space for local wisdom; and (4) capacity, namely limited Human Resources (HR) and institutional capacity. These findings lead to the concept of “invisible sustainability,” that is, real sustainability contributions that are invisible to conventional reporting frameworks, and “cultural accounting gap,” that is, the absence of accounting categories for local cultural-religious contributions. The theoretical contribution is demonstrating that decoupling in Global South contexts is not merely symbolic compliance but results from structural misalignment between transnational and communal logics that renders local sustainability contributions institutionally invisible.

The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy, both physically and mentally, may be rather uncomfortable, particularly in the second and third trimesters. Pregnant women often report back discomfort, muscular aches, trouble sleeping, excessive exhaustion, and irregular sleep patterns. Mothers' physical and mental health as well as the health of their unborn children may be significantly impacted by inadequate sleep quality during pregnancy. To enhance comfort and the quality of sleep during pregnancy, one non-pharmacological technique is to use an aromatherapy maternity pillow. An ergonomic and ecologically sustainable invention to enhance mother comfort during pregnancy was the goal of this research, which intended to produce a Pregnancy Pillow Therapy product with pineapple leaf fiber and aromatherapy. A descriptive research design using a prototype creation technique was used in this study. The stages of the research included problem identification, literature review, product design, material selection, prototype manufacturing, and product evaluation. Data were collected through literature studies and observations related to sleep discomfort in pregnancy, maternity pillow utilization, aromatherapy therapy, and pineapple leaf fiber characteristics. The developed product was designed ergonomically to support the back, abdomen, waist, and legs of pregnant women. The addition of aromatherapy was intended to provide a relaxing effect and improve sleep quality. The use of pineapple leaf fiber also supports environmentally friendly product innovation through agricultural waste utilization. The results indicate that Pregnancy Pillow Therapy has the potential to become a supportive product for improving comfort and sleep quality among pregnant women. Further studies are recommended to evaluate product effectiveness directly among pregnant women.

To address the negative impacts of teenage romantic relationships on peer dynamics and academic achievement at SMP Negeri 5 Sipahutar, school authorities implemented a regulation prohibiting dating, in line with Pancasila character education principles. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of this policy on fostering positive social behavior among ninth-grade students. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach and involved 81 students as respondents. Data were collected using a four-level multiple-choice agreement questionnaire consisting of ten items. The analysis results showed a total score of 2707, a mean score of 33.42, a standard deviation of 4.8, and an average scale score of 3.34. The findings revealed that 78.2% of students agreed that the regulation encouraged peer cooperation, improved discipline in obeying school rules, and supported effective group learning. In addition, the policy appeared to contribute to a more positive school environment by reducing distractions associated with adolescent dating behavior. These findings indicate that school-based regulations can play an important role in shaping adolescent character and social behavior based on national values. Therefore, such policies may serve as an effective preventive strategy for educational institutions that aim to strengthen character education and promote responsible student conduct.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of assertive communication techniques in cross-cultural counseling for reducing avoidance behavior among students experiencing interpersonal friendship conflicts. Cultural differences between counselors and clients may influence communication patterns, emotional expression, and conflict resolution processes during counseling sessions. Friendship conflicts among university students commonly arise from jealousy, misunderstanding, social comparison, and ineffective interpersonal communication. These conditions often encourage students to avoid direct interaction to prevent further conflict. This study employed an experimental method using a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The participants were students who experienced friendship conflicts and demonstrated avoidance behavior tendencies. Data were collected through counseling individual. The intervention was delivered through counseling sessions that used assertive communication techniques and combined behavioral and humanistic approaches in a cross-cultural counseling setting. The findings revealed that assertive communication techniques were effective in reducing students’ avoidance behavior. After receiving the intervention, participants demonstrated greater confidence in expressing opinions, improved emotional regulation, increased openness in communication, and healthier interpersonal relationships. The study indicates that assertive communication in cross-cultural counseling can serve as an effective counseling strategy to help students manage interpersonal conflicts and improve social adjustment in higher education environments.

The observation of guidance and counseling activities was conducted at SDN 2 Pasaleman, located in Pasaleman Village, Kresna Street, Dusun Pon. This study aimed to identify the problems faced by students and to examine the role of teachers in implementing guidance and counseling services at the elementary school level. Data were collected through direct observation in the school environment and interviews with homeroom teachers. The results indicated several student-related issues, including verbal bullying such as teasing, low learning motivation, fighting behavior among lower-grade students, and a tendency to skip school among upper-grade students. These issues were influenced by peer environments, limited supervision, and low awareness of the importance of education. Teachers have made various efforts, including providing guidance, applying individual approaches, and maintaining communication with parents. Additionally, character values are integrated into daily learning activities. In general, guidance and counseling services have been implemented, but further improvement in more systematic strategies and broader support is still required.

This article examines the leadership of Bu Nyai at Al-Azhar Azzayadiyah Islamic Boarding School as a representation of gender equality within traditional Islamic educational institutions. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies as data collection techniques. The research focuses on how Bu Nyai exercises leadership authority within a pesantren environment that has long been influenced by patriarchal values.\n\nThe findings reveal that Bu Nyai’s leadership is not only cultural and spiritual in nature, but also reflects the transformation of women’s roles within Islamic boarding schools. In carrying out her leadership, Bu Nyai applies charismatic, transformational, and value-based leadership styles grounded in Islamic teachings on justice and equality. This leadership is reflected in her ability to guide students, manage educational activities, build harmonious social relationships, and motivate members of the pesantren community.\n\nFurthermore, the presence of Bu Nyai as a leader demonstrates that women possess equal capabilities in developing Islamic educational institutions. The findings of this study provide important contributions to the development of gender studies in Islamic education in Indonesia, particularly regarding the strategic role of women in pesantren leadership.

This study aims to describe the implementation of instilling Islamic Religious Education values in the aspects of the Qur’an and Aqidah at TPQ Fattuhul Qulub, Doyo Baru District. The background of this research is based on the importance of Islamic religious education in shaping children’s character and morals from an early age amid the decline in the morality of the younger generation. TPQ, as a non-formal educational institution, has an important role in instilling Islamic values through learning the Qur’an, aqidah, and morals. However, in its implementation, several obstacles are still found, such as the low understanding of students regarding religious values, varying abilities in reading the Qur’an, and the lack of support from family and community environments.This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation at TPQ Fattuhul Qulub, Doyo Baru District. The focus of the research includes the planning, implementation, and evaluation processes of instilling Islamic Religious Education values in the aspects of the Qur’an and Aqidah.The results of the study indicate that the instillation of Islamic Religious Education values has been carried out through structured stages of planning, implementation, and evaluation. The learning process was conducted using the methods of Iqra’, tahsin, tahfidz, talaqqi, lectures, role modeling, habituation, and exemplary stories. In the Qur’anic aspect, students were guided to read the Qur’an according to tajwid rules and memorize short surahs, while in the Aqidah aspect, students were taught the pillars of faith, the attributes of Allah and His Messenger, and the formation of Islamic morals. The evaluation results showed improvements in Qur’anic reading skills, memorization, understanding of aqidah, and changes in students’ religious behavior, such as becoming more disciplined, polite, and diligent in worship. This success was supported by the exemplary behavior of the teachers and the involvement of parents in the learning process.

This research is grounded in the understanding that employees are the core of organizational sustainability, and their job satisfaction is shaped not only by daily tasks but also by the organization’s ability to manage workload and support balance between work demands and personal life. This study aims to analyze the effect of workload and work-life balance on employee job satisfaction at the Class I Correctional Center (Bapas) Makassar. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 54 employees and analyzed using multiple linear regression assisted by SPSS Statistics 25. The research variables consist of workload and work-life balance as independent variables, and job satisfaction as the dependent variable. The findings indicate that workload has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, suggesting that employees’ perception of being able to complete tasks effectively can increase their comfort and confidence at work. Work-life balance also shows a positive and significant influence, indicating that the ability to manage both work responsibilities and personal life contributes directly to greater feelings of satisfaction, stability, and motivation in performing duties. Simultaneously, both variables significantly affect job satisfaction, emphasizing the importance for organizations to regulate workload proportionally while providing space for employees to maintain a healthy life balance. These findings highlight that effective workload management and support for work-life balance are crucial organizational investments to foster a healthy, productive, and employee-centered work environment.

The rapid growth of digital technology and social media has reshaped communication practices, consumer behavior, and marketing approaches, particularly among Generation Z, who are widely recognized as digital natives. For this generation, social media serves as a major channel for obtaining information and exploring product references before making purchase decisions. In this environment, influencer marketing has emerged as a prominent promotional approach because it can foster audience interaction, emotional connection, and trust more effectively than conventional advertising. This study examines the role of influencer marketing in shaping the digital behavior of Generation Z in Indonesia. A qualitative literature review method was employed by analyzing secondary sources drawn from academic journals, books, and related publications. The findings indicate that influencer marketing has a meaningful influence on information-seeking behavior, decision-making processes, and the level of digital engagement among Generation Z. Influencers are commonly viewed as more credible, relatable, and authentic sources of information. Furthermore, the effectiveness of influencer marketing is determined more by credibility, authenticity, and the quality of interaction than by follower count alone. These findings suggest that companies should adopt digital marketing strategies that are more interactive, personalized, and relationship-oriented in order to engage Generation Z more effectively.