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This research is motivated by the need for interactive digital learning media to increase interest in learning and understanding of multiplication concepts in elementary school students. This study aims to develop interactive Math Space media based on space math adventure games on multiplication material for third-grade students of Mursyidah Elementary School and assess its feasibility based on aspects of validity, response, and effectiveness. The method used is research and development with a 4D model that includes the stages of definition, design, development, and dissemination. Data were collected through expert validation, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The results showed that the Math Space media has a very high level of validity with a percentage of 94% from material experts and 95% from media experts. Meanwhile, positive responses from teachers and students were 94.5% which is included in the very good category. Meanwhile, the effectiveness test produced an N-gain value of 0.87 which is in the very effective category, so this media is proven to be able to significantly improve understanding of multiplication concepts. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the interactive Math Space media is valid, has received positive feedback, and is effective for use in learning mathematics, especially multiplication, and has the potential to be developed for other materials and subjects.

This study aims to develop a PAFE (KPK FPB BOARD) learning medium for KPK and FPB materials for fifth-grade students at SDN 47 Gresik. This research uses the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) model, which focuses on the analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation, and feasibility testing of the resulting learning media. This media was developed as an interactive tool capable of increasing learning interest, strengthening conceptual understanding, and providing a more enjoyable learning experience. The results indicate that Math Space media meets three main aspects of educational media development: validity, practicality, and effectiveness. In terms of validity, the media expert's assessment obtained a percentage of 95% and a percentage of 80.9%, respectively. Based on the average of the two results, the percentage obtained was 87.9%, making it highly valid. In terms of practicality and effectiveness, the N-gain calculation result of 0.80 is categorized as very effective, thus demonstrating that the use of the media significantly improves understanding of the KPK and FPB concepts. In terms of practicality, student responses reached 92.8%, indicating that this media is highly practical, easy to use, engaging, and supports independent learning. Overall, the PAFE (KPK FPB BOARD) learning media was deemed feasible, practical, and effective for use in mathematics learning, particularly in KPK and FPB. Furthermore, this media is flexible and can be used for both in-class and out-of-class learning.

Effective communication is essential for teamwork effectiveness in healthcare, particularly in inpatient units where patient care requires coordination among multiple professionals. Internal data from Hospital X showed that more than 50% of medical incidents in the last two years were related to miscommunication among healthcare workers. In addition, the 2024 employee satisfaction survey reported that workplace communication satisfaction was only 62%, below the hospital target of 75%. This study aimed to examine the influence of effective communication on teamwork effectiveness with interprofessional collaboration as an intervening variable at Hospital X.This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design involving 226 healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, and medical support staff. Data were analyzed using the Three-Box Method and PLS-SEM. The findings revealed that effective communication significantly influenced teamwork effectiveness both directly and indirectly through interprofessional collaboration. Interprofessional collaboration also acted as a significant mediating variable between communication and teamwork effectiveness. These results indicate that communication is a key foundation for strengthening collaboration and improving teamwork in hospitals. Therefore, hospitals should enhance communication training and interprofessional collaboration programs to improve healthcare quality and patient safety

The optimal therapeutic impact of local vaginal drug delivery systems is strongly influenced by the physical characteristics balance of Solid Vaginal Suppositories. A comprehensive review regarding the comparison of mechanical profiles, specifically melting time and crushing strength parameters, from various base classifications constitutes the primary objective of this literature research. The implementation of a Literature Review study design was executed through the extraction of empirical data from twelve experimental journals published within the last ten years. Excessively rapid phase transformation characteristics at physiological basal temperatures and low compression resistance were consistently demonstrated by lipophilic bases such as Oleum Cacao. The risk of structural deformation during the distribution process is highly susceptible to unmodified lipid preparations. High surface elasticity accompanied by a delay in molecular hydration duration reaching 120 minutes was recorded in the utilization of Glycerinated Gelatin Base. Structural rigidity exceeding 4 kgF and disintegration time efficiency under 60 minutes were optimally demonstrated by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Base. An enhancement in mechanical resistance against external shocks during the storage period is offered by the thorough modification of the synthetic polymer ratios. Therefore, the determination of the PEG base as the most optimal material is recommended to maintain the quality stability of pharmaceutical products. Compendial regulation standards regarding the physical strength testing of pharmaceutical preparations must be obeyed by every institution to ensure long-term treatment effectiveness. Thus, the alignment between active substance release duration and physical preparation endurance can be realized for absolute patient comfort.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in national economic growth, particularly in creating employment opportunities and improving community welfare. However, many MSME actors still face challenges in financial management due to limited financial literacy and inadequate understanding of simple accounting practices. Tenank Cafe Medan is one of the culinary businesses with strong development potential, yet it continues to experience difficulties in transaction recording, cash flow management, and preparing simple financial reports, which may affect business sustainability and operational effectiveness. This Community Partnership Independent Service Program (PMKM) aims to improve the financial literacy of business partners in supporting sustainable business development. The implementation methods included observation, socialization, training, direct practice, and mentoring activities focused on business financial management and transaction recording. The results of the program indicate an increase in the partner’s understanding of financial management, transaction recording, and the preparation of simple profit and loss reports. In addition, the partner has started to separate business finances from personal finances. Therefore, this activity provides a positive contribution toward strengthening business management practices and supporting the sustainability and long-term development of Tenank Cafe Medan.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in national economic growth, particularly in creating employment opportunities and improving community welfare. However, many MSME actors still face challenges in financial management due to limited financial literacy and inadequate understanding of simple accounting practices. Tenank Cafe Medan is one of the culinary businesses with strong development potential, yet it continues to experience difficulties in transaction recording, cash flow management, and preparing simple financial reports, which may affect business sustainability and operational effectiveness. This Community Partnership Independent Service Program (PMKM) aims to improve the financial literacy of business partners in supporting sustainable business development. The implementation methods included observation, socialization, training, direct practice, and mentoring activities focused on business financial management and transaction recording. The results of the program indicate an increase in the partner’s understanding of financial management, transaction recording, and the preparation of simple profit and loss reports. In addition, the partner has started to separate business finances from personal finances. Therefore, this activity provides a positive contribution toward strengthening business management practices and supporting the sustainability and long-term development of Tenank Cafe Medan.

Organizational psychology plays an important role in understanding individual and group behavior within organizations, particularly in educational contexts. Its application can help improve the effectiveness of educational institution management by strengthening key aspects such as work motivation, leadership, communication, and a conducive work environment. By understanding these aspects, educational organizations can develop more effective work systems, enhance the performance of educators, and create a positive and productive organizational culture. However, research on organizational psychology in educational settings remains fragmented and often focuses on specific variables separately. This limits a comprehensive understanding of how these factors interact to influence overall organizational performance. Therefore, a more integrative and comprehensive review is needed to synthesize previous findings. This study aims to review and synthesize existing literature on organizational psychology in educational organizations, with a particular focus on the roles of motivation, leadership, and work environment in improving organizational effectiveness. The findings are expected to provide a more holistic understanding and serve as a basis for developing strategies to enhance the performance of educational organizations in the future.

This study aims to analyze the role of organizational communication in improving organizational performance using a systematic literature review approach with a descriptive qualitative method. The data were obtained from various relevant scientific literature sources, including national journals and academic articles discussing organizational communication and performance. The results indicate that organizational communication plays a significant role in enhancing performance through effective vertical and horizontal communication patterns, clarity of information flow, and improved work coordination. In addition, organizational communication contributes to building harmonious working relationships, increasing motivation, and strengthening organizational commitment. Leadership plays a crucial role in managing communication effectiveness within the organization. However, communication effectiveness is also influenced by supporting and inhibiting factors, such as work environment, communication skills, and differences in individual perceptions. Therefore, organizations need to manage communication strategically to achieve optimal performance. This study provides theoretical contributions to the development of organizational communication studies and practical implications for organizations in improving communication effectiveness.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Bravo PUPR Online attendance system in improving the work discipline of Civil Servants (ASN) at the National Road Implementation Center of East Nusa Tenggara. The research focuses on punctuality of attendance, consistency in fulfilling working hours, task completion, compliance with attendance procedures, alignment between recorded data and actual conditions, and acceptance of consequences for violations. The study employs a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, documentation, and interviews with leaders, system operators, and ASN as direct users. The results indicate that the implementation of the Bravo PUPR Online attendance system has improved administrative order in attendance and increased ASN awareness of time discipline. However, work discipline has not been fully optimal, as several issues remain, such as inconsistent attendance, suboptimal fulfillment of working hours, and discrepancies between attendance data and actual field conditions. In addition, technical constraints such as internet connectivity and GPS accuracy, as well as behavioral factors like negligence and lack of supervision, also affect system effectiveness. In terms of compliance, the Bravo system integrated with e-HRM is considered effective in detecting violations and enforcing strict consequences, ranging from warnings to administrative sanctions. This demonstrates that the attendance system functions not only as a recording tool but also as an instrument for monitoring discipline.

Management psychology is an approach that plays a crucial role in understanding individual and group behavior within organizations, particularly in the ever-evolving educational and work environments. The application of psychological principles to management practice is believed to improve performance, leadership effectiveness, and create a more conducive work and learning environment. This study aims to examine the development of trends, approaches, and key findings in the study of management psychology through a literature review. Furthermore, this study also seeks to answer two research questions: (1) how have management psychology research trends developed over the past five years, and (2) what are the key findings in the educational and organizational contexts. The method used is a qualitative approach by searching various literature sources through the Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP) databases, using the keyword "management psychology." Of the 20 articles found between 2021 and 2026, five were selected as the most relevant for further analysis. The study results indicate three dominant themes: the role of management psychology in education, the influence of motivation and leadership on performance, and its contribution to the organizational adaptation process. The conclusions of this study confirm that integrating psychological aspects into management plays a crucial role in increasing organizational effectiveness. Therefore, further research is recommended to empirically examine the relationship between psychological variables and a broader scope.

this study aims to evaluate the impact of capacity building for village officials in Anjir Seberang Pasar I Village on the effectiveness of village administrative and financial management following the implementation of Law No. 6 of 2014. The primary focus of the study is to measure changes in the competencies of village officials before and after the implementation of technical guidance, as well as the use of the Village Financial System (Siskeudes) application and Internet Banking Business. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach, in which data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and the completion of pre-test and post-test questionnaires by respondents consisting of the Village Secretary, Kaur, and Kasi. The results of the study indicate a significant increase in three key variables: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude toward using. Quantitatively, the average validation score from respondents reached 4.53 (on a 5.0 scale), which falls into the “Agree” category regarding the system’s effectiveness. Based on data analysis, the success rate of capacity building for village officials was recorded at 29.23%, with a final understanding rate reaching 91.33%. These findings indicate that practice-oriented and participatory training is capable of improving the technical skills and accountability of village officials in managing digital-based government administration. The integration of Siskeudes and digital banking has proven to have a positive impact on a safer and more transparent payroll system at the village level.

This study aims to analyze the influence of copywriting, visual marketing promotion, and community management on the success of local brand campaigns in Bandar Lampung through the Facebook Pro platform. The research is based on the increasing use of social media as a digital marketing tool by local brands in the fashion and culinary sectors; however, campaign outcomes remain inconsistent. This study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method by distributing questionnaires to business owners and administrators of Facebook Pro accounts of local brands in Bandar Lampung. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to examine both partial and simultaneous effects among variables. The findings indicate that copywriting, visual marketing promotion, and community management have significant partial and simultaneous effects on the success of local brand campaigns. These results confirm that the integration of persuasive messaging, high-quality visual content, and active community engagement plays a crucial role in enhancing engagement, visibility, and overall digital campaign effectiveness. This study provides practical implications for SMEs in optimizing marketing strategies through Facebook Pro and contributes academically to the development of integrated marketing communication studies in social media contexts.

This study is motivated by the importance of work effectiveness as a key indicator of organizational success in facing an increasingly complex and competitive work environment. Work discipline is viewed as one of the critical factors that can support the achievement of optimal work effectiveness. This study aims to analyze the relationship between work discipline and work effectiveness and to identify the factors influencing them within an organizational context. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review, which involves examining various relevant scientific articles through the stages of identification, selection, evaluation, and data synthesis. The results of the study indicate that work discipline plays a significant role in enhancing work effectiveness through adherence to rules, punctuality, responsibility, and consistency in task execution. Furthermore, work effectiveness can also foster the development of discipline through structured work systems and clear operational standards. The relationship between these two variables is reciprocal and influenced by factors such as leadership, organizational culture, motivation, human resource competencies, and the utilization of technology. The implications of this research underscore the importance of integrating work discipline and organizational systems to sustainably enhance work effectiveness.

The study of power in higher education institutions is important because power dynamics influence not only formal organizational systems but also informal relationships within academic communities. This research aims to analyze patterns of power manifestation in higher education institutions, understand their influence on organizational behavior, and identify the structural and cultural aspects involved in the process. The method applied in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), conducted through collecting, reviewing, and synthesizing various relevant literature related to power and governance in higher education. The findings indicate that pro-social manifestations of power and structural empowerment can positively contribute to job satisfaction and create a healthier and more conducive academic climate. On the other hand, centralized authority and unequal power relations may generate various negative impacts on organizations, such as reduced participation and institutional effectiveness. Therefore, higher education institutions need to implement a more participatory and adaptive governance model to minimize the negative effects of power asymmetry while strengthening collaboration, inclusiveness, and the overall quality of the academic environment.

Fiqh learning education activities play an important role in improving early childhood worship awareness, particularly in understanding the pillars of Islam as the foundation of Islamic teachings. This study was motivated by the low level of children’s understanding of the pillars of Islam, which was caused by learning methods that were less engaging and less interactive. Therefore, this study aims to improve the understanding, habituation, and worship awareness of early childhood through the use of a simple, communicative, and easy-to-understand lecture method at TPQ Al-Hidayah, Pacar Kembang, Surabaya. This study employed a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach consisting of several stages, namely problem identification, learning planning using the lecture method, implementation of activities, evaluation, and joint reflection to enhance learning effectiveness. The results showed that fiqh learning through the lecture method had a positive impact on improving children’s understanding of the pillars of Islam, developing worship habits, and fostering full awareness in carrying out daily worship practices. Thus, the lecture method is considered effective in enhancing understanding and worship awareness among early childhood learners.

This study examines the influence of technology utilization, records management, infrastructure, and training on employee performance at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of Batam City. A quantitative approach with an associative design was employed to identify relationships between variables and measure their effects. The study involved 89 employees as respondents using a saturated sampling method to ensure all members of the population were included. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression along with F-test and t-test to assess both simultaneous and partial effects. The findings reveal that all independent variables simultaneously have a significant impact on employee performance, while individually technology, records management, infrastructure, and training also demonstrate significant positive effects. These results indicate that the effective use of digital systems, well-organized archival practices, adequate and supportive facilities, and continuous training programs play a crucial role in enhancing employee performance and productivity, as well as improving efficiency, accuracy, and overall organizational effectiveness. The study suggests that organizations should strengthen technological implementation, improve document management systems, provide sufficient work facilities, and conduct sustainable training programs to achieve optimal and long-term organizational outcomes.

Group-based learning in the classroom plays a vital role in enhancing social interaction, individual responsibility, as well as students' critical thinking and collaborative skills. However, its implementation often faces challenges such as the dominance of certain members, social loafing, low participation, and interpersonal conflicts that hinder group effectiveness. This study aims to comprehensively examine the dynamics of learning groups by integrating four key aspects: the concept of group dynamics based on the Tuckman model, the characteristics of effective groups in cooperative learning, group formation techniques, and conflict management strategies. The research utilizes a qualitative approach with a literature study method, analyzing 25 sources including nationally accredited journals, academic books, and theses published between 2020 and 2024. Data analysis was conducted through reduction, thematic classification, content analysis, and conceptual synthesis. The results indicate that effective group dynamics can be achieved through the Tuckman stages, the application of the five elements of cooperative learning, the selection of appropriate group formation techniques with risk mitigation, and the implementation of the Thomas-Kilmann conflict management styles.The scientific contribution of this research is the development of an integrative model based on these four aspects, which serves as a conceptual framework to strengthen collaborative learning practices in the classroom. Practical implications include the formation of ideal groups consisting of 4–5 students, the establishment of initial group contracts, the use of dual assessment rubrics (individual and group), and peer evaluation mechanisms to enhance accountability and reflection.

Urban waste management has become a complex challenge due to population growth, urbanization, and economic activities contributing to higher waste generation. Effective waste management systems are required to reduce waste disposed at final disposal sites. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of waste management at the TPS 3R Pedalangan Bersinar facility in Semarang City by examining waste separation from the source. The research applied a quantitative approach using mass balance analysis to assess the balance between incoming waste, processed waste, and residual waste in the system. Primary data were collected through field observations, interviews, and operational monitoring for six consecutive days, while secondary data were obtained from the Semarang Environmental Agency. Results show community-based waste banks in Pedalangan demonstrate a high level of effectiveness with a recovery factor reaching 100%, indicating optimal recycling performance and strong community participation. Meanwhile, the TPS 3R facility processes an average waste volume of 16.61 m³/day with reduction of 10.32 m³/day and residual waste of 6.29 m³/day, resulting in a recovery factor of approximately 0.62 categorized as moderate effectiveness. Therefore, strengthening household waste separation, improving operational management, and increasing community participation are recommended to enhance waste reduction and support sustainable urban waste management systems.

This quantitative study examines the influence of information quality, work engagement, and leadership style on decision making effectiveness among employees of a manufacturing company. Data were collected from 100 respondents using accidental sampling technique. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that all three independent variables simultaneously affect decision making effectiveness. Partially, information quality, work engagement, and leadership style each have significant positive effects on decision making effectiveness. Leadership style demonstrates the strongest influence, followed by information quality and work engagement. The regression equation indicates positive contributions from all predictors. The coefficient of determination shows that the three predictors collectively explain a substantial portion of variance in decision making effectiveness. Findings suggest manufacturing companies should prioritize transformational leadership development programs, conduct information system audits, and implement work engagement initiatives to enhance decision making effectiveness. Future research should expand to other industries, add organizational culture variables, and employ longitudinal designs.

Work discipline is a crucial element in improving employee performance, particularly in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector such as automotive workshops, which often face managerial and structural challenges. This study aims to explore the understanding, implementation, and influence of work discipline on employee performance at Gandi Jaya Motor Workshop, Jombang, within a local context characterized by religious values and informal work culture. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and were analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that work discipline is perceived as a form of personal responsibility driven by leadership example and religious values, rather than by formal systems alone. External factors such as limited infrastructure and the absence of a structured HR evaluation system also affect performance effectiveness. These findings expand the scope of Work Discipline and Employee Performance theories by incorporating social and cultural dimensions as determinants of work behavior. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for a humanistic approach to HR management in MSMEs and recommends further exploration with broader participant coverage and more diverse methodological approaches.