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This community service program aims to empower the community of Ujung Tanah District, Makassar City in circular economy-based waste management. Ujung Tanah District as a coastal area with high population density faces complex waste problems, especially waste that ends up in the sea and disrupts the coastal ecosystem. The activities were conducted in four urban villages, namely Ujung Tanah, Tabaringan, Pattingalloang, and Pattingalloang Baru, involving 120 households as direct participants. The implementation methods included socialization and education, waste sorting and processing training, establishment of Waste Banks, mentoring for recycled product creation, and marketing system development. The results showed a significant improvement in community knowledge about waste management, with average scores increasing from 45.2 to 82.6. Four active Waste Bank units were established with a total of 320 household customers. The managed waste volume reached 2.4 tons per month with an economic value of IDR 8,500,000 per month. Recycled products include ecobrick crafts, bags from plastic packaging, and compost fertilizer. This program successfully changed the community paradigm from dumping waste into the sea to managing waste as a source of income.

This study focuses on the analysis of traffic density in Jember City, particularly at the Wirolegi Intersection, which is known to have a high density level. This condition often triggers congestion that hinders public mobility, so that appropriate and data-based handling efforts are needed. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the level of density at critical congestion points through a statistical approach using the One Way ANOVA method. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with a descriptive observational approach. Primary data was collected directly through a field survey in 2025 at the Wirolegi Intersection as one of 3 intersections in Jember City. The data obtained were then processed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and One Way ANOVA with the help of SPSS software. The results of the analysis show that the traffic flow density on the three routes studied, namely Jalan Gunung Haryono, Jalan Brigjen Katamso, Jalan Yos Sudarso, does not show a significant difference. The significance value of the ANOVA test is greater than 0.05 which indicates the similarity of density levels between routes. Further testing (post hoc testing) also strengthens this finding. The conclusion of this study shows that handling congestion at the Wirolegi Intersection needs to be done comprehensively through traffic control and evaluation of the transportation system to improve smoothness and mobility in Jember City.

This study comprehensively evaluates the quality of biomass briquettes produced from blends of coconut shell charcoal and sengon sawdust, using both carbonized and non-carbonized materials. Composite briquettes were fabricated with varying compositions and characterized through proximate analysis, calorific value, density, and burning rate measurements to determine their suitability as solid fuel. The results indicate that adding non-carbonized sawdust increases volatile matter content and burning rate but reduces the calorific value of the briquettes. In contrast, incorporating up to 10% carbonized sawdust significantly improves the calorific value to 6119.2 cal/g, approaching that of pure coconut shell charcoal (6352.2 cal/g), while maintaining a relatively high burning rate. Briquettes containing carbonized sawdust also exhibit low ash content, below 3%, and moisture content under 8%, meeting standard solid fuel quality requirements. These findings demonstrate that a strategic combination of carbonized and non-carbonized materials can produce hybrid biomass briquettes with optimized thermal performance, providing a promising, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternative fuel for domestic and industrial applications.

Processing plastic waste into fuel oil with pyrolysis technology. Research on plastic oil as an alternative fuel has been widely conducted. One of them is research on processing plastic bag waste into fuel oil with pyrolysis technology. In this study, a set of pyrolysis equipment was made by Lecturers and Students of UMNU Kebumen. The plastic waste used in this study was 1 kg of plastic bag. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis process used a temperature of 250oC-300oC. The fuel oil produced in the pyrolysis process of this study was approximately 400 ml. The average density of fuel oil from plastic bag waste was 0.733 gr/ml. The results of this density calculation are in the possibility of the density of gasoline, namely 0.710 gr/ml to 0.770 gr/ml. This pyrolysis process shows great potential for converting plastic waste into an environmentally friendly alternative energy source. Furthermore, the efficiency of this pyrolysis technology can be improved by adjusting the temperature and processing time, as well as by selecting a wider variety of plastic types. This technology has the potential to be applied more widely in plastic waste management within the community as a solution to reduce environmental pollution while generating renewable energy.

Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) are marine organisms of high ecological and economic value, yet their populations in many tropical regions have declined due to exploitation pressures. This study aimed to analyze the density and distribution patterns of sea cucumbers in the coastal waters of Tuhaha, Saparua Island, Central Maluku Regency. A quantitative descriptive survey was conducted using 1 × 1 m quadrat transects along eight transect lines perpendicular to the shoreline. Density was calculated based on the number of individuals per unit area, while distribution patterns were determined using Morisita’s index. Four species of sea cucumbers were identified, namely Holothuria scabra, Holothuria atra, Bohadschia vitiensis, and Bohadschia marmorata, with a total of 33 individuals and an overall density of 0.19 ind/m². Species H. scabra exhibited the highest density (0.11 ind/m²), whereas H. atra and B. vitiensis had the lowest (0.01 ind/m²). The population distribution was aggregated (Id = 6.11), indicating a strong association with specific microhabitats, particularly muddy-sand substrates. Environmental parameters (temperature 30°C, salinity 30 ‰, pH 6.90) remained within the optimal tolerance range for sea cucumbers. These findings indicate that Tuhaha waters continue to support Holothuroidea populations; however, the aggregated distribution pattern reflects vulnerability to overexploitation. Therefore, ecosystem-based management through habitat conservation, catch restrictions, and the integration of aquaculture and restocking is essential to ensure the sustainability of sea cucumber resources in Central Maluku.

This research extends the previous work of Tsaqila, Winiarti, and Widaningrum (2024), who applied the Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method within a decision support system for supermarket branch location selection. Unlike the prior study, which focused on Ponorogo through a web-based framework, this study expands the implementation of COPRAS to the Medan Area, Medan Kota, Medan Polonia, dan Medan Maimun districts, adapting it to local urban, social, and economic characteristics. The main objective is to identify the most strategic site for a new supermarket by analyzing multiple criteria, including land cost, population density, accessibility, safety, cleanliness, and disaster risk. Data were collected from both field surveys and official government publications. The findings reveal that the COPRAS method provides reliable and objective assessments among the evaluated alternatives, with Medan Area emerging as the most suitable location for supermarket development. Overall, this study broadens the practical scope of the COPRAS method in a different regional context and reinforces its reliability and adaptability as a multi-criteria decision-making tool in the modern retail industry.

Natural fibers continue to attract the interest of researchers to develop them as composite reinforcements in automotive and non-construction building interior applications. Basically, natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites are not suitable for applications exposed to heat. Investigating changes in mechanical properties due to temperature increases, this research is very important to conduct. The addition of filler (CaCO3) is known to improve the performance of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. This study investigates the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polyester composites reinforced with waru fibers with CaCO3 powder filler. The composites were fabricated using the hand lay-up method with a volume fraction of 30% waru fibers and CaCO3 powder with a volume fraction of 0-10%. The density of the polyester composite increased from 1.42 to 1.68 and 1.87 g/cm3 as the volume fraction CaCO3 0-10%. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) testing of the polyester composite showed that parameters such as loss modulus, storage modulus, and tan delta also increased with increasing CaCO3 content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) testing also showed increased thermal resistance after the addition of 5% (wt) (STL) and 10% (wt) (ZMB) with a residual combustion of 6.54% and 7.89% for each STL and ZMB composite, respectively. Compared to the TKO composite, it had the lowest combustion residue of 3.61%. Tensile strength and elastic modulus showed the same trend, namely an increase, while the elongation of the composite decreased with the addition of CaCO3 powder. The overall test results showed that polyester composites reinforced with CWf fibers and CaCO3 fillers were suitable for automotive and building interior applications.

Tebing Tinggi City, which has a strategic position in North Sumatra, is experiencing changes in population growth that need to be predicted for development planning purposes. The purpose of this study is to forecast the population of Tebing Tinggi City in 2030 by applying the Double Integral method, and visualize the results in 3D using GeoGebra. The method used is a quantitative approach with a case study, where the population density function is created based on secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Tebing Tinggi City for the period 2010 to 2024. Data on area and population per sub-district are used to develop a population growth model calculated using the double integral. The forecast results show that the population of Tebing Tinggi City is estimated to reach 26,038 people in 2030, with varying growth rates in each sub-district. 3D visualization through GeoGebra is able to depict the distribution of population density in an interactive geometric form, thus facilitating the understanding of complex mathematical concepts. The conclusion of this study is that double integrals can be applied effectively to predict population size, and GeoGebra serves as a very useful visual aid in presenting the results of multivariable calculus analysis.

Traffic congestion is a persistent challenge in urban areas in Indonesia, where increasing vehicle density creates the need for intelligent traffic monitoring systems. This study aims to develop a real-time vehicle parking system using the YOLOv8 object detection model to provide efficient traffic analysis from live CCTV broadcasts and recorded videos. This study uses a quantitative experimental approach with the implementation of the YOLOv8m model using the Ultralytics library in Python, tested on data collected from CCTV cameras A TCS Dishub Medan and additional footage from mobile devices. Vehicles are detected and counted in two directions up (Up) and down (Down) using virtual detection lines on the video frame. The system performance is evaluated by automatic detection counting with manually recorded ground truth data. The results show that on live CCTV broadcasts, the YOLOv8m model achieves an average precision of 98.96%, a recall of 96.59%, and an F1 score of 97.74% for upstream traffic, while for downstream traffic it achieves 100% precision, 95.64% recall, and an F1 score of 97.730/0. On the other hand, on high-quality recorded videos, all performance metrics achieve 100%, indicating perfect detection accuracy. These findings confirm the effectiveness of YOLOv8 in real-time traffic monitoring, but also indicate that video quality and stream stability affect detection performance. In conclusion, the developed system shows strong potential to support smart city traffic management solutions. Future research should focus on performance optimization under low-resolution live streaming conditions to improve accuracy in practical applications.  

This study aims to design and build a population distribution application in Demak Regency in 2025 using a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. The study focuses on three main variables: population, population density, and population growth rate per sub-district. The author used the research method of collecting data and references that can later strengthen the results of this study and the application design using the waterfall model. Non-spatial data, namely data in the form of population information, was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of Demak Regency, while spatial data is data related to regional administrative boundaries. Data processing was carried out using QGIS 2.18 through the stages of joining attributes, classification using the Natural Breaks (Jenks) method, and thematic map creation. The results show that population distribution is uneven. Demak Kota, Karangtengah, and Sayung sub-districts have the highest number and density, while coastal sub-districts such as Wedung and Bonang have low densities. The highest population growth rate is in Karangtengah sub-district at 0.8%. The application of GIS has proven effective in visualizing population distribution and supporting spatial-based regional development planning.  

This study aims to determine the ideal stocking density of catfish using the triple integral method. This mathematical method is applied to accurately calculate the volume of the cultivation pond and analyze the stocking amount and biomass projection at three different density levels, namely 50, 75, and 100 fish/m³. The calculation of the volume of the pond measuring 27 m x 11 m x 1.5 m produces a value of 445.5 m³. Based on the integral calculation, the optimal stocking amount is 22,275 fish, 33,413 fish, and 44,550 fish for each density, with the final biomass projection reaching 300.7 kg, 451.1 kg, and 600.4 kg, respectively. The analysis shows that the density of 100 fish/m³ produces the highest biomass, but its application must consider technical factors such as water quality, oxygen availability, and food competition. This method provides a solid and practical mathematical foundation for more efficient, scalable, and sustainable aquaculture planning.

Population density plays a critical role in shaping public health outcomes and environmental quality, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions. This study aims to analyze the relationship between high population density and its impacts on sanitation conditions, air quality, access to clean water, and the incidence of various diseases in densely populated areas. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach by combining a comprehensive literature review with field observations conducted in several urban areas characterized by high population concentration. The findings reveal that increased population density is closely associated with environmental degradation, including inadequate sanitation systems, reduced air quality due to pollution, and limited availability of clean water. These environmental challenges contribute directly to a higher prevalence of health problems, such as respiratory infections, waterborne diseases, and other communicable illnesses. Overcrowded living conditions also intensify the spread of diseases, placing additional pressure on public health infrastructure. Furthermore, the study highlights that insufficient public facilities and poor environmental management exacerbate the negative effects of population density on both health and the environment. To address these challenges, effective strategies are required, including population growth control, improved urban planning, and enhanced investment in public health and environmental sanitation facilities. Strengthening community awareness and participation in maintaining environmental cleanliness is also essential. Overall, this study emphasizes the need for integrated policies that balance population management with sustainable environmental and public health development.  

This study aims to analyze the level of flood hazard in Baturaja Barat District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, by applying a spatial approach using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) through the overlay method. The analysis was carried out by integrating six main physical parameters, namely rainfall, land use, elevation, slope, river density, and soil type. Each parameter was assigned a score and weight according to its influence on flood potential and subsequently processed spatially to produce a flood hazard map. The results indicate that the Baturaja Barat District area is classified into three hazard levels: low (3.25%), moderate (70.64%), and high (25.84%). Areas with high hazard levels are predominantly characterized by densely populated settlements situated at low elevations and in close proximity to river networks, particularly in Tanjung Karang, Air Gading, Talang Jawa, Karang Agung, and surrounding villages. These findings highlight that land-use changes, topographic conditions, and the distribution of river networks play significant roles in increasing flood risk. The results of this study are expected to serve as a foundation for spatial planning, the strengthening of disaster mitigation policies, and the enhancement of community preparedness against flood hazards in the region.

This study aims to analyze the development and scientific relationship between carbon risk perception, behavioral compliance of accountants, and sustainability mindset on the accuracy of carbon performance reporting through a bibliometric approach. This study is driven by the increasing need for accurate carbon reporting amidst global demands for sustainability transparency, as well as the limited understanding of the role of behavioral and psychological factors of accountants in ensuring the reliability of carbon reports. Research data was obtained from two leading scientific databases, namely Scopus and Google Scholar, with the main keywords "carbon risk perception," "behavioral compliance of accountants," "sustainability mindset," and "accuracy of carbon performance reporting." The data selection process was carried out using the PRISMA method to ensure the relevance and validity of the analyzed articles, while bibliometric analysis and visualization were performed using VOSviewer software. The results of the study indicate that the topic related to carbon reporting accuracy has evolved from a technical approach to a behavioral and psychological approach. Network and density visualizations show that behavioral compliance and sus-tainability mindset issues are still new but have high potential for development. Meanwhile, the authors' collaboration map demonstrates the geographic limitations of research, which remains concentrated in developed countries. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications, namely the need to integrate behavioral theory and professional ethics into sustainability accounting research and to en-hance accountants' capacity to understand carbon risks to ensure the accuracy of future sustainability re-porting.

This study, entitled "A nalysis of Population Density, Economic Growth Rate, and the Number of Motorized Vehicles on Environmental Quality in Indonesia," aims to analyze: 1) the development of environmental quality in Indonesia; 2) the influence of population density, economic growth rate, and the number of motorized vehicles on environmental quality in Indonesia. This study employed a quantitative method, utilizing secondary data from 2019-2023, sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), and other sources. Panel data analysis tools, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis testing were used. Panel data regression results indicate that, partially, population density has a significant negative effect, economic growth rate has a negative and significant effect, while four-wheeled and two-wheeled motorized vehicles have a positive and significant effect on environmental quality in Indonesia. Meanwhile, collectively, population density, economic growth rate, and the number of motorized vehicles significantly influence environmental quality in Indonesia.

Seagrass beds are coastal ecosystems that have important ecological functions as a provider of habitat, food sources, protection, and reproductive areas for various marine life including Echinoderms. This study aims to analyze the diversity of Echinoderms and their relationship with seagrass distribution in Kiama Beach, Melonguane District, Talaud Islands Regency. The research was conducted in the intertidal zone at three stations using the exploration method with purposive sampling technique. Each station is divided into three plot installation zones measuring 4 × 4 meters, with observations made at low tide. Environmental parameters (temperature and pH), type and number of Echinoderm individuals, and seagrass species were recorded and analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and product moment correlations. The results showed that the Echinoderma community consists of two classes and five species: Archaster typicus, Linckia laevigata, Culcita novagueniae, Holothuroidea scabra, and Holothuroidea forskali, with the Asteroidea class dominating (75%). The diversity index (H') value was relatively low at all stations with a range of 0.6261–0.6631. Seagrass beds consist of five species, namely Halophila ovalis, Cymodocea rotundata, Thalassia hemprichii, Halodule uninervis, and Syringodium isoetifolium, with the highest abundance found in Halophila ovalis. Correlation results showed a strong to very strong relationship between the abundance of Echinoderms and certain seagrass types (r = 0.77–0.99) as well as a strong correlation at the overall level of the station (r = 0.74). This study confirms that the presence and abundance of Echinoderms is greatly influenced by the density and composition of seagrass species. These findings provide important baseline data for the management and conservation of seagrass beds as a support for the sustainability of coastal biodiversity.  

The rapid development and population growth in Bekasi Regency, Indonesia, have resulted in increasing traffic density and a corresponding rise in road traffic accidents (RTA), particularly along the critical 28 km Kalimalang Inspection Highway, locally known as "Jalur Tengkorak." This study aims to analyze the simultaneous and partial influence of Vehicle Factors (X1), Human Factors (X2), and Road Physical Condition Factors (X3) on RTA (Y). A quantitative descriptive approach utilizing Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was employed, based on primary data collected through questionnaires from 100 motorcycle riders and secondary data from Polresta Bekasi (2022). The findings confirm that all three variables significantly and positively influence RTA, resulting in the model \hat{Y} = 2.218 + 0.302 X1 + 0.161 X2 + 0.289 X3 + \mu. The adjusted coefficient of determination (R^2) is 0.514, indicating that 51.4\% of RTA variation is explained by these factors. Crucially, the Road Physical Condition Factor (X3) emerged as the strongest predictor (t=4.429, \beta=0.385), surpassing the traditional dominance of human error. This key finding suggests that mitigation strategies must prioritize urgent infrastructure repair addressing potholes, road waves, and insufficient markings to significantly reduce accident frequency in this corridor.

Mung bean sprout husk is waste with promising nutritive value (crude protein 14%, Total Digestible Nutrients 64.58%, moisture 63.35%) and, due to its high moisture, is suitable for processing via feed-wafer technology. This study aimed to evaluate the physical quality and identify the best storage duration of complete wafers formulated with mung bean sprout husk. A completely randomized design with four treatment levels (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) and three replicates was used. Organoleptic traits were described descriptively, while physical traits density, water absorption, impact resistance, and wafer durability index (WDI) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (α = 0.05). Supplementation of mung bean sprout husk significantly affected density and water absorption (P < 0.05), with the 30% treatment achieving the highest density (0.57 g·cm⁻³) and water absorption (83.0%), both superior to the control (P < 0.05). In contrast, impact resistance (99.1%) and WDI (85.8%) did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). Overall, the 30% supplementation delivered the best physical quality and the best storage duration among the tested formulations.

Dry packing with the principle of hibernation aims to suppress the metabolic processes of an organism so that it can survive under minimal environmental conditions. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the dry packing method on the survival of freshwater crayfish (Cherax quadricarrinatus) tested with dry packing for 15, 20, and 25 hours. Before packing, the crayfish were ensured to be healthy and free from deformities. The packing was carried out using styrofoam lined with cardboard and filled with dried banana leaves, with a density of 20 crayfish of 10 cm size per package. The results showed that packing with dried banana leaves for 25 hours resulted in a 100% survival rate after packing, and the crayfish were able to become active again after 3 days. The dry packing method using dried banana leaves was proven effective in maintaining the survival of freshwater crayfish under live conditions during long packing durations. This study contributes to the development of efficient packing techniques for transporting freshwater crayfish alive.

This study aims to analyze the difference in the volume of motorcycle traffic in the morning and evening on Jalan Dahlia which leads from the Square. The data was collected through direct observation methods during a specific period during morning and evening rush hours, then analyzed to determine vehicle flow patterns, traffic density levels, and significant differences between the two time periods. In addition, this study also considers supporting factors such as community activities, working hours, and daily travel patterns of road users that affect traffic intensity. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in vehicle volume, where the volume of motorcycles in the morning tended to be higher than in the afternoon due to the dominance of trips to work and school. On the other hand, in the afternoon the traffic volume is relatively more spread due to variations in the return time of road users. These findings are expected to be a reference for related parties, especially local governments and transportation agencies, in traffic management planning, transportation operational timing, and efforts to improve the safety and comfort of road users in the area.