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The increase in human activities, such as industrialization, urbanization, and transportation, has led to air pollution, including heavy metal contamination such as lead (Pb). Lead originates from vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and fossil fuel combustion, which have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. One effective method for monitoring air pollution is biomonitoring using bioindicators, such as lichen. Lichen is sensitive to air quality and can absorb pollutants, including heavy metals, through its surface. This study uses a literature review to analyze the role of lichen as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution, specifically lead. Several lichen species, such as *Xanthoparmelia xanthofarinosa* and *Canoparmelia aptata*, are known to accumulate heavy metals from the environment. The results show that the lead content in lichen varies depending on the pollution level in the location. Areas with high traffic have higher lead concentrations compared to areas with low traffic. The advantages of using lichen as a bioindicator include low cost, practicality, and its ability to provide long-term data on air quality. With this understanding, lichen data can be used for pollution mitigation and evidence-based policies to reduce the impact of air pollution. Further research is recommended to explore the potential of lichen in detecting other heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu).  

Sustainable water resource management in Indonesian villages is essential to address poor water quality and low public awareness. This program aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of the community regarding sustainable water resource management. The methods used include training and water quality testing across 14 parameters, such as lead, copper, iron, chromium, pH, and free chlorine, in accordance with the standards set by the Ministry of Health Regulation. Results showed a 40% increase in community understanding after training, with all tested water parameters found to be within safe limits. The program successfully engaged the community in water quality monitoring, raising awareness and encouraging participation in sustainable water resource management. Although some participants initially faced difficulties in using the testing tools, intensive guidance was provided to overcome these challenges. In conclusion, the program positively contributed to improving the community's knowledge, skills, and participation in maintaining better water quality in the village.

The research aims to determine whether there is a positive and significant influence in the use of the jigsaw type copperative learning model on the active learning of Christian Religious Education and Character in class XI students at SMK Negeri 1 Siatas Barita for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the jigsaw type cooperative learning model on the active learning of Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class XI students at SMK Negeri 1 Siatas Barita for the 2023/2024 academic year. The population of class XI students at SMK Negeri 1 Siatas Barita Learning 2023/2024 who are Protestant Christians is 325 people. The research sample using random sampling technique was 18% of the total population, namely 58 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: The value rcount=0.673>rtabel=0.254 and tcount=6.809>ttable=2.00324 shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the jigsaw type cooperative learning model and students' active learning in Christian Religious Education and Character. Regression equation .  The determination test revealed that the magnitude of the effect was 45.29%. Hypothesis test Fcount=46.479>Ftable=3.15 then H0 (null hypothesis) is rejected and Ha (alternative hypothesis) is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between the jigsaw cooperative learning model on the activeness of learning in Christian Religious Education and Character in class XI students at SMK Negeri 1 Siatas Barita for the 2023/2024 academic year.

Honey is derived from plant nectar and pollen collected by bees. Honey contains natural sugars and nutrients but is prone to contamination by heavy metals such as mercury, copper, and cadmium from the environment. Honey quality standards stipulate maximum limits of contamination according to SNI 8664:2018. This study examined copper, mercury, and cadmium levels in native, cultivated, and branded honey using ICP-AES. Samples were randomly collected at the Laboratory of Pharmacy Faculty of University 17 August 1945 and metal levels were determined at the Regional Health Laboratory of DKI Jakarta Province from April-July 2024. Results showed all samples contained copper below the maximum limit of 5.0 mg/kg in the order of 0.243; 0.399; 0.297 mg/kg. Cadmium and mercury in the three honeys were undetected according to SNI's respective maximum limits of 0.2 and 0.03 mg/kg. Therefore, honeys of the three types met quality standards and are safe for consumption.    

This research focuses on analyzing the performance of dry bulk unloading at Tanjung Tembaga Port, with a case study of PT Delta Artha Bahari Nusantara. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of dry bulk loading and unloading services at the port and identify efforts that can be made to improve loading and unloading productivity. The research method used is descriptive quantitative, with data collection through direct observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The data obtained were analyzed using statistical methods and compared with the established operational service performance standards. The results showed that the performance of loading and unloading at Tanjung Copper Port seen from all indicators of loading and unloading performance can be concluded that the average of all indicators includes good category as evidenced by the total percentage of the average of 79.96%. This study concludes that to improve loading and unloading performance, PT Delta Artha Bahari Nusantara needs to improve facilities and infrastructure, improve operational systems, and provide training to the workforce. Thus, it is expected that the port can be more efficient in handling dry bulk loading and unloading and contribute positively to the supply and distribution chain.

An innovative and sensitive method for extracting liquid-liquid flour using pre-mixingwith the single-drop microextraction technique. This working system is distinguished by itsability to be applied to chemical and biological analyses. It is suitable for microfluidics, has ashort time, is free of contaminants, and has a simple design that can be installed anywhere inthe laboratory. The working system consists of several basic parts: a pump device to pump orfall back the organic and aqueous phase from the liquid-liquid micro-system through micro-rubber tubes and two precise micro-needles to generate drops, two mixers using two magneticclamps on two graduated holders, and a precise micro-mixer to complete the mixing process.Study of the main variables in the system containing dithizone (0.0001 M). ) in CHCl₃ solventsolution and aqueous copper chloride solution (1000 ppm) to see how they affect theextraction performance obtained by this method. The effect of the copper concentration in theinitial sample, the speed of the mixer, and the flow rate were discussed and studied, and thebest conditions were determined: for (2 ml) sample an aqueous solution of copper (II)chloride, the optimal concentration of copper. (II) in the analyzed sample is (0.0001M), thespeed of the micromixer is maximum, and the pump flow rate is (0.5 ml /sec). In theseoptimal conditions, the degree of extraction was (97±2%).

Adsorption is a separation process on a particular substance based on the affinity of a compound to a solid. The adsorption process requires an adsorbent as an absorbent material and an adsorbate as an absorbed component. The adsorbent that is often used to absorb Cu2+ ions is silica gel. Silica gel is a rigid gel that is amorphous. In silica gel there are two main bonding groups, namely siloxane and silanol groups which cause silica gel to easily absorb polar molecules, especially water. The purpose of this research is to get the best mass of silica and the effect of the initial concentration of Cu ions on the final concentration of Cu metal. In this study, two operating conditions were varied, namely the mass of silica gel adsorbent 0.4 grams; 0.6 grams; 0.8 grams; 1 gram; 1.2 grams and the initial concentration of Cu metal 3 ppm; 4 ppm; 5 ppm; 6 ppm; 7 ppm. The results of this study showed that the silica content of bagasse ash was 70.97% with a surface area of 283.802 m2/g. The best result of this study reduced the content of copper metal (Cu) by 88% in the condition of silica gel mass of 1.2 grams. The adsorption isotherm shows that the data is more in line with the Freundlich equation. The resulting equation is y = 0.4268x + 0.4969 with an R2 value of 0.9837.

This research explores the electrolysis process of a mixture of copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) and aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) solutions using carbon electrodes. The main objective is to understand the mechanism of gas formation and metal deposition efficiency. In the experiment, CuSO4 and Al2(SO4) solutions )3 with a concentration of 0.5 M each is used as the electrolyte, and carbon electrodes as the cathode and anode. During electrolysis, the electric current causes copper ions (Cu²⁺) to move to the cathode, undergo reduction to copper (Cu), and deposit on them. cathode. Aluminum ions (Al³⁺) tend to remain in solution due to the higher reduction potential. At the anode, hydroxide ions (OH⁻) from water are oxidized, producing oxygen gas (O₂). and oxygen gas at the anode. The efficiency of copper deposition was analyzed by measuring the mass of deposited copper. This research provides insight into the dynamics of electrolysis of CuSO4 and Al2(SO4)3 mixtures, as well as their potential in electrochemical applications. In conclusion, the use of carbon electrodes is effective for the deposition of pure copper and the production of oxygen gas as a by-product.

Intrauterine device is one of the long-acting contraceptives made of plastic wrapped in copper that is inserted into the uterus through the vagina to prevent pregnancy. IUD is one of the contraceptives that has high effectiveness. IUD has side effects, namely menstrual disorders, spotting, spulsion, vaginal discharge. to determine the relationship between the use of IUD contraceptives with menstrual disorders. type of research correlative with cross sectional design. This research was conducted at PKU 'Aisyiyah Boyolali Hospital in December 2023. The subjects of this study were 58 IUD birth control acceptors at PKU 'Aisyiyah Boyolali Hospital during April – November. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The measuring instrument uses medical records and questionnaires. The data analysis method uses the chi-square test.  the majority aged 31-40 years are 73.1%, have a high school education of 43.6%, the majority use a Nova-T IUD of 58.9% and have menstrual disorders as much as 57.1%. The results of the chi-suare  test obtained results of nilia p-value 0.000 <0.05, then Ha is accepted so that there is a relationship between the use of contraceptives and menstrual disorders. There is a relationship between the use of intrauterine devices and menstrual disorders at PKU 'Aisyiyah Boyolali Hospital

The impact of the increase in motorized vehicles is air pollution from vehicle exhausts. Exhaust gas is a polluting substance that pollutes the air where the gas is created from exhaust gas or gas from the combustion of vehicles. One alternative way to reduce the content of harmful exhaust gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons (HC) produced by motorized vehicles is by adding a catalytic converter. In this study, the catalytic converter uses Aluminum (Al), Brass (Cu-Zn), and Copper (Cu) materials. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of using a catalytic converter made of Aluminum (Al), Brass (Cu-Zn), and Copper (Cu) on exhaust gas. In addition, this study aims to determine the material used as a catalytic converter in order to get the lowest level of exhaust gas. Furthermore, the research data are presented in tabular form and then analyze them using one way anova and graphs. The results showed a decrease in CO by 50% at 1500 Rpm and 59.6% at 4500 Rpm, HC by 72% at 1500 Rpm and 55% at 4500 Rpm, CO2 by 3.22% at 1500 Rpm and 7.91% at 4500 Rpm, and O2 by 5.53% at 1500 Rpm and 1.66% at 3000 Rpm.

E-waste has become a critical global issue due to the rapid growth of electronic product consumption and the environmental risks associated with improper disposal. Traditional disposal methods, such as landfilling and incineration, are no longer sustainable as they lead to environmental degradation, health hazards, and loss of valuable resources. In contrast, remanufacturing, a key component of the circular economy, offers a more sustainable solution. This study explores the effectiveness of remanufacturing as a strategy for e-waste management, focusing on its ability to reduce waste generation and improve material efficiency in the electronics industry. The research utilizes a case study approach, examining industrial-scale remanufacturing processes, including material input-output analysis to track resource flows and waste streams. The findings reveal a significant reduction in e-waste generation, with up to a 50% decrease in waste volume, and substantial improvements in material recovery, particularly in metals like gold and copper. Additionally, the study highlights the economic and environmental benefits of remanufacturing, such as cost savings and resource conservation. However, the study also identifies barriers to the widespread adoption of remanufacturing, including technological, financial, and regulatory challenges. The results underscore the potential of a circular-economy-based remanufacturing model as a sustainable solution for the electronics industry. The study calls for further research into improving remanufacturing technologies, enhancing policy frameworks, and expanding circular economy practices across various industries.