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Yohan Fitriadi; Wellia Novita

Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Bersama Masyarakat 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

This training plays a crucial role in providing training to 37 participants in Nagari Bukit Batabuah, Agam Regency. It focuses on micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the region. Pre-training needs analysis helped the community service team understand the challenges faced by the partners and identify their primary needs. Survey data indicates that the majority of participants have been actively involved in various business sectors, with many already owning their businesses. Income analysis suggests income variation, with most participants falling into the middle and upper-middle-income categories. In the context of digital marketing, Shopee emerges as the primary platform chosen by participants, while diversification through WhatsApp Business, Facebook, and Instagram is also evident. This training provides a deep understanding and practical skills to MSME entrepreneurs, assisting them in developing effective marketing strategies and leveraging the full potential of online media for business growth

Andrianto Prasetya Nugroho; Sesri Sellina; Zulfa Zakiatul Hidayah; Prasetyo Hari Sandi; Nadia Meirani

Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Bersama Masyarakat 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

The business world is a zone of uncertainty, to survive we must have value or competitiveness. One strategy to increase competitiveness is to adapt to current developments. In this digital era, we can use e-commerce marketing media as a place to sell. Apart from marketing and sales media, there is also an important thing that attracts customers, namely packaging. A common problem that occurs in the business world in this era of digitalization is not being able to adapt to technology, this is also an obstacle for the business world today. So the aim of this community service activity is to provide assistance and guidance in using the online e-commerce sales platform. Apart from that, to increase product value we will provide insight into packaging design with the ultimate goal for business actors to increase productivity and profitability of course. In this case, the method used is direct counseling and guidance at the Cyqul Food business location in Harjamekar Village, North Cikarang. Guiding the use of e-commerce and developing packaging design is very necessary to improve business.

Dinal Rahmat Alam; Hismi Hismi; Sahrul Sahrul; Riki Gana Suyatna

Jurnal Manuhara : Pusat Penelitian Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This research aims to examine the influence of price and promotion on Shopee e-commerce purchasing decisions through a case study of Primagraha University students. Students also often shop through this application by exploring e-commerce. With the prices and promotions offered, many factors influence consumer purchasing decisions. In this research, the author considers price and promotion factors. This research methodology uses quantitative research with Primagraha University student respondents, with 103 respondents who often shop using the Shopee e-commerce application. Then data was obtained using a questionnaire. The results of this research show that the price impact is 8.4% and the promotion impact is 72.8%. Although the combined impact of price and promotion is 60% the remaining 40% is explained by other variables not considered in this study, such as product, location, people, process, physical evidence, wom and others.

Mulyani Rizki; Defatrian Defatrian

Jurnal Manuhara : Pusat Penelitian Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Various factors make Muslim fashion continue to develop. The continued increase in demand for Muslim fashion, the growth of hijab communities such as Hijabers Community, Hijabers Mom, and others, as well as the holding of various bazaars, Muslim fashion shows, hijab class activities on campuses, companies, recitations, or social gatherings really support the growth of this business in Indonesia. Water. Purchasing decisions are an important thing to pay attention to because this will certainly be a consideration of what marketing strategy the company will carry out next. The company's success in influencing consumers in purchasing decisions is strongly supported by efforts to build communication with consumers by building brands for consumers with marketing strategies, as well as innovating new variants of a product. E-Commerce is a new concept which is usually described as the process of buying and selling goods or services on the Internet or the process of buying and selling or exchanging products, services and information via information networks including the internet. e-commerce sells products to consumers online. Simply put, E-commerce is creating, managing and expanding commercial relationships online Judging from the phenomenon above, researchers are interested in researching the influence of E-commerce on Muslim clothing purchasing decisions among female students in the city of Palembang. The number of samples in this research was 100 respondents, this research used a quantitative approach. The data collection technique in this research uses a questionnaire, and the sampling technique uses a non-probability-purposive sampling method. The results of this study show that e-commerce has no influence on the purchasing decisions of Muslim clothing for Palembang city students.

Ahmad Dadan Hawari; Riki Gana Suyatna

Jurnal Nuansa : Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen dan Ekonomi Syariah 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Banten Batik own distinctive characteristics _ And unique because it's on the side every the motive tell a story history legacy culture sultanate offerings in the form of culture , society sultanate Banten . In effort For conserve And protect batik then required introduction to world various various batik motifs in Indonesia and its history. Research qualitative emphasize exists complaint from Heritage batik craftsmen Banten in the Citra Gading Complex , Village Karundang , sub-district cipocok , city attack , against low sale of Heirloom batik Banten . In fact , the number of batik produced is not comparable with number of batik sold . It means more many batiks do not sold , compared to those sold . Temporary system sales carried out by Heritage batik craftsmen Banten in the complex image Gading , village Karundang , sub-district cipocok , city attack , banten , that is system sale conventional . Through promotion between batik craftsman , neighbor , nor batik buyers . The aim is to help , marketing system conventional This not enough maximum to sale of heirloom batik offer . So , it is necessary breakthroughs new For push sale of heirloom batik offer . Wrong One Current problem _ this , that is constraint on batik marketing , which continues experience decline . The reason is the height competition between batik craftsmen . So , total more batik production a lot , in comparison with batik sold , as long as this is the sales process use system Sale conventional . Promotion , take advantage fellow batik craftsmen as well batik buyers . Craftsman Not yet Can take advantage progress technology . So , reach market only limited local to Serang City . for push its height batik sales , with use system digital marketing sales . stages to be done in the digital marketing process of selling heirloom batik offer . including , making webset official special on the page specifically www.batikpusakabanten.com website This under control Heritage Batik Center Banten complex image Gading , sub-district Karundang, subdistrict cipocok , city attack . For speed up the promotion process And sales , then The website www.batikpusakabanten.com will be later will strengthened with it was formed account Facebook , Twitter, Instagram , and networking social other with the same theme buy batik.dalam webset that , too available features interesting , that's the goal For make it easier service ordering .

Ahmad Dadan Hawari; Riki Gana Suyatna

Jurnal Nuansa : Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen dan Ekonomi Syariah 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Banten Batik own distinctive characteristics _ And unique because it's on the side every the motive tell a story history legacy culture sultanate offerings in the form of culture , society sultanate Banten . In effort For conserve And protect batik then required introduction to world various various batik motifs in Indonesia and its history. Research qualitative emphasize exists complaint from Heritage batik craftsmen Banten in the Citra Gading Complex , Village Karundang , sub-district cipocok , city attack , against low sale of Heirloom batik Banten . In fact , the number of batik produced is not comparable with number of batik sold . It means more many batiks do not sold , compared to those sold . Temporary system sales carried out by Heritage batik craftsmen Banten in the complex image Gading , village Karundang , sub-district cipocok , city attack , banten , that is system sale conventional . Through promotion between batik craftsman , neighbor , nor batik buyers . The aim is to help , marketing system conventional This not enough maximum to sale of heirloom batik offer . So , it is necessary breakthroughs new For push sale of heirloom batik offer . Wrong One Current problem _ this , that is constraint on batik marketing , which continues experience decline . The reason is the height competition between batik craftsmen . So , total more batik production a lot , in comparison with batik sold , as long as this is the sales process use system Sale conventional . Promotion , take advantage fellow batik craftsmen as well batik buyers . Craftsman Not yet Can take advantage progress technology . So , reach market only limited local to Serang City . for push its height batik sales , with use system digital marketing sales . stages to be done in the digital marketing process of selling heirloom batik offer . including , making webset official special on the page specifically www.batikpusakabanten.com website This under control Heritage Batik Center Banten complex image Gading , sub-district Karundang, subdistrict cipocok , city attack . For speed up the promotion process And sales , then The website www.batikpusakabanten.com will be later will strengthened with it was formed account Facebook , Twitter, Instagram , and networking social other with the same theme buy batik.dalam webset that , too available features interesting , that's the goal For make it easier service ordering .

Henri Yawan; Akmal Ramadhan Putra Setiawan; Muhammad Naufal Nurfirmansyah; Muhammad Fadli Al-Multazim; Noor Kholis Budiman +2 more

Maeswara : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study examines the impact of pricing strategy and service quality on customer preferences on the Shopee e-commerce platform. This study's methodology, which included a quantitative approach and primary data from a questionnaire, identified 33 Shopee users in Tasikmalaya. An analysis using SPSS confirms that the two factors mentioned above—price strategy and service quality—contribute about 40.5% to consumers' preferences for fashion products on Shopee. Even though price strategy has a significant relationship, service quality has a stronger and more positive impact on customer preferences. Implicitly, it is crucial for e-commerce businesses to improve the quality of their services while meticulously developing price phase strategy to make it more in line with customer preferences. All of this offers advantages for the e-commerce business in developing strategies to meet customer needs in an increasingly competitive market.

Muhammad Dimas Aldy; Rika Wulandari; Mesi Suharni Banurea; Nurbaiti Nurbaiti

Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Bisnis 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Opportunities for crime in the digital business world include various forms of threats, such as system hacking, theft of personal data, financial fraud, and other criminal acts that can harm companies and damage consumer trust. Digital business is a business activity that in its implementation utilizes technology as a medium, either when creating or in a series of marketing activities. In an effort to deal with opportunities for crime in the world of e-business, companies must prioritize information security, strict policy implementation, education and training for employees, as well as partnerships with security and government agencies. This research uses a qualitative literature study method by obtaining secondary data through published journal articles with the question "Are there many opportunities for crime in the utilization or use of e-business?". Based on this, it is clear that there are still many opportunities for crime in the digital business world and continue to occur, where the crimes that often occur are fraud, hacking, as well as cybercrime and cyberfraud.

Dylan Kaisar Hasya; Destania Safitri; Dewangkoro Ramadhan Putra; Farhan Bilawa Gita Maulana; Nur Aini Rakhmawati

Jurnal Manajemen Riset Inovasi 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

. In today's rapidly evolving digital era, e-commerce has emerged as a cornerstone of global trade. However, the proliferation of online fraud incidents has given rise to significant ethical concerns. This study delves into the ethical ramifications of online fraud profiles and tactics within the cybercrime domain, particularly their impact on the e-commerce ecosystem. Ethical considerations play a pivotal role in shaping behavior within e-commerce, safeguarding consumers, and guiding the formulation of effective policies by both e-commerce entities and governments. This research scrutinizes the phenomenon of online fraud in e-commerce transactions through a survey involving two respondent groups: Information Systems students at ITS and students from other departments. The survey results reveal that online fraud inflicts substantial emotional distress on victims, including feelings of panic, anger, and sadness. Financial losses and the potential exposure of sensitive data are prevalent repercussions of online fraud, eroding consumer trust and prompting questions about the ethical conduct of fraudsters. To address these issues, recommendations encompass heightened awareness of online fraud risks, increased transparency among e-commerce sellers, streamlining fraud reporting procedures, and a commitment to upholding higher standards of business ethics. The overarching objective is to foster a more ethical, secure, and sustainable e-commerce environment. In summary, this research offers comprehensive insights into how respondents perceive and experience online fraud in Indonesian e-commerce transactions, providing valuable guidance for more effective mitigation.

Akbar Firmansyah; Sri Wulandari

SENIMAN: Jurnal Publikasi Desain Komunikasi Visual 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Colar Living is a part of the Colar Creative Industry that focuses on the sale of kitchenware products made from teak wood. The issue faced by Colar Living is that this brand is relatively new, having started its business for only 3 months, which reduces consumer trust in the products sold through e-commerce. Additionally, some product photos displayed on Tokopedia are less appealing. A more professional product photography process is required to attract buyers and enhance consumer confidence in purchasing these kitchenware products. The methods employed to address the issues faced by Colar Living include interviews, observations, and discussions. The results of the Colar Living product photography process increase consumer confidence when purchasing products and also boost the sales of Colar Living products. The findings of this research are expected to provide insights for Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) entrepreneurs who are just starting their businesses to pay attention to product photography.  

Puput Iswandyah Raysharie; Irawan Irawan; Lia Aulia Amanda Bakti; Lyvia Angelqica; Mutia Nisa +4 more

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study looks at customer behavior on e-commerce platforms, with a particular emphasis on Shopee in Indonesia. The study involved 102 respondents to evaluate the relationship between variables. The results show that these factors have an impact on the repurchase intention of e-commerce customers on Shopee. The study was conducted using quantitative methods and used SPSS for statistical analysis. The results show that the components present in this study have an influence on customer repurchase intention. However, other factors not present in this study, for example, price, user experience, and promotion, may have a greater impact on customer repurchase intention than other factors. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the components that influence customers' willingness to make repeat purchases on e-commerce platforms. While product and service quality remain important, companies and marketers should consider these additional elements when they create their marketing strategies. This calls for further future research using large samples and deeper analysis to understand this more complex context and help run businesses better in the ever-evolving e-commerce market.

Ananta Argy Swardana; Alfian Candra Ayuswantana

SENIMAN: Jurnal Publikasi Desain Komunikasi Visual 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Internet technology has not only transformed societal thought patterns but has also significantly impacted lifestyles, particularly through User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX). In Indonesia, specifically in the fashion e-commerce sector, there has been rapid growth with over 2 million e-commerce businesses. The UI/UX design process utilizes the Design Thinking method, encompassing stages such as Emphatize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Testing. Through the involvement of surveys and interviews, user issues are identified and formulated in the How Might We framework. Figma is employed in the development of UI/UX, resulting in a prototype tested through Usability Testing and the Single Ease Question. The testing outcomes indicate the success of the prototype. Through the application of the Design Thinking method, the design process yields effective solutions, providing an optimal user experience in interacting with the e-commerce merchandise website of Sidoarjo city.

Ema Yudiani; Dian Ariani; Ida Aju Brahma Ratih; Tio Devilishanti; Ida Aju Brahmasari

Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

It is difficult for company players to market their products in the current digital era so that the share market expands. As a service partner, Tani Sejahtera Group offers excellent products. Gandus specialty coffee requires online media marketing through the use of e-commerce to promote supportive activities. Use the Rational Unified Process method (RUP) to approach implementation, which is incorrect. Developing web applications is one strategy utilized in problem-solving marketing. A website designed specifically for partners, www.kt Sejahtera Kopi.com, offers online ordering capabilities. Using a website for media promotion will enable you to reach a larger audience, which will benefit farmers in the prosperity group.

Esis Melisa; Lidya Melia Sari; Diratu Agnes Fitria; Tata Sutabri

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

The Society 5.0 era reflects the world's transition towards a society that integrates digital technology with everyday life. In this context, traditional culinary delights, such as lemang, have the potential to evolve and maintain their relevance amidst changing times. Lemang, a traditional rice-based food prepared by steaming it in bamboo sticks, has become an inseparable part of the culinary heritage of people in several Southeast Asian countries. However, with technological developments and shifts in people's consumption patterns, there is a tendency to ignore traditional culinary delights such as lemang. Therefore, it is important to implement strategies that can promote lemang so that they remain in demand in the Society 5.0 era. Integration of digital technology in the production, distribution and promotion processes of lemang can be a solution. Using social media platforms to promote the uniqueness and deliciousness of lemang, as well as bridging traditional craftsmen with a wider market through e-commerce are some ways to introduce lemang to a new generation. Additionally, innovation in recipes and presentation, without losing its traditional essence, can also be an interesting approach. By combining traditional values and innovation in the Society 5.0 era, lemang will not only survive, but will also increasingly develop and be accepted in the hearts of global society. Culinary is an important aspect of human culture that continues to develop along with the times. The Society 5.0 era, which is marked by the integration of digital technology in everyday life, provides new opportunities and challenges in preserving and improving traditional culinary culture such as lemang. Lemang is a traditional food from Indonesia, Malaysia and several other Southeast Asian countries made from sticky rice cooked in bamboo. This study aims to explain how technology and innovation can be used to improve Lemang culinary culture in the context of the Society 5.0 Era.

HAYCAL, MUHAMAD VIVALDY HAYCAL PERDANA; Muhamad Vivaldy Haycal Perdana; Teguh Kristanto

Jurnal Elektronika dan Komputer 2023 STEKOM PRESS

The development of print media is now more advanced, starting from ordering wedding invitations, business cards, letterheads, etc. offline, now it can be ordered online via the web. Currently, increasingly advanced technology, CV. Sinar Karya still uses the manual method to receive orders via telephone/walk in store. In the type of ordering goods, it is known that the customer generally has to come to the place to order the goods needed. But many customers feel dissatisfied with the system, technological developments are currently growing rapidly, namely making web orders that are easy for customers to understand. With advances in technology in Indonesia, the development of the e-commerce industry has made it easier for people to order goods online. This application was made using the waterfall method and built using the PHP programming language, BOOSTRAP. In developing this system through several stages, namely: needs analysis, system design, implementation, testing and development of the system. For the testing phase, a functional test is carried out using the Visual Studio application, used to test the function of the application that has been built, whether it meets what is needed. If the results of application testing have gone well and there are no problems. This web-based printing service system was created to make it easier for customers and owners to place orders and transactions. After the application is made and implemented, it can be concluded that in terms of customers, it is easier to place orders and make payment transactions at CV printing services. Sinar Karya. For owners it's easier when they want to see order data and customer data that has been registered in the application. Keywords: PHP, Ordering, Printing services, waterfall, boostrap

Ahmad Hudawi AS; Said Agil Asy’ari; Muhammad Naufal

Kegiatan Positif : Jurnal Hasil Karya Pengabdian Masyarakat 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

The implementation of this community service involves this Partner Village located in Randutatah Village, Paiton District, Probolinggo Regency. This group has various businesses, processed seafood. Technology development in the digital era has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including in business and marketing. E-commerce is one form of technology utilization that is growing rapidly, providing new opportunities for business actors, including farmers and fishermen in Randutatah Paiton Village. However, obstacles such as limited internet access, lack of e-commerce knowledge, low marketing networks, and intense competition on e-commerce platforms are the main challenges.To overcome these obstacles, a training program on e-commerce utilization was conducted.  This training program involves business owners and workers, with an implementation method that includes planning, implementing activities, and monitoring and evaluation. The purpose of the implementation of this community service is to apply e-commerce to the sale of various MSME products in Randutatah Village with the intention of introducing and increasing their sales turnover, while the method used is to use participatory methods, counseling, mentoring and training. The results obtained from the implementation of this community service are that with the help of training and e-commerce applications, it can reduce the sales turnover of MSME products in Randutatah Village.

Kristian Andrew Wahyudi

Jurnal Manuhara : Pusat Penelitian Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This research aims to learn more about "the impact of Tokopedia online store and Facebook marketplace on digital buying and selling media", answering the main problem at hand, namely how the impact of Tokopedia online store and Facebook marketplace on digital buying and selling media. The main idea of this research is how technological advances can be utilized to increase the profitability of MSMEs. The purpose of this research is to find out how the impact of Tokopedia e-commerce and Facebook marketplace on the sales of products owned by MSME players will increase. The method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive method that aims to determine the relationship between different variables. At the same time, this research should be supported by questionnaires and documentary studies. The basic population of this research is Tokopedia and Facebook Marketplace users. The least number of samples was taken from the SEM analysis, so the technique used was probability sampling with simple random sampling technique. The conclusion of this study is how the use of Tokopedia and Facebook Marketplace affects the level of product sales.

Princessa Sissy; Maharani Aisadira; Dyta Khairani; Fadhila Syahda; Nur Aini Rakhmawati

Jurnal Manuhara : Pusat Penelitian Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh dari strategi marketing digital melalui program Shopee Affiliate terhadap minat beli pelajar pada jurusan Sistem Informasi di Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS). Marketing digital telah menjadi aspek integral dalam era e-commerce yang berkembang pesat, dan program afiliasi Shopee merupakan salah satu metode yang menonjol dalam mencapai audiens target. Minat beli mahasiswa, sebagai variabel kunci, menjadi fokus utama dalam pemahaman perilaku konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi linear untuk mengukur sejauh mana dampak dari pemasaran digital Shopee Affiliate terhadap minat beli mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa menunjukkan bahwa marketing Shopee Affiliate memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan  sebesar 31,7% terhadap minat beli mahasiswa Sistem Informasi ITS. Penambahan nilai dalam marketing Shopee Affiliate akan meningkatkan minat beli secara statistik signifikan, yakni 0,257 satuan.

Intan Permata; Esther Sorta Mauli Nababan

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 2023 Pusat riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The trend of shopping in society is getting shifted, marked by the presence of the growing marketplaces and e-commerce. There are so many choices of marketplaces that can be easily accessed by the society. By the marketplaces vary, there would be many things to prepare by every marketplace to win the competition and always maintain the existence. Therefore, they must think and use the effective marketing strategy. The game theory is one of the ways that can be used to analyze the marketing strategy. The game theory is a mathematics model used in a conflict or competition among various interests that meet each other as competitors. Basically, the theory is a study of strategy interaction among the players to determine the best strategy and the obtained score. One of basic elements of the game theory is solving every case of the game theory where the pay-off matrix is shown in a game matrix table. The data of game between Shopee and Tokopedia obtained the optimum score which was 2.4443. Shopee and Bukalapak obtained the optimum score which was 6. Meanwhile, Tokopedia and Bukalapak obtained the optimum score which was 8.9925. In the Shopee, Tokopedia, and Bukalapak competition, the Nash equilibrium point is located at the point ()  with a pay off value (64,56,43), Shopee with a discount voucher strategy (), Tokopedia with a Product strategy (), and Bukalapak with a promotion strategy () which is the optimal strategy for each player.

Ruth Haryanti; Vip Paramarta; Maharanny Wulansari; Aulia Dini Rachmadanti; Febri Diotama

Maeswara : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This rapid development of technological knowledge can help humans fulfill the new order of civilization in the era of technology that was created to make daily work easier. Computers are not only used as electronic typewriters but have been used to increase work and business productivity. An information system is a system that provides information for the decision-making process at every level in an organization. Network users control what they do through graphical applications prepared for the user. All data including electronic mail (e-mail), databases are stored on the server. Special servers for the internet or even for certain internet functions are the heart of information on the internet. Getting many benefits from the internet, for example reducing communication costs, improving communication and coordination skills, distributing knowledge and providing facilities for e-business or e-commerce, including reducing communication costs. In this article the author explains the implementation of the internetworking concept (internet and extranet), the benefits of using each and the development that can be carried out from the internetworking concept, components and forms of application of the internetworking.