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Improving Students’ Writing Ability In The Procedure Text Using Duolingo Application At 8 Grade Students Of SMP Negeri 5 Pati. Final Project, English Study Program, Faculty of Language and Arts Education, Universitas PGRI Semarang. Supervisor I Dra. Maria Yosephin, M.Pd, Supervisor II: Dra. Siti Lestari, M.Pd. This study aims to 1) to find out the improvement of students’ writing competence in procedure text before they are taught using the Duolingo application. 2) to find out the improvement of students’ writing competence in procedure text skills after they are taught using the Duolingo application. 3) to explain the significant difference in students’ writing competence in procedure text taught before and after using Duolingo application. In this study, the researcher used quantitative research. An experimental design was applied in carrying out this study.  The researcher took two classes as samples: VIII A (experimental group) and VIII B (control group). The experimental group has been given treatment by duolingo application in procedure text. On the other hand, the control group was not assigned treatment at all. The population in this study was class VIII in the  academic year 2023/2024. This study indicated that using Duolingo Application in procedure text is an effective technique. The results of the pre-test mean scores in both classes were 66.34 for the experimental group and 66.94 for the control group. In addition, the mean post-test score of experimental group was 84.78, and the control group was 76.66. These findings were calculated using the t-test formula. The t-test > t-table, based on the test results. T-table 5% percentage is 1.670. the computation shows that 6.180 > 1.670. There is a significant difference in students using  the Duolingo application in procedure text for students of grade 8 of SMP Negeri 5 Pati. Students are interested and excited when using Duolingo Application in the learning and teaching process with the goal of developing students’ writing skills. Based on the research findings, the researcher concludes that using Duolingo Application in procedure text can help students to develop and improve students writing skills.

Writing Skills is one of the four maharah studied in Arabic. Writing Skills  is a way of expressing language and feelings through writing. In Writing Skills there are three elements that are trained intensively, namely, imla', khat (calligraphy) and insha'. The success of an Arabic written work can be seen from the effectiveness of the Writing Skills studied. The aim of this research is to determine the extent of the effectiveness of Writing Skills on the writing results of Arabic language education students at the North Sumatra State Islamic University Medan. This research uses qualitative methods with data collection methods using interviews and library literature. The results of this research found that the Writing Skills studied by Semester V Arabic Language Education students at the North Sumatra State Islamic University, Medan, was quite effective. Where students already understand the rules of writing Arabic properly and correctly and are able to write an essay in Arabic writing.

This article discusses the important role of language error analysis in improving one's writing skills. Language error analysis plays a crucial role in the language learning process, especially in the development of writing skills. By understanding the errors made in writing, one can identify frequently occurring error patterns and address them. The language error analysis method not only helps correct grammatical errors, but also opens up a deeper understanding of better language structure. With a better understanding of mistakes made, one can improve clarity, coherence, and cohesion in one's writing. This article also highlights how the use of language error analysis techniques in the learning process can provide constructive feedback to writers. Thus, this article emphasizes the importance of language error analysis in supporting the improvement of one's writing ability.  

This research aims to improve students' cursive writing skills through guided writing-based student worksheets in class III B at SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan. This research is classroom action research, the subjects of this research were 22 students consisting of 9 men and 13 women. The implementation of this action was carried out for three weeks, where each week one meeting included learning and assessment. The presentation of the first cycle material began on 14 September 2023 and the first cycle test was on 18 September 2023. The presentation of the second cycle material was carried out on 23 October 2023. The results of the study showed that there were 67.1% (15 students) showing good cursive writing skills. pretty good. Then in the second cycle it increased to 96.3%. The contribution of implementing Guided Writing-based LKPD to improving students' writing skills is very significant, meaning it is in the high category. So it can be concluded that the teacher's ability to apply Guided Writing learning media can improve students' writing skills in Indonesian language subjects in class III B UPTD SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan.    

Writing skills (maharah al-kitabah) are the highest of the four language skills. Writing is an activity that is related to the thinking process and expression skills in written form. Maharah Kitabah or also known as applied writing has a very important role in human life. Even in educational institutions, learning a foreign language is the main aim of writing skills. In general, writing skills have unique characteristics compared to other types of skills that have an impact on teaching methods. Therefore, every educator needs to look for effective writing teaching methods to improve student achievement. The most effective is the Total Physical Response method or known as Perfect Physical Response (TPR). In the 1960s, American psychologist James Asher developed the TPR method. This research uses a qualitative method, descriptive research type. In other words, this method provides comprehension practice through the use of physical drawing techniques during foreign language teaching at the initial level. This method has the following principles: First, teaching must reduce productive skills in language learning (spoken and written). Second, delay teaching speaking before the child's understanding has developed. Third, language skills acquired through hearing transfer to other skills (speaking, reading and writing). Fourth, teaching must emphasize the meaning of form.

This study aims to improve students' writing skills through image media by using an individual learning learning model in class II UPTD SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan. This research is Classroom Action Research, the subject of this study is class II which amounts to 32 students consisting of 19 boys and 13 girls. This research was carried out as many as 2 cycles, each cycle consists of four stages, namely action planning, action implementation, evaluation, and reflection. This research was conducted in the Teacher Training Professional Strengthening (P2K) activity which began on September 4-October 14 in the 2023/2024 school year. The results showed that the average score (mean) after applying image media in learning increased from 78% to 82%. Similarly, the completeness of student learning has increased from cycle I and cycle II. And from the results of the comparison of learning process activities in cycles I and II showed that there were several student activities that increased such as student attendance, students who paid attention to material discussion, students who asked questions and students who did practice questions. So it can be said that through image media can improve writing skills and learning outcomes of grade II students of UPTD SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan.

This study aims to improve students' writing skills through image media by using an individual learning learning model in class II UPTD SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan. This research is Classroom Action Research, the subject of this study is class II which amounts to 32 students consisting of 19 boys and 13 girls. This research was carried out as many as 2 cycles, each cycle consists of four stages, namely action planning, action implementation, evaluation, and reflection. This research was conducted in the Teacher Training Professional Strengthening (P2K) activity which began on September 4-October 14 in the 2023/2024 school year. The results showed that the average score (mean) after applying image media in learning increased from 78% to 82%. Similarly, the completeness of student learning has increased from cycle I and cycle II. And from the results of the comparison of learning process activities in cycles I and II showed that there were several student activities that increased such as student attendance, students who paid attention to material discussion, students who asked questions and students who did practice questions. So it can be said that through image media can improve writing skills and learning outcomes of grade II students of UPTD SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan.

Children's literacy skills play a crucial role in their cognitive and academic development. The phonics learning approach has been proven effective in helping children develop good reading and writing skills. This study aims to describe how children's literacy mentoring through phonics learning can improve their reading and writing skills. children's literacy mentoring through phonics learning has a positive impact in improving reading and writing skills. The involvement of teachers and parents is crucial in providing support and motivation to the children. This research provides a deeper look into how the phonics approach can be effectively implemented in an effort to improve children's literacy.

This study aims to see the effectiveness of the memory card matching game on increasing German vocabulary (Wortschatz) of Class XI Students of SMA YP HKBP Pematang Siantar. This research used quantitative method with experimental approach and One Group Pretest-Posttest research design. The population in this study were class XI students totaling 34 people. The sample used was 19 people, namely students of class XI IPA SMA YP HKBP Pematang Siantar. The conclusion of this study, namely the Matching Card learning media on increasing German vocabulary (Wortschatz) of XI science class students of SMA YP HKBP Pematang Siantar. This is evidenced by an increase in the average score of students at the time of the pretest of 48.68 below the KKM and at the time of the posttest to 87.00 above the KKM. Based on the results of data analysis and hypotheses tested, it is known that the Matching Card learning media is effective on students' writing skills. This is evidenced by the results of the normalized N-Gain test analysis with a score of 0.7705 or equivalent to 77%, where the score is in the effective category. Then based on the statistical hypothesis test with paired samples test, the significance value is 0.001 <0.05 in the sense that the calculated statistical results (t output number) < table statistics (t table), it is concluded that Ho is rejected and H₁ is accepted.  Thus, the Matching Card learning media has an effect in the effective category on the learning process.  

, This research aims to determine: the effectiveness of audio-visual learning media on Writing Skills, Personal Experiences of Class IV students at Rappojawa State Elementary School. This type of research uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a type of experimental research. Experimental research involving one class, this research includes pretest, treatment and posttest tests. This design was used because this research only involved one class, namely the experimental class which began with a pretest before being given treatment and a posttest after being given treatment. The results of the research show that the use of audio-visual media on writing skills. Personal Experience of Grade IV students at Rappojawa State Elementary School is effective, as can be seen from. The average score of the Indonesian language learning results test in writing Personal Experiences using audio-visual media is 87.20 with a standard deviation of 4.10. From these results it was found that 26 students (100%) had achieved individual completeness and this means that classical completeness had been achieved. achieved, there was effectiveness in student learning outcomes after applying audio-visual learning media because the average value of the normalized N-Gain Test results was 0.70 and was generally in the medium and high categories. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that audio visual media is applied in Indonesian language learning in class IV of Rappojawa State Elementary School, there is significant effectiveness in the use of audio visual media in improving Personal Experience writing skills.    

This study aims to, (1) To find out the skills of writing procedural texts without using the mind mapping method in class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Siantar in the 2022/2023 Academic Year. (2) To find out the skills of writing procedural texts using the mind mapping method in class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Siantar in the 2022/2023 Academic Year. (3) To find out the effect of the mind mapping method on the skills of writing procedural texts in class VII students of Siantar 1 Middle School in the 2022/2023 Academic Year. The population in this study was students from VII SMP Negeri 1 Siantar with a sample size of 30 students using the Mind Mapping method. The instruments used in this study were writing procedural text contents, writing procedural text structures, writing procedural text writing rules and language features of procedural texts. The method used in this research is one group pretest-posttest. Data analysis techniques use analysis requirements tests, normality tests, and hypothesis tests. The research results during the pretest obtained an average of 60.47, and were included in the sufficient category. Meanwhile, the results of the posttest research obtained an average score of 88 and were included in the very good category. Through testing the hypothesis, namely tcount > ttable, namely 8.5047 > 2.0484, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence from the use of the Mind Mapping method on the Writing Skills of Procedure Text in Class VII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Siantar.

The purpose of this community service activity is to provide assistance to the educators/council of ustadz and ustadzah at TPQ Salafiyah Ar-Risalah regarding the making and use of smart card media to improve writing abilities and skills both in terms of khat, vocabulary, sentence structure and grammatical Arabic. This research uses qualitative methods because the object of research is focused on the process of learning Arabic in the form of the use of smart card media in writing skills both in terms of khat, vocabulary, sentence structure and grammar. With the smart card learning media, it will certainly make the students enthusiastic when learning takes place, especially after the learning activities of the students are active, enthusiastic and able to answer questions about maharoh kitabah. Assistance activities to the community in the form of PAR (Participatory Action Research) service to educators at TPQ Salafiyah Ar-Risalah Curah Putih Tegalwangi, through this smart card learning media made of cardboard and origami paper, have many benefits in learning Maharoh Kitabah and can invite students to be more enthusiastic and play an active role during the activity

This study aims to (1) explain the writing skills of class XI students at SMAN 4 Binjai before using the paraphrase technique, (2) explain the writing skills of class XI students at SMAN 4 Binjai after using the paraphrase technique, (3) describe the influence of paraphrasing techniques on the ability to write scientific papers at SMAN 4 Binjai. The method that used in this study is an experimental method with a one group pre-test post-test design. The population used in this study included all 170 students in class XI IPA at SMA Negeri 4 Binjai and the sample in this study was students in class XI IPA 1 with a total of 35 students. Data analysis techniques that researchers use to support this research are quantitative data by testing analysis requirements, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the average results of students' paper writing skills before using the paraphrasing technique had a score of 53.97. For the average value obtained by students after using the paraphrasing technique, they obtained a score of 82.62 and belonged to the good category. Overall it can be concluded that teaching by using the paraphrasing technique has a positive effect on the ability to write scientific papers in class XI students of SMA Negeri 4 Binjai.  

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of the example non example learning model on the persuasive text writing skills of Grade VIII students of SMP Deli Murni Sukamaju. The learning model used is example non example, where students analyze examples in the form of pictures, photos, and cases that contain problems. This study uses pictures and cases as examples in the example non example learning model. The population of this study were all students of class VIII SMP Deli Murni Sukamaju, with a sample of 29 students from class VIII-1. The method used in this study was an experimental design with one group pre-test and post-test. Data analysis techniques include hypothesis testing, normality testing, and analysis requirements testing. The pretest results show an average score of 62.10 in the less category. However, the posttest results showed an average score of 86.83 when using pictures and 87.86 when using cases. The results of hypothesis testing using the "t" test show a value of 12.12 > 2.048 when using pictures and 11.92 > 2.048 when using cases. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. This proves that there is a significant effect of using the example non example learning model with cases on the persuasive text writing skills of class VIII students of SMP Deli Murni Sukamaju.

This study aims (1) to analyze the skills of writing fable texts for class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Tanah Pinem for the 2022/2023 academic year using the conventional learning model; (2) To analyze the skills of writing fable texts for class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Tanah Pinem for the 2022/2023 Academic Year using the Concept Sentence learning model; (3) To analyze the effect of the Concept Sentence learning model in improving the skills of writing fable texts for class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Tanah Pinem Academic Year 2022/2023. The method used in this research is the experimental method of two group post-test design. The population in this study were all students of class VII SMP Negeri 1 Tanah Pinem. The population of class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Tanah Pinem for the 2022/2023 academic year is 108 students divided into 4 classes. Of the 108 students, the samples in this study were class VII-A which consisted of 27 students and class VII-C which consisted of 27 students. In this study, the researcher made class VII-A as the experimental class, while class VII-C was the control class. The data analysis technique used in this study is quantitative data by using analysis requirements test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the average value of the fable text writing skills of the experimental class students was 83.96 belonging to the good category while the average value of the control class was 62.25 belonging to the sufficient category and did not meet the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM), namely 75. Based on the t test, the significance level value α = 0.05 and n = 27 is obtained, ttable = 2.056. Thus it can be concluded that tcount > ttable, that is, 8.68 > 2.056, so the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. This proves that there is a significant effect of using the Concept Sentence learning model on the skills of writing fable texts for class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Tanah Pinem for the 2022/2023 academic year.

One effort to improve poetry writing skills in grade 4 students is to choose the rightmethod. In learning Indonesian, there is a lack of students' skills in writing poetry, low learning outcomes in poetry writing skills using inappropriate methods. The method used in this study is the image media method, which is a method for conveying material with a fun activity. This study aims to improve the poetry writing skills of grade 4 students at SDN 2 Cimanggu. This type of research is classroom action research consisting of two cycles which include planning, implementing, observing, reflecting. The research subjects were 20 grade 4 students at SDN 2 Cimanggu. Sources of data come from teachers and students. Data collection techniques using observation, written tests and documentation. The data collection instruments used were lesson plans, teacher observation sheets, student observation sheets and poetry writing assessment rubik. There is an increase in student learning outcomes after using media images. The results of the pre-action research showed that the average value of writing poetry was 58.25 with 20% student completeness, then cycle I learning activities with an average of 69 with 60% student completeness. Furthermore, in cycle II, students' learning abilities increased by an average of 76.25 with 85% student mastery. Thus image media can improve writing poetry for grade 4 students at SDN 2 Cimanggu.

This study aims to determine the ways to develop short story writing skills of vocational high school students, the factors causing the lack of such skills, innovative and effective strategies to be applied, the effectiveness of applying such strategies, and the benefits that students can obtain in developing their short story writing skills. The research method used is qualitative research with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and literature review. The results show that factors such as lack of motivation, limited vocabulary, and lack of understanding of short story structure can cause the lack of short story writing skills among vocational high school students. Innovative and effective strategies that can be applied include the use of visual and audio media, vocabulary development, and short story writing techniques application. The implementation of these strategies is effective in improving short story writing skills of vocational high school students and can provide benefits in developing critical thinking skills, creativity, as well as improving language and literacy skills of students.

The non-optimal ability to write poetry of high school students in class XI Negeri 1 Tanggetada in the 2022/2023 academic year can be seen from the initial observations which illustrate that the learning has not run optimally. To improve the ability to write poetry, teachers need to choose the right strategy, namely the mind mapping strategy. The data in this study were obtained from a poetry writing ability test and then analyzed descriptively. The description of the research results based on the initial observation of learning students are less active, easily bored, and students pay less attention to the teacher's explanation, so that the average student score is only 63 with 22% learning completeness. After the first cycle of action, the average value of students increased to 67 with 69% learning completeness. In cycle II, the results of the action showed that the mastery of the material after being given a test of students' poetry writing skills increased to an average of 78 with 94% learning completeness. Learning completeness with percentage calculations in cycle II has met the success indicators set in this study and the cycle is declared discontinued. The conclusion is that through the application of mind mapping strategy, it can improve students' poetry writing ability.

This study aims to improve students' ability to write poetry creatively through the discovery-inquiry method for class VII students of SMPN 2 Marioriwawo. This research is a class action research (PTK) meaning class-based research in which the procedure is carried out with various actions (action research). Classroom action research can be defined as a part in the form of a reflective study by action actors, which is carried out to increase the rational ability of the actions taken and improve the conditions in which the learning practices are carried out. This classroom action research is intended to develop new skills or approaches to solving problems with direct application in schools. Classroom action research is also carried out thematically by following certain procedures or steps. This study uses a class action research design (CAR) with two cycles, namely the action process in cycle I and cycle II. In the first cycle aims to determine students' skills in creative writing poetry. While the results of the process research held in cycle II aimed to determine the level of students' abilities in writing poetry after making improvements in student teaching and learning activities. Cycle I aims to determine students' poetry creative writing skills, from cycle I it is used as a reflection to carry out cycle II. While the second cycle aims to find out the increase in students' poetry creative writing skills through the Discovery-Inquiry method after making improvements to the implementation of the teaching and learning process based on cycle I. Students' poetry creative writing test scores in cycle I reached an average of 56% of students in class or the class doesn't understand about creative poetry writing. The average results of cycle II tests reached an average of 75% for the number of students in the class or in the good category. The students' poetry test results from Cycle I to Cycle II increased by 19%. This increase was caused by the adaptability of students in cycle II with the discovery-inquiry learning method used by researchers.

Language has four skills, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. The lack of advanced writing skills in high grades in MI/SD is due to the lack of use of innovative learning methods which are still not optimal. So in this case the teacher must change the learning situation so that it is more active by choosing the right method. This study aims to determine; (1) What are the problems that affect low advanced writing skills in high grades, (2) What are the methods to improve aspects of advanced writing skills in high grades. The research uses the library research method, namely by examining scientific sources such as related books and journals. The research results are; (1) Knowing what are the problems that affect low advanced writing skills in high grades (2) Knowing the methods used by teachers to improve aspects of advanced writing skills in high grades.