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Literature reviews play a crucial role in scientific research because they serve to integrate previous research findings to build a conceptual framework that supports new research. However, in the practice of writing Classroom Action Research (CAR) articles, previous research is often presented descriptively without adequate conceptual synthesis. This study aims to systematically analyze the practice of citing prior research in the literature review of CAR articles as part of a systematic literature review. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, which include the stages of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and literature synthesis. Literature sources were obtained from various academic databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Crossref using keywords relevant to classroom action research and literature reviews. Data analysis was conducted through thematic analysis to identify patterns and trends in the writing practices of previous research in the literature review of classroom action research. The results indicate that literature review writing in action research articles is still dominated by a descriptive approach that presents previous research sequentially without adequate conceptual integration and thematic synthesis. Furthermore, critical evaluation of prior research methodologies remains limited, meaning that literature reviews do not yet fully serve as a foundation for developing the theoretical framework of the research. The findings highlight the importance of applying a systematic literature review approach in writing PTK literature reviews to produce a more analytical, systematic, and integrated synthesis of the literature.

The following study aims to analyze the influence of buzzer marketing, influencer marketing, and brand trust on purchase intention of Wardah products on TikTok Shop. The background of the study is based on the increasing use of TikTok Shop as a social commerce platform and the importance of digital marketing strategies in influencing consumer purchasing intention, especially in the cosmetics industry that demands brand trust. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire distributed to 100 respondents. Data were analyzed through validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression. The results indicate that all instruments are valid and reliable and the model meets classical assumptions. Partially, buzzer marketing, influencer marketing, and brand trust have a significant effect on purchase intention, with coefficients of 0.494, 0.362, and 0.264, respectively. Simultaneously, all three variables also have a significant effect. The coefficient of determination value of 0.535 indicates that the variation in purchase intention is explained by these three variables.

The growth of information technology has driven changes in consumer behavior, one of which is through e-commerce platforms such as Shopee. This phenomenon has generated a large number of customer reviews, including those for local cosmetic products such as Wardah. These reviews serve as an important source of information for understanding customer perceptions and satisfaction levels. However, manual analysis of large and linguistically diverse datasets is inefficient and potentially subjective. This study aims to implement the multi-category Naive Bayes algorithm to classify the sentiment of Wardah product reviews on Shopee into three categories: positive, negative, and neutral. The data were collected using a web scraping technique and processed through a series of preprocessing stages including case folding, tokenization, stopword removal, stemming, and text cleaning. Subsequently, term weighting was performed using the TF-IDF method prior to classification. Model performance was evaluated using a confusion matrix as well as accuracy, precision, and recall metrics. The results indicate that the multi-category Naive Bayes algorithm achieved an accuracy of 86.00%, a precision of 86.63%, and a recall of 98.24%. This approach can assist business practitioners in objectively understanding customer opinions and support decision-making in business strategy and product development.

Infrastructure development as a National Strategic Project (NSP), such as the Yogyakarta-Bawen Toll Road, aims to improve public welfare but often faces a crucial issue in the land acquisition process, namely the determination of compensation. This research examines the application of substantive justice, which focuses not only on procedural compliance (procedural justice) but also on the fairness and adequacy of the final outcome for the entitled parties. Using a juridical-empirical approach, this article analyzes two main problems: first, how substantive justice is realized in the deliberation stage of determining compensation and what factors cause disagreement from residents. Second, how the overall stages of land acquisition affect the achievement of substantive justice and the obstacles encountered. The analysis shows that although the land acquisition stages have procedurally followed Law No. 2 of 2012, the achievement of substantive justice is still hindered. Factors such as the appraisal of compensation which is deemed not to cover non-physical losses, lack of transparency, and an imbalanced bargaining position in deliberations are the main causes of disagreement. Obstacles in the planning, socialization, and payment stages also impede the realization of a complete sense of justice for the affected communities. This study is expected to contribute to the development of land acquisition policies that prioritize fairness, transparency, and the protection of the rights of affected communities.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh storytelling marketing terhadap purchase intention melalui brand experience dan brand engagement pada produk makeup Wardah di kalangan mahasiswa Kota Surabaya. Storytelling marketing menjadi strategi pemasaran yang digunakan untuk membangun hubungan emosional dan meningkatkan keterlibatan konsumen terhadap merek, khususnya dalam industri kosmetik yang kompetitif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik purposive sampling yang melibatkan 180 mahasiswa aktif di perguruan tinggi Kota Surabaya yang pernah membeli atau menggunakan Wardah serta terpapar konten storytelling di media sosial. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan metode PLS-SEM dengan bantuan SmartPLS 3.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa storytelling marketing tidak berpengaruh signifikan secara langsung terhadap purchase intention. Namun, storytelling marketing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap brand experience dan brand engagement, yang keduanya juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap purchase intention. Brand engagement memediasi secara penuh pengaruh storytelling marketing terhadap purchase intention, serta brand experience juga memediasi hubungan tersebut.

Pendidikan berbasis akhlak merupakan salah satu pilar utama dalam tradisi keilmuan Islam yang menempatkan pembentukan karakter sebagai tujuan esensial dari proses pendidikan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pemikiran para tokoh Islam klasik dan modern terkait konsep pendidikan berbasis akhlak serta mengevaluasi relevansinya dalam konteks pendidikan masa kini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka, melalui analisis terhadap karya-karya Al-Ghazali, Ibn Miskawaih, Ibnu Sina, dan Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, yang dikenal sebagai pemikir penting dalam perkembangan gagasan pendidikan akhlak. Hasil kajian menunjukkan adanya keselarasan pandangan di antara keempat tokoh tersebut mengenai pentingnya sinergi antara aspek spiritual, intelektual, dan moral sebagai inti dalam pembentukan karakter peserta didik. Al-Ghazali menitikberatkan pada proses tazkiyatun nafs sebagai landasan pengembangan akhlak, sementara Ibn Miskawaih menyumbang gagasan melalui teori keseimbangan jiwa. Ibnu Sina menyoroti peranan lingkungan dan keteladanan pendidik dalam membangun karakter anak didik, sedangkan al-Attas menggarisbawahi pentingnya konsep adab sebagai elemen fundamental dalam struktur pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa konsep pendidikan berbasis akhlak yang digagas para pemikir tersebut tetap memiliki daya relevansi untuk menghadapi tantangan pendidikan modern, khususnya dalam upaya memperkuat pendidikan karakter, mencegah kemerosotan moral, dan membangun pendekatan pembelajaran yang holistik. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi bagi pengembangan kurikulum dan strategi pengajaran yang menjadikan akhlak sebagai pusat dari proses pendidikan secara menyeluruh.

This study aims to analyze the role of leaders as protectors of society through the perspective of ideal leadership values, particularly humility, exemplary conduct, and justice. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through interviews with key informants knowledgeable about leadership, as well as literature reviews from various academic sources. The results indicate that leaders hold a strategic function in providing protection morally, socially, and through public policy. The informant emphasized that “a humble leader is more easily accepted by the community, allowing policies and protective measures to run effectively.” Furthermore, the discussion reveals that leaders are expected to serve as role models, maintain social harmony, and provide a sense of security for the community. In conclusion, effective leadership must be grounded in exemplary behaviors and humility to optimally fulfill the role of societal protection. This study recommends strengthening leadership capacities oriented toward moral and ethical values to achieve better governance and community harmony.

The skincare industry in Indonesia is experiencing rapid growth, primarily driven by the significant development of e-commerce and increased consumer awareness of self-care. This surge has resulted in intense competition among brands. This comparative study aims to analyze the role of trust as a mediating variable that connects price fairness, celebrity endorsements, and e-WOM to repurchase intentions for two brands: Somethinc (a science-based brand) and Wardah (a halal-based brand). A quantitative research method was used, involving a survey with a 5-point Likert scale distributed to 150 millennials and Gen Z respondents in Semarang City. The data were analyzed using PLS-SEM (SmartPLS). The findings reveal that both celebrity endorsements and trust have a significant impact on repurchase intentions for both brands. In contrast, price fairness and e-WOM do not have a significant direct effect on either brand. However, the study shows that trust effectively mediates the influence of price fairness, celebrity endorsements, and e-WOM on repurchase intentions. This underscores the vital role of trust in enhancing customer loyalty to Somethinc and Wardah. These findings suggest that strengthening brand trust in skincare products can significantly boost customer loyalty.

This research aims to examine the contribution of the Price Variable, Promotion Variable, and Product Rating Variable to Consumer Purchase Intention for Wardah cosmetic products on the Shopee e-commerce platform. The type of research used is a quantitative approach with data collection techniques through questionnaires distributed to respondents, namely consumers who have purchased Wardah cosmetic products on the Shopee e-commerce platform. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques.The findings show that the Price variable contributes significantly, indicating that the more appropriate and affordable the price offered is in accordance with consumers’ perceived value, the higher their intention to purchase Wardah products on the Shopee e-commerce platform. Promotion is also proven to make a significant contribution to Purchase Intention, meaning that the more effective, informative, persuasive, and attractive the promotional activities are (both online and offline), the stronger the consumers’ motivation to purchase Wardah products on Shopee. Product Rating also has a significant contribution to Purchase Intention, indicating that the higher the ratings or positive reviews given by other users, the greater the consumers’ interest in purchasing Wardah products on Shopee. Good ratings can lower perceived risk, increase trust, and encourage consumers to make purchases, especially on e-commerce platforms.This research emphasizes the importance of pricing strategies, improving promotional quality, and managing product reviews and ratings as efforts to increase consumer interest and purchase decisions.

This study aims to analyze the influence of entertainment content consumption on TikTok toward the stress levels of university students. TikTok has become one of the most frequently used social media platforms among young adults, offering entertainment, distraction, and emotional relief. Meanwhile, academic stress is a common issue among students due to heavy coursework, deadlines, and pressure to perform. This research uses a quantitative method with a survey distributed to 100 active university students aged 18–24 who own a TikTok account and consume entertainment content such as comedy, challenges, and viral videos. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression. The results show that the overall frequency of using TikTok for entertainment is very high (mean = 4.26), while the level of academic stress also falls into the high category (mean = 4.06). Regression analysis indicates that TikTok entertainment content significantly affects students’ stress levels (p < 0.001). Result found is positive, meaning higher TikTok usage is associated with higher stress. The significance value based on the simple linear regression coefficient table is 0.000 < 0.05, so it can be concluded that the variable Use of TikTok Entertainment Content (X) has an effect on the variable Stress Levels Among Students (Y).

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of halal brands, brand image, and price perceptions on the motivation and purchasing choices of Wardah consumers, as well as to identify the psychological and behavioral factors underlying the phenomenon of "The Wardah Effect" among Indonesian people. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach supported by qualitative data. A total of 21 Wardah respondents aged 18 to 27 years old in Kudus were selected as respondents through purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected online using a questionnaire with a Likert scale and open-ended questions. The results showed that three main factors greatly influenced "The Wardah Effect", namely value (halal image and pride in local products), economic efficiency (affordable prices), and ease of access (easy to find). Most respondents felt proud of local products (81.0%), found the prices offered affordable (95.2% agreed), and thought that the products were easy to find (90.5%). Halal imagery is also the most influential component, which provides a sense of security and trust (76.2% fully agree). Promotions and advertisements had an impact on 80.9% of respondents. It was concluded that Wardah's purchase decision was based on three types of rationality, namely economic, cultural, and ideological, as well as social-digital, thus making Wardah a symbol of identity and social values for the younger generation.

In the increasingly developing digital era, the role of influencers on social media has become increasingly significant in influencing consumer behavior and their purchasing intentions. This study aims to quantitatively analyze the relationship between the presence of influencers on social media and consumer purchasing intentions. This research aims to determine how influencers and social media (TikTok) influence the purchasing intentions of Wardah products among female students of STBM Dua Sudara Bitung. This research uses a descriptive quantitative research design. The sample in this study was 77 respondents with a purposive sampling method. In addition, multiple linear regression analysis shows that factors such as age and gender can moderate the relationship between the presence of influencers on social media and purchasing intentions. For example, the millennial generation may be more likely to be influenced by influencers in their purchasing decisions compared to older generations. The data of this study were analyzed using the SPSS program. After the data was tested using a correlation test, the findings in this study obtained a value of 0.717. Then the value in the determination test was 0.000>0.05, which means there is a significant relationship. Furthermore, the results of the simple linear regression test showed that the calculated t-value was greater than the table t-value, indicating significant significance. This means that influencers and social media (TikTok) have a strong influence on Wardah product purchase intention among female students at STBM Dua Sudara Bitung.

This study investigates the influence of Brand Image, Product Quality, and the use of Social Media on consumers’ purchasing decisions to Wardah facial cream. Using a quantitative method with purposive sampling technique, this study involved 120 Wardah product users in the West Semarang area. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and processed using SmartPLS 4.0. The results indicate that product quality and social media usage have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, whereas brand image shows a positive but insignificant effect. This suggests that consumers tend to prioritize tangible attributes such as product quality and active engagement through social media over brand perception The model explains 75.2% of the variance in purchasing decisions (Adjusted R² = 0.752), highlighting the strong explanatory power of the variables examined. Practically, the findings suggest that marketers should prioritize product quality and optimize social media campaigns to boost customer engagement and loyalty, while reassessing brand perception strategies.

This study aims to describe the experiences of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in facing multicultural challenges at MA Al Wardah Tembung. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that PAI teachers successfully manage student diversity through empathetic, inclusive, and contextual approaches. They instill the values of tolerance, brotherhood, and religious moderation, creating a harmonious learning atmosphere. Diversity in the school becomes a potential strength that enriches the learning process and shapes students’ open-minded and respectful character.

The development of digital technology has changed consumer interaction and behavior patterns, including in purchasing decisions. Social media, especially TikTok, has become a strategic platform in marketing due to its interactive and visual content-based nature. Wardah, as a local cosmetics brand, utilizes TikTok through content marketing and Electronic Word of Mouth (E-WOM) strategies to strengthen brand awareness and encourage purchasing interest. This study aims to analyze the influence of content marketing and E-WOM on TikTok social media on the decision to purchase Wardah products. The research method used is quantitative with an associative approach. The research sample consisted of 97 respondents determined through purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using validity and reliability tests, descriptive analysis, classical assumption tests, hypothesis testing, multiple linear regression analysis, and the coefficient of determination R2. The results showed that content marketing had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions (t-count = 2.188; sig. 0.031). E-WOM also has a positive and significant effect (t-count = 15.020; sig. 0.001), with a more dominant effect than content marketing. Simultaneously, both social media have a significant effect on purchasing decisions (F-count = 119.690; sig. 0.001). The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.718 indicates that 71.8% of the variation in purchasing decisions can be explained by both social factors, while 28.2% is influenced by other social factors outside the scope of this study. These findings confirm the importance of digital marketing strategies based on creative content and consumer reviews in increasing purchasing decisions for Wardah products on TikTok.

This research investigates the impact of influencer marketing, brand awareness, and product quality on consumers' decisions to purchase Wardah lip cream. Employing a quantitative method, data was gathered through an online questionnaire filled out by 100 participants who are actual users of the product. The data was then analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through the SmartPLS 4 software. Based on the analysis, influencer marketing was found to have a positive and statistically significant effect on purchase decisions. In contrast, brand awareness did not demonstrate a meaningful influence in this context. Among the variables studied, product quality emerged as the most influential and statistically significant factor, indicating that consumers prioritize product performance when deciding to make a purchase. The model's explanatory power is shown by an R-square value of 0.645, meaning that 64.5% of the variation in purchasing decisions can be explained by the three variables combined. Furthermore, the Q² Predict score of 0.620 indicates that the model is highly predictive and reliable in understanding consumer behavior. Overall, product quality plays a crucial role in shaping consumer choices regarding Wardah lip cream, surpassing the effects of brand familiarity or promotional efforts through influencers

This study aims to determine audience perceptions of the Instagram Reels advertisement content of Wardah Matte Lip Cream "Tasya Farasya Approved" edition. This advertisement is the result of a collaboration between the local cosmetics brand Wardah and the famous beauty influencer Tasya Farasya. This phenomenon is interesting to study considering the trend of influencer-based marketing is increasingly dominant in beauty product promotion strategies, especially in building emotional closeness with consumers and maintaining loyalty to local brands. Consumer perception is an important aspect because it will influence purchasing interest, brand image, and future purchasing decisions. This study uses the perception theory from Jalaludin Rakhmat (2015) which explains that perception is a person's experience of an object or phenomenon obtained through the process of processing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions from the information received. Based on this theory, this study adopted a quantitative descriptive approach. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents who are followers of Wardah's official Instagram account. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling to ensure the relevance of the data to the research focus. Descriptive data analysis was conducted using SPSS software to identify audience perception patterns regarding advertising content elements, such as visual appeal, message relevance, influencer credibility, and the product image's alignment with Wardah's brand image. This analysis is expected to reveal the extent to which brand and beauty influencer collaborations can create positive perceptions in consumers' minds. The research findings are expected to contribute to the development of digital marketing strategies in the cosmetics industry, particularly in utilizing influencer marketing effectively. Furthermore, the findings of this study can serve as a reference for other local brands in designing promotional campaigns that are relevant, engaging, and aligned with the characteristics of their target audience on social media.

This study aims to analyze the influence of halal labels and brand trust on purchasing decisions for Wardah face masks through purchasing interest in Semarang City Students. The research method used is quantitative with data collection techniques through distributing questionnaires to 384 respondents who use Wardah face masks among Semarang City students. Data analysis was carried out using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique with the help of SmartPLS software. The results of this study indicate that halal labels do not have a significant effect on purchasing interest and purchasing decisions, brand trust has a significant effect on purchasing interest and purchasing decisions, in addition, purchasing interest is proven to be significant as an intervening variable for brand trust on purchasing decisions, and purchasing interest does not have a significant effect as an intervening variable for halal labels on purchasing decisions. These findings indicate that trust in a trusted product can increase purchasing interest and ultimately drive purchasing decisions. This study provides implications for companies to build brand trust in order to increase purchasing interest and consumer purchasing decisions, especially among students. In addition, the results of this study are expected to be a reference for further research that discusses consumer behavior in the halal cosmetics industry.

The skincare and cosmetics industry continues to grow as public awareness of self-care and beauty trends increases. However, the widespread use of single-use packaging in cosmetic products raises new issues in the context of environmental sustainability. This issue drives the importance of understanding how consumer perceptions of sustainability and other product attributes influence purchasing decisions. This study aims to analyze the effect of perceptions of packaging sustainability, environmental awareness, product price, and packaging design on purchasing decisions for Wardah cosmetic products. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method of 111 respondents and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that packaging design and perceived packaging sustainability had a significant effect on purchasing decisions, with packaging design as the most dominant factor. In contrast, the variables of environmental concern and product price do not have a statistically significant effect. The model used explains 65.37% of the variation in consumer purchasing decisions. This study indicates that consumer decisions are more influenced by visual aspects and sustainability values that are explicitly communicated through packaging. This study supports the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework and provides a practical contribution for cosmetics manufacturers in designing sustainable packaging strategies.

This study aimed to (1) Describe Brand Awareness, Brand Characteristic and Purchasing Decisions Of Wardah products, (2) Analyze the influence of Brand Awareness on Wardah product purchasing decisions, (3) Analyze the combined influence of Brand Awareness and Brand Characteristic on Wardah product purchasing decisions. The research design used was associative with a quantitative approach. The sample size was determined using Cochran’s formula, totaling 100 respondents, all of whom were female students using Wardah products at the Faculty of Economics and Business. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using inferential statistics, specifically multiple linear regression. Hypotheses were tested using the T-tested and F-test. The results of the study indicated that (1) Brand Awareness (X1) had a significant partial influence on purchasing decisions (Y) with T-value of 2.853 >1.97, (2) Brand Characteristics (X2) had a significant partial influence on purchasing decisions (Y), with a T-value of 3.731 > 1,97, and (3) Simultaneously, Brand Awareness (X1) and Brand Characteristics (X2) significantly influenced purchasing decisions (Y), with an F-value of 62.315 > 3.07.