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Consumerism is an attitude, mindset, and lifestyle that prioritizes superficial desires. It is influenced by the development of globalization, which has had an impact on people’s lives, both in the cultural and technological fields. Currently, consumerism is a trend in society, with people competing to find happiness by purchasing items that suit their desires, and sometimes seeking recognition from others through consumerist behavior. The rapid development of globalization has greatly influenced today’s societal mindset, with people preferring superficial happiness without considering the impact behind it. The birth of consumerism is inseparable from the rapid development of technology, in this case social media. The presence of social media makes it easier for people to access various things, so that consumerism culture thrives because social media has provided various things. This concept is inversely proportional to Boethius’s concept of happiness. Boethius’s concept of happiness is not about superficial or temporary happiness (wealth, pleasure, and recognition from others), but true, eternal happiness. The purpose of this paper is to understand Boethius’s concept of supreme happiness, which will serve as a critique of consumerist culture. This research uses qualitative methods with a literature review approach (research gap), as well as a philosophical analysis of Boethius’s work, specifically regarding supreme happiness. The results indicate that Boethius’s concept of supreme happiness lies not in material wealth, social recognition, or pleasure, but rather in a relationship with the Divine, or transcendence. Therefore, the implication of this research is the need to reorient society’s understanding of true happiness.

This study examines the role of spiritual intelligence in shaping students’ understanding of happiness in the digital era from an Islamic psychology perspective. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research involves university students who actively engage with social media. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal a significant shift in the meaning of happiness, from a substantive and intrinsic concept to a more symbolic and externally driven construct influenced by digital culture and online validation. Nevertheless, spiritual intelligence functions as a reflective and stabilizing mechanism, enabling students to reinterpret happiness as a deeper, more meaningful inner state. From the perspective of Islamic psychology, true happiness (sa’adah) is grounded in closeness to God and the internalization of spiritual values in daily life. This study underscores the importance of spiritual intelligence in addressing psychological challenges in the digital age and fostering a more balanced and authentic sense of well-being among students.

 The phenomenon of identity crisis in the era of social media has become an increasing evident existential problem in contemporary human life. Individuals tend to construct their identities based on external recognition, such as social validation, popularity, and digital representations that are often unstable. This article aims to examine this identity crisis trough a medieval perspective, particularly the thought of Agustine of Hippo. Using a qualitative method, this study explores the concept of inquietum cor (the restless heart) and the idea of human beings as creatures who find their fulfillment only in relation to God. The findings show that the identity crisis in the social media era can be understood as a form of human alienation from the true source of meaning. When identity is built upon temporal and external elements, individuals experience restslessness, dissatisfaction, and a loss of life direction. Agustine’s thought offers a reflective framework in which true identity is transcendent and rooted in a relationship with God as the highest good (summum bonum). Thus, Agustine’s philosophy remains relevant as a critique of the shallow construction of modern identity, as well as a proposed solution for building a more authentic and meaningful identity amid the currents of digitalization.

This study examines the philosophy of Islamic education in the thought of Imam Al-Ghazali, focusing on educational objectives, philosophical foundations, curriculum, educational methods, and their relevance to contemporary education. Al-Ghazali views education as an integral process that is not merely oriented toward intellectual development, but also toward moral formation and the purification of the soul in order to attain true happiness (Sa‘adah) in both worldly life and the hereafter. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through library research by analyzing Al-Ghazali’s major works, such as Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din, Ayyuha al-Walad, and Mizan al-‘Amal, as well as relevant supporting literature. The findings indicate that Al-Ghazali rejects the dichotomy between religious and worldly sciences, as reflected in his concept of fard ‘ain and fard kifayah, which are complementary and interconnected. His educational curriculum is integrative and oriented toward public benefit, while his educational methods emphasize habituation, exemplary conduct of educators, and the process of Tazkiyat Al-Nafs (self-purification). Al-Ghazali’s educational philosophy remains relevant in addressing contemporary moral crises by offering a philosophical foundation for forming the insan kamil a complete human being who is intellectually knowledgeable, morally upright, and spiritually grounded.

The weakness of the scientific tradition among Muslims and the complex problems of Islamic education have left Islamic education consistently lagging behind, theoretically unable to provide answers to the demands of liberalism and humanization. A reconstruction of the epistemological structure appropriate to the current context is necessary. This paper aims to analyze and critique Ibn Rushd's epistemology. The article is a study of the figure to look specifically at his epistemology with critical reasoning to produce findings on the research questions. The results of the study show that Ibn Rushd's epistemology is a critical synthesis of Greek philosophy and Islamic religion, which places reason and revelation as complementary paths to true knowledge and happiness in the afterlife. He critiques the thought that separates the two, especially by emphasizing the importance of scientific methods and rational reasoning, and highlights its critical aspects through criticism of Al-Ghazali and the development of the theory of the unity of the intellect which has had a significant impact on philosophical thought and education. Ibn Rushd's thinking sparked the Averroist movement in Europe, which later ushered in the Renaissance. His epistemology had positive implications for the development of Islamic education, encouraging the development of reason-based knowledge and scientific analysis. His concept of the unity of philosophy and religion, along with his emphasis on the scientific method, inspired scientists in the development of general knowledge in the modern era .

Among the afterlife in Islamic belief is the grave, where at the beginning of this period it is believed that the soul will be questioned by the angels Munkar and Nakir about his faith and deeds in the world. The purpose of this writing is focused on elaborating on Islamic eschatology in the story of Umar bin Khattab about post-death procedures. Literature research to find out a more in-depth discussion on the topic of post-death procedures by collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing information from books, journals, articles, and other relevant documents, was analyzed content. Findings: The story of Umar bin Khattab with the Angels Munkar and Nakir shows his concern for the welfare of the people. This reflects responsible leadership and is oriented towards the long-term good for all Muslims. Although this particular narrative is not widely documented in classical Islamic texts, it reflects a broader theme in Islamic teachings about the mercy and compassion of Allah and the angels. This story also highlights the exemplary character of Umar and his concern for the welfare of others, even in the afterlife. Conclusion: This story is about a leader who always thinks about the welfare of the people, including those who will face questions in the grave. Novelty: This finding highlights visionary leadership based on the essence of Islam that fosters true happiness in this world and the hereafter, considering the challenges of modern leadership oriented toward the afterlife.

This study, titled “Happiness According to Hamka and Its Relevance to Efforts to Overcome Mental Distress,” is motivated by the increasing mental strain experienced by modern society, which is reflected in rising levels of stress, anxiety, loss of life meaning, and various forms of depression. These symptoms indicate a deeper spiritual and emotional imbalance that cannot be resolved solely through clinical approaches, but requires insights from philosophical and religious thought. The purpose of this research is to reexamine Hamka’s concept of happiness and identify its relevance in supporting efforts to reduce mental distress in contemporary life. Using a qualitative-descriptive method with a library research approach, this study reviews Hamka’s key writings such as Tasawuf Modern, Falsafah Hidup, and Lembaga Budi alongside literature on psychology and mental health. Through a hermeneutic-philosophical analysis, the study finds that Hamka defines happiness as inner tranquility rooted in faith, sincerity, and spiritual connection with God, rather than material satisfaction or outward pleasures. He emphasizes that true happiness is achieved when intellect, emotion, and faith interact harmoniously, allowing individuals to manage desires, accept destiny, and uphold moral awareness. This perspective is highly relevant for addressing mental distress today, as Hamka highlights the importance of spiritual strengthening and purification of the soul as forms of internal healing capable of fostering resilience and emotional stability.

Happiness is the ultimate goal of every human aspiration. To achieve it to the fullest, humans strive to utilize all their potential. However, in practice, conflicts often arise between personal interests and the interests of others. The desire to realize all dreams becomes problematic when carried out without regard for moral values, especially in a household life built through the sacred bond of marriage. Many married couples fail to create domestic happiness due to uncontrolled ambition. This ambition, when not balanced with ethics and morals, has the potential to cause domestic conflict that results in the neglect of children's education in the family. A current widespread phenomenon shows that married couples spend more time outside the home for work reasons. This opens up opportunities for promiscuity in public spaces and reduces attention to family. If this phenomenon continues, serious problems in the family will become increasingly apparent. The rights and obligations of husband and wife are neglected, affection for children is diminished, and ultimately children feel more comfortable seeking environments outside the home. This condition becomes the entry point for negative speculation from society about married couples who are considered negligent in their household obligations. This research is expected to provide a significant contribution to understanding how families should function optimally. By placing religion as a foundation and making ethics and morals the foundation of social interactions, families can return to their true nature as the birthplace of quality generations with character, ethics, and spiritual values.  

Many individuals, including those who profess faith, often struggle to endure the various forms of suffering encountered in life, primarily because it is difficult for human beings to accept pain and trials as part of their earthly journey. As a result, some fail to attain the promise of eternal happiness at the culmination of their lives. According to the Christian faith, true and lasting happiness is not achieved through worldly comfort but is reserved only for those who consistently read and meditate on the Scriptures, whether privately or in communal settings, who strive to preserve holiness in their daily lives, who remain faithful in following Jesus even until death, and who demonstrate obedience to God’s Word. Such believers will not experience eternal death but are granted the privilege to enter the holy city and participate in the joyous banquet of Christ. The purpose of this research is to explore the pathway toward attaining genuine happiness, both in earthly life and ultimately in the holy city of God, which requires a willingness to endure even physical suffering, potentially unto death. To ensure reliable findings, the study employs a qualitative methodology with a grammatical-textual approach combined with interviews. The findings indicate that believers who comprehend the meaning of the Greek concept “μακάριος” (makarios) as it appears in the Book of Revelation will gain firm confidence to endure suffering, maintaining faith and perseverance, even if that perseverance leads to martyrdom for the sake of Christ Jesus.

Celebration is part of human emotional expression that is often carried out in various forms, ranging from personal celebrations to collective moments such as the success of a sports team or major religious holidays.This article aims to examine the phenomenon of celebration from the perspective of the hadith of Prophet Muhammad SAW, by reviewing several narrations related to expressions of joy, forms of celebrations, and the Shari'ah limits in their implementation.This study uses a qualitative-descriptive method with a thematic approach to relevant hadiths, both from the nine canonical collections and the commentary books.The study results show that Islam does not prohibit forms of celebration as long as they do not contain elements of sin, violate Sharia norms, or imitate traditions that contradict Islamic teachings.Hadiths show that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) himself did not deny expressions of joy as long as they were done within reasonable and meaningful limits.Therefore, celebrations in Islam are considered a means of expressing legitimate gratitude and happiness, as long as they are conducted in accordance with true Islamic values.

Happiness is a word that is the obsession of every living human being, but many people are trapped in false happiness, so a discussion about happiness in this world and the hereafter is needed to be used as a guide. This article aims to explore the key to happiness in this world and the hereafter from the perspective of KH. Husain Ilyas Mojokerto, with a character study setting. The result: that the key to happiness in this world and the hereafter is to have three attitudes and behaviors, namely: As-Shofa, Al-Wafa, and Al-Jafa. As-Shofa means learning to cleanse the heart, learning from others who are more successful. Al-Wafa means keeping promises, not breaking your own words, not being a hypocrite. Al-Jafa means not being affected by praise, not being surprised when being cursed or insulted. These three concepts indicate that the essence of true happiness is not a matter of material things, but how to cultivate attitudes and behaviors that are reflections from the depths of the heart. This finding provides a direction for further research on true happiness that is multifunctional, namely the world and the hereafter. This study is expected to be useful for the direction of future research.

The DPR together with the President still stipulates the revision of the KPK Law, namely Law No. 19 of 2019 concerning the KPK. Apart from that, it also sees that the IPK (Corruption Perception Index) in Indonesia continues to increase every year. Therefore, why is the author here interested in this theme because the KPK itself is being hotly discussed by the public, especially the TWK (National Interview Test) which makes the KPK even more chaotic. In a democratic society, the KPK is very important. However, in reality, the KPK is currently being oppressed, criminalization and other actions that in this case weaken the KPK continue to occur. So, is it true that in the era of President Jokowi like during the New Order or the Soeharto government. What is the strategy to foster an anti-corruption attitude in the younger generation in particular, considering that corruption cases in Indonesia itself are still ingrained. Then how is the case that occurred at the KPK if analyzed in the context of legal philosophy studies. The results of the study show that first, the criminalization of the KPK is seen in the utilitarianism school where the author uses the opinion of Jeremy Bentham (the founder of the utilitarianism school). Bentham stated that good law is a law that can fulfill the principle of maximizing happiness and minimizing pain in society. Second, regarding the revision of the KPK Law seen in the context of the legal realism school, which the author quotes from the opinion of Axel Hegerstrom (one of the Scandinavian legal realism figures). That the opinion conveyed by Hagerstrom is that the law must be based on empirical reality that is in accordance with the psychological feelings of each individual.   Keywords: Corruption Eradication Commission; Polemic; KPK Law; Indonesia

Discovering our true identity is a deep journey where we reflect on ourselves, understand the essence of existence, and explore our inner potential. The aim of this research was to explore the process towards deeper self-understanding and how this influences the level of happiness and calm in a person's life. Through a qualitative approach with a focus on literature reviews and in-depth interviews, this research shows that understanding true identity involves awareness of personal values, interpretation of life experiences, and the ability to accept one's own shortcomings and strengths. Research shows that people who succeed in finding their identity usually experience a more meaningful life, are able to face challenges calmly, and experience true happiness. In general, finding one's identity is not only important for understanding one's essence, but is also an important step in achieving a better quality of life. This study suggests doing regular introspection, meditation, and spiritual exploration as a way to better understand yourself. An important focus in life is to explore one's identity and the depths of the soul to reach one's true nature, which ultimately brings happiness and tranquility in life.

The short story Laki Sejati by Putu Wijaya is one of the works of Indonesian literature that depicts the dynamics of human life and internal conflicts. This research aims to analyze the intrinsic elements in the short story, including themes, characters and characterization, plot, setting, point of view, and mandate. Through this analysis, it is revealed how these intrinsic elements are used by the author to build a story that is evocative and full of meaning. The results of the analysis show that the main theme of this short story is the search for identity and the true meaning of "masculinity". The main character, who has an inner struggle in understanding the values of masculinity, is shown with a deep complexity of character. The progressive storyline with intense conflict takes the reader on the emotional journey of the main character, while the physical and social setting reinforces the realism of the story. A limited third-person perspective is used to explore the main character's perspective, revealing the inner dynamics that are the main focus of the story. The mandate contained in this short story invites readers to reflect on the true meaning of identity, courage, and happiness in life. This study concludes that the intrinsic elements in the short story Hukum Hukum are  used very effectively to describe the struggle of human beings in understanding their identity. This short story is not only a literary work, but also a philosophical reflection on life and the meaning of masculinity.

This study examines the impact of the use of gadgets and the internet in modern society and how the Catholic Church can provide guidance to its members in addressing the challenges of the digital world. The three research questions addressed are: (1) the impact of gadgets and the internet on behavior and the search for true happiness, (2) the Catholic faith's perspective on the deviant behavior of technology users, and (3) the Church's role in assisting its members in navigating digital challenges. The findings indicate that while the use of gadgets and the internet facilitates communication and entertainment, it can also lead to social disconnection and an unfulfilled search for happiness. The Church, through Catholic teaching, provides moral guidance to mitigate these negative impacts by emphasizing the importance of harmonizing technological advancements with fundamental human values. In the digital realm, the Church plays a strategic role in fostering solidarity and offering a space for authentic spiritual experiences, particularly for the younger generation that is highly dependent on technology, which can be referred to as the "New Emmaus." This study concludes that the Church can reach more believers by creatively utilizing digital platforms and guiding them toward a deeper search for faith amidst the challenges of the digital culture.

This article discusses the role of reason, spirit and passion in human life according to Islamic teachings, and how these three elements interact with each other to achieve a balanced life. The purpose of this research is to understand how Islam teaches the management of reason, spirit and passion as fundamental elements in human life, so that true happiness in this world and the hereafter can be achieved. The method used in this research is literature review and text analysis of the main sources of Islam, such as the Qur'an and Hadith, as well as the opinions of relevant scholars and experts. The results of this study show that Islam emphasizes the importance of maintaining harmony between reason, spirit, and lust through worship, introspection, and self-control. The intellect functions as a tool for wise thinking and decision-making, helping humans understand religious teachings and controlling passions. The spirit as the spiritual essence connects humans with God, providing the impetus to do good and achieve spiritual happiness. Meanwhile, lust, which includes worldly urges, must be controlled so as not to lead humans to pleasures that violate sharia. The study concludes that the balance between these three elements leads to a meaningful life that is in line with the purpose of creation as servants of Allah.

Human being having a conscience and freedom to determine what is good and performing actions according to God's will. In today's era, phenomena show that human being sometimes ignores the Divine law and do not listen to their conscience. These acts of infidelity  drive a human being to fall into sin and live contradict according to God's will. However, God through the Holy Church always gives the human being the opportunity to revert to God. The Church provides the special opportunity to repent, explicitly through the Sacrament of Reconciliation . It was emphasized by St. John XXIII in the Encyclical Paenitentiam Agere. The method used is a literature study, especially studying the Encyclical Paenitentiam Agere. The results of the study show that the spirit of repentance as proclaimed in the Encyclical Paenitentiam Agere says that only through repentance the Christians will nurture in the perfection of life. The repentance according to St. John XXIII is a repentance of the body and soul. The conclusion of this study confirms that inner repentance is a repentance carried out by Christians through a good confession of sins and taking part in the Eucharistic sacrifice and receiving holy communion. Inner repentance is realized in everyday life through daily actions called external repentance. By doing external and internal repentance, the Christians will obtain true happiness and salvation from God.

In the history of life, humans are creatures who always want to achieve something they want and when humans have it they feel it is happiness. Happiness is the main focus point of God creating humans but true happiness is focused on God's Love. God created humans to enjoy the love of God, that is true happiness, but as time goes by, after humans fall into sin, humans begin to drift away from true happiness and even live their lives in a hedonistic way. In this research the author used a descriptive research method of literature study by taking data from books and journals related to the discussion. So the author concludes that human happiness can only be received from God because it is eternal happiness.  

Counseling with media can arouse and bring pregnant women into an atmosphere of joy and happiness, where there is emotional and mental involvement. The effectiveness of using counseling media is largely determined by the number of senses involved. The more senses used, the easier it is to understand the counseling message. This study aims to analyze the effect of counseling using audiovisual media on compliance with iron tablet consumption behavior in pregnant women in Bangun Rejo Village, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province in 2024. This type of research is an intervention study using a true experimental research design. The design of this study is a pre-test and post-test with control group design. A pre-test was carried out, then an intervention was carried out on the experimental group and the control group, then a post-test was carried out on the experimental group and the control group with a time gap of two weeks. With a sample size of 32 pregnant women in the third trimester using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed an increase in compliance in the counseling group using audiovisual media was greater, namely 43.73 compared to the counseling group that did not use audiovisual media, namely 31.60. The data were then analyzed using an independent t-test with computer software and produced a p-value of 0.000 <0.05. Conclusion: Counseling using audiovisual media can increase compliance in consuming iron tablets compared to counseling alone without using media.

One of the literary works "Dodolitdodolitdodolitbret" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma is a story about spirituality, which is told in an ironic way and balances the real and the sign. As a spiritual story experienced by a character named Guru Kiplik. He was very sure that "right prayer is the secret of happiness" But everything changed when he met the nine sons of the island-children. Teacher Kiplik always doesn't accept that their morals are not right, but they can walk on water. The background of this research is the depth of analysis of the intrinsic elements of short stories. Part of the background to the research provided is based on the need for in-depth analysis of the intrinsic elements in the short story so that researchers understand the moral message and social criticism conveyed by the author. The problem in this research is how the intrinsic elements, namely theme, character, plot, setting, point of view, language style and message, work together to produce the meaning of the story. This research uses a structural approach with qualitative descriptive methods. The data used is secondary data obtained through reading and note-taking techniques, then analyzed using the relevant theories. The research results show that this short story has a main theme regarding true belief and opposing principles in carrying out prayer. Kiplik's teaching figures as well as the island's inhabitants reflect the difference between formality and spiritual sincerity. The forward plot, reflective setting, omniscient point of view, and symbolic language style support the delivery of the moral message that sincerity is more important than technical mores. This research recommends further exploration of Seno Gumira Ajidarma's works in the context of social criticism and spirituality, and the use of these short stories as teaching material for understanding humanist values ​​in literature.