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This study aims to analyze the internal and external conditions of Karel Workshop in Wairhubing, Sikka Regency, using a SWOT approach (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) as a basis for formulating business development strategies. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with data collected through in-depth interviews with the owner, employees, and customers, as well as secondary data from documents and official statistics. The findings indicate that Karel Workshop possesses several strengths, including meticulous service quality, strong interpersonal relationships with customers, and mechanic skills acquired through self-learning. However, the workshop also faces weaknesses such as limited equipment, the absence of a structured management system, and a lack of digital promotion. Opportunities that can be utilized include high public interest in motorcycle modification, potential motorcycle painting services, a strategic location, and possible partnerships with spare-part suppliers. Meanwhile, the main threats include rising spare-part prices, competition among workshops, and occupational safety risks. Overall, the study recommends strengthening digital promotion, improving business management, enhancing workshop facilities, and implementing safety standards to support the sustainable development of Karel Workshop. 

Food tourism is increasingly recognized as a strategic component in enhancing the competitiveness of tourism destinations, particularly thru the development of local cuisine based on local wisdom. However, most research still views digital platforms as partial promotional tools and has not yet studied how to use them systematically to build a sustainable culinary tourism ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to examine how digital platforms contribute to the development of local cuisine and how they contribute to the strengthening of sustainable culinary tourism. This is the culinary tourism destination that is the subject of this study, which was conducted using the case study method. Data was collected thru in-depth interviews with culinary MSME producers, destination managers, and tourists, as well as online observations via social media, travel review platforms, and culinary markets. The research results show that the value of tourism experiences can be enhanced, destination identity strengthened, and active participation of local SMEs increased thru the integration of digital platforms that connect visual promotion, tourist interaction, and digital culinary stories. The latest finding in this research is the development of a multi-platform digital integration model that serves not only as a marketing tool but also as a collaborative ecosystem that helps local economic growth, preserves culinary cultural heritage, and enhances the competitiveness of tourist destinations. The results of this research contribute conceptually and practically to building sustainable digital-based culinary tourism strategies.

This study aims to describe the application of deep learning based tolerance values with a pedagogical approach in supporting classroom management in grade VI of SDN Beji 01 East Ungaran. The deep learning approach is understood as a pedagogical strategy that emphasizes the cognitive, affective, and social engagement of students through meaningful learning experiences. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of semi-structured interviews, observations, and documentation. The research subjects include grade VI teachers, principals, and students with diverse social and cultural backgrounds. The results of the study show that the application of tolerance values through deep learning strategies is able to create an inclusive, safe, and conducive classroom climate. The implementation is reflected through the practice of random seating arrangements, a culture of sharing learning media, deliberation in conflict resolution, fair study timing, and strengthening mutual respect between students. These findings confirm that the integration of deep learning-based tolerance values contributes significantly to the effectiveness of classroom management and the strengthening of the social character of elementary school students.

This study aims to examine the effect of green innovation on company value, with financial performance as a mediating variable, in the mining industry. This study uses a systematic literature review approach by examining various relevant previous studies. The results of the study indicate that green innovation plays a significant role in improving environmental performance and operational efficiency of companies, which in turn positively impacts financial performance. Good financial performance is a key factor in strengthening company value and stakeholder trust. These findings confirm that the implementation of green innovation not only supports environmental sustainability but also provides long-term economic benefits for mining companies. This study also found that companies that successfully implement green innovation tend to have a better image in the eyes of investors and the public, which contributes to increasing the company's market value. These findings confirm that the implementation of green innovation not only supports environmental sustainability but also provides long-term economic benefits for mining companies, strengthening their position in an industry that increasingly prioritizes sustainability and social responsibility.

This study examines the role of digital church music as a medium for evangelism and discipleship within the digital ecosystem. It employs a mixed methods approach using a sequential explanatory design, in which quantitative data collection is followed by qualitative exploration. Quantitative data were gathered through an online survey of at least 200 respondents to measure the intensity of digital worship music consumption, perceived gospel understanding, faith reflection, and spiritual engagement. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 15–20 key informants and digital content analysis of worship songs, service videos, and social media interactions. The findings indicate that digital church music contributes to strengthening gospel understanding, encouraging faith reflection, and expanding discipleship practices through online spaces. A moderate positive correlation between music consumption intensity and spiritual engagement suggests that music functions as a contextual medium for faith formation. This study highlights the importance of adaptive theological and pastoral strategies for church music ministry in the digital era.

This article aims to provide a comprehensive literature review on how professional ethics can serve as an effective strategy to prevent fund misuse within organizational financial management. Professional ethics is viewed as a set of moral values, behavioral norms, and professional standards that guide financial managers to perform their duties with honesty, responsibility, and without conflicts of interest. In the context of financial management, these duties include recording, budgeting, monitoring, and reporting financial activities, all of which require accuracy and transparency. The study highlights five main principles of professional ethics: integrity, objectivity, professional competence, confidentiality, and professional behavior. These principles clarify rules, strengthen accountability, and ensure that financial processes comply with established standards. The literature review shows that applying professional ethics not only encourages individuals to act correctly but also enhances responsibility, improves performance, and strengthens financial oversight. Integrity and objectivity play a crucial role in preventing report manipulation, budget inflation, and fund misuse, as these principles demand moral courage and fair decision-making. Professional competence ensures that every financial process is carried out accurately and in accordance with regulations, while confidentiality protects sensitive information from misuse. Professional behavior emphasizes adherence to laws, organizational policies, and professional standards. The article also identifies several supporting factors that enable the effective implementation of professional ethics, such as strong internal policies, leadership commitment to integrity, an ethical workplace culture, layered supervision systems, and continuous ethics training. Conversely, common challenges include weak internal controls, limited understanding of ethics, organizational pressure, conflicts of interest, and inconsistent application of ethical standards. Therefore, this article underscores that integrating professional ethics into organizational financial policies, procedures, and management systems is a key step in preventing fund misuse and strengthening stakeholder trust in the organization’s transparency and accountability.

This study investigates Indonesia’s long-term economic transformation across four pivotal eras: the colonial period, the Old Order, the New Order, and the Reformasi era. Employing a descriptive qualitative design with historical analysis, the research elucidates how political transitions, institutional reforms, and global dynamics have interacted to shape the nation's economic architecture. Results indicate that colonial legacies entrenched deep structural inequalities and a dualistic economy, creating a path dependency that continued to influence policy direction after independence. During the Old Order, efforts to assert economic sovereignty were constrained by macroeconomic instability, limited state capacity, and shifting political coalitions. The New Order marked a turning point toward industrialization, macroeconomic stabilization, and openness to foreign investment, generating high growth but also deepening inequality and dependence on external capital. Entering the Reformasi era, decentralization, democratization of governance, and fiscal transparency reshaped institutional frameworks; however, persistent challenges such as regional disparities, productivity gaps, and vulnerability to global shocks remain evident. The study concludes that Indonesia’s economic evolution is non-linear, shaped by historical constraints and gradual institutional adaptation rather than abrupt shifts. Strengthening governance, enhancing domestic industrial competitiveness, and expanding inclusive development policies are essential strategies for supporting long-term resilience. These findings highlight the importance of continuity in policy reform to achieve sustainable growth and to realize the national vision of Indonesia Emas 2045.

This article examines the effectiveness of fermented kombucha drinks in enhancing the immunity of menopausal women through an evidence-based nutrition approach. Additionally, the study highlights how community-based kombucha production and consumption programs can be part of non-military health diplomacy, supporting community resilience, especially for vulnerable groups like menopausal women who experience immune function decline due to hormonal changes. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, the study analyzes 30 relevant articles published between 2018–2025 from reputable sources such as Scopus, PubMed, and others. The findings show that (1) kombucha improves immunity through cytokine modulation and increased antioxidant activity, (2) kombucha normalizes gut microbiota, contributing to the immune health of menopausal women, (3) fermentation variations and microbial composition affect kombucha's effectiveness, and (4) community-based kombucha production programs have potential in enhancing health literacy and local economic empowerment. This study provides a basis for local governments, health centers, and communities to integrate kombucha as a preventive health intervention, while also strengthening community resilience through nutrition education and functional food entrepreneurship. The article also offers a new conceptual model, “Kombucha Intervention – Immunity – Health Diplomacy,” that connects biological evidence, community health, and non-military resilience integratively.

This study examines the implementation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Number 7 of 2024 concerning the Management of Lobster, Crab, and Blue Swimming Crab in East Kalimantan. As a strategic policy, the regulation aims to ensure sustainable fisheries management through provisions on minimum catch sizes, restocking mechanisms, traceability systems, and law enforcement against illegal fishing and trade. Using an empirical juridical approach, this research collected primary data through questionnaires distributed to fisheries officers, coastal communities, fishers, and aquaculture business actors in East Kalimantan. The results show that the implementation of Regulation No. 7/2024 is generally categorized as moderately effective, with an average Likert score indicating limited but positive compliance. Respondents acknowledged the importance of sustainability principles embedded in the regulation; however, significant challenges persist, including insufficient formal socialization, weak field monitoring, lack of supporting facilities, and inconsistent coordination among implementing agencies (BARANTIN, PSDKP, and local fisheries officers). Qualitative responses highlight that many stakeholders still lack understanding of technical provisions such as minimum size requirements and restocking obligations. The study concludes that while the regulatory framework is normatively comprehensive and aligned with sustainable fisheries principles, its practical effectiveness remains constrained by institutional and socio-cultural factors. Strengthening community engagement, increasing inter-agency coordination, and enhancing enforcement capacity are crucial to optimizing the policy’s impact on the sustainable management of lobster, crab, and blue swimming crab resources in East Kalimantan.

The determination of the beginning of the lunar month is an important issue in religious practice and the establishment of the Hijri calendar in Indonesia. The diversity of imkan rukyat criteria used across countries necessitates an evaluation of international standards, including the 2016 Turkish Criteria, which are considered more progressive with parameters of a minimum crescent altitude of 5° and an elongation of 8°. This article examines the relevance of the 2016 Turkish Criteria within the astronomical and jurisprudential context of Indonesia, as well as its implications for the process of determining the beginning of the lunar month by the government and Islamic organizations. Through literature review, comparative astronomical analysis, and examination of hisab–rukyat practices in recent years, this study finds that the 2016 Turkish Criteria exhibit strong astronomical consistency and can enhance calendar predictability. However, its application in Indonesia may lead to discrepancies with the government’s criteria, which currently require a crescent altitude of 3° and an elongation of 6.4°. These implications include potential differences in month beginnings, the need for harmonizing criteria, and the importance of dialogue between national and international astronomical authorities. This study recommends strengthening astronomical and jurisprudential assessments prior to adopting new criteria and encourages the integration of global data to improve the accuracy of the Hijri calendar in Indonesia.

Employment agreements are essential legal instruments that regulate the rights and obligations of workers and employers in industrial relations, aiming to ensure legal certainty and balance. In practice, however, the implementation of employment contracts often faces challenges such as differing interpretations, unequal bargaining positions, and inconsistent application of labor regulations. These issues require an effective and constructive dispute resolution mechanism that can address contractual problems while preserving employment relationships. In the Indonesian labor law system, mediation is recognized as a key non-litigation mechanism facilitated by government-appointed mediators to help parties reach mutually acceptable solutions. This study examines the mediation mechanism for resolving employment agreement disputes in Indonesia and analyzes its role as an alternative to court proceedings that emphasizes deliberation, efficiency, and cooperation. Using a normative legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, the study analyzes relevant labor laws, mediation regulations, and legal doctrines through a comprehensive literature review. The findings show that mediation is conducted through structured stages, including dispute registration with labor authorities, mediator appointment, facilitated negotiations, and the formulation of agreements or written recommendations. Mediation effectively promotes consensual solutions, reduces procedural complexity, and encourages cooperative communication. It also supports the preservation of harmonious and sustainable employment relationships by prioritizing consensus over adversarial processes. Strengthening mediator competence and improving legal awareness among workers and employers are therefore crucial to optimizing the effectiveness of mediation in resolving employment agreement disputes in Indonesia.

Contemporary church ministry is often trapped in a seasonal pattern, with increased activity only during major events like Christmas and Easter, while stagnating at other times. This phenomenon indicates a fundamental problem in leadership patterns that are not poverty-oriented. This article analyzes the roots of seasonal church ministry through a qualitative-descriptive approach and theological reflection based on Osmer's framework. Literature reviews by Barna, Maxwell, Banks & Ledbetter, as well as the leadership principles of Jesus Christ, show that seasonality is eliminated by reactive leadership that lacks a long-term vision, minimal spiritual training, and a weak ministerial cadre system. As a solution, this article offers a sustainable leadership model that emphasizes a year-round discipleship vision, ministerial training and regeneration, systematic ministry evaluation, and the spiritual example of leaders. This model is believed to help churches experience stable growth, establish a consistent ministry rhythm, and present relevant evidence to the world. Thus, sustainable leadership is a strategic and theological approach to addressing seasonal ministry and strengthening the mission of the church today.

The rapid advancement of digital technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has fundamentally reshaped the management and development of the tourism industry. Digital transformation strategies offer substantial opportunities to enhance destination competitiveness while simultaneously supporting economic, social, and environmental sustainability. This study aims to systematically examine the role of digital transformation and AI in strengthening sustainable tourism competitiveness through a literature review approach. A total of 42 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2019 and 2025 were analyzed, drawing from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The analysis employed thematic synthesis to identify dominant patterns, conceptual relationships, and emerging themes across the literature. The findings indicate that AI-driven digital transformation enhances operational efficiency, enables personalized tourist experiences, supports data-informed resource management, and facilitates the development of smart tourism destinations. Nevertheless, persistent challenges related to human resource readiness, digital inequality, data governance, and ethical considerations remain evident. This review provides an integrated conceptual perspective on digital transformation and AI in sustainable tourism competitiveness and offers insights for policymakers, practitioners, and future research.

This study examines the effectiveness of national legislative strategies in promoting corporate accountability for industrial pollution and social justice violations. It analyzes a comparative legal framework, focusing on laws, enforcement mechanisms, and corporate liability regimes in countries such as France, Germany, Norway, China, and Australia. The research evaluates how mandatory due diligence laws, judicial measures, and transparency mechanisms help hold corporations accountable for environmental impacts. It compares voluntary compliance models with mandatory legal frameworks, noting the limitations of voluntary agreements in driving substantial environmental changes. Findings show that countries with strong legal frameworks, like the EU and Australia, achieve higher corporate compliance and environmental performance, while voluntary measures struggle to produce meaningful results. The study emphasizes the need for stronger enforcement, higher penalties for violations, and enhanced public transparency. Additionally, it explores integrating environmental justice considerations, such as community participation and fair compensation, into national strategies. The study offers policy recommendations for improving corporate responsibility through better legislation, harmonizing laws across jurisdictions, and fostering collaboration among governments, corporations, and civil society. It also suggests future research directions, including examining the long-term impacts of environmental justice policies in different global contexts.

This study aims to analyze the organizational structure, main tasks and functions, and challenges faced by the Legal Section in carrying out its role as a center for local government legal services. The research method used a qualitative approach through interviews with the Head of the Legal Section, direct observation in the work environment, and literature studies of various related documents and regulations. The results of the study indicate that the organizational structure of the Legal Section consists of functional positions, implementing officers, and temporary employees, each of which has a crucial role in supporting the legal product drafting process. However, the effectiveness of organizational performance still faces obstacles, particularly related to employee discipline, work ethic, and efforts to build a culture of bureaucratic integrity. The Head of the Legal Section emphasized that the quality of human resources is a key factor in determining the success of the process of harmonization of regulations and legal services. Thus, a sustainable apparatus development strategy and strengthening of the work system are needed so that the Legal Section can carry out its functions optimally in supporting the implementation of the Palangka Raya City government.

Pancasila is a guideline in life that guides the formation of character to become better and considers the norms and values contained within an individual. This study aims to analyze how the implementation of Pancasila values can be realized in the digital era. The method used is a literature study (library research) by reviewing various journals, books, and scientific sources related to the relevance and challenges of Pancasila in the digital era. The results of the study show that most people have implemented Pancasila values through attitudes of mutual respect, mutual care, upholding tolerance, being responsible in all actions, and actively participating in creating a safe and harmonious social media environment in the digital era. This study concludes that strengthening the implementation of Pancasila in the digital era can contribute to the development of ethical, integrity-driven, and nationally aware character. nationality. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts for self-awareness to continue upholding the values of Pancasila by shaping oneself according to the principles contained in Pancasila.  

This community service program aimed to improve students’ understanding and awareness of digital media ethics, particularly language politeness in social media communication. The activity was conducted at a junior high school in Islamic Boarding School Al Falah. The program was designed using participatory and interactive approaches, including lectures, group discussions, role-play simulations, and pre-test and post-test evaluations. The initial findings from the pre-test indicated that most students lacked adequate understanding of ethical digital communication and tended to perceive social media as a free space without rules. After the training, the post-test results showed a significant improvement in students’ comprehension of responsible and polite communication practices in digital environments. Students demonstrated better awareness of the impacts of hate speech, cyberbullying, and misinformation. They were also able to propose constructive and ethical responses to various social media scenarios. The activity resulted in increased digital awareness, positive behavioral changes, and personal commitments from students to promote respectful communication online. This program contributes to strengthening digital literacy and character education among adolescents in rural areas.

Regional development faces dynamic challenges amid rapid economic growth driven by natural resource extraction. This study aims to identify leading economic sectors, analyze structural economic transformation, and evaluate the role of these sectors in regional development. The research employs a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. Secondary data consist of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) at constant prices over the past five years. The analytical techniques applied include Location Quotient analysis to identify base sectors, Shift-Share analysis to assess structural changes as well as comparative and competitive advantages, and Klassen Typology to classify sectoral growth patterns. The results reveal a structural shift from primary sectors, such as agriculture and fisheries, toward secondary sectors, including mining and manufacturing. Despite challenges related to development equity, these leading sectors serve as key drivers of regional economic growth. To maximize the contribution of leading sectors to broader regional development, this study recommends that government policies prioritize the strengthening of intersectoral linkages.

This study analyzes the forms of risk and risk management strategies in melon farming in Brebes as an impact of climate change. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied using a case study through in-depth interviews with a farmer who has more than ten years of experience, supported by secondary data from BPS, BAPPENAS, and related literature. The findings reveal four categories of major risks: market, financial, operational, and socio-environmental. High-level risks include climate variability, yield decline, and pest attacks. Medium-level risks involve production costs, water management, and price fluctuations, while low-level risks consist of limited weather information and agricultural extension services. Current strategies are still basic, including fertilization, pesticide application, and water channel arrangement. Strengthening adaptation is needed through irrigation technology, climate-resilient varieties, marketing diversification, and improved access to information and institutional support.

Financial management, both in public and private organizations, is highly vulnerable to fraud and misappropriation of funds. The risk of fraud in financial reporting not only jeopardizes an organization's long-term financial health but also damages the reputation and trust of stakeholders. Professional ethics and integrity are key factors in ensuring good, efficient, and effective financial governance. Weak internalization of professional ethical values ​​among financial practitioners, such as manipulation of financial reports and unauthorized use of official funds, is often a major cause of misappropriation of funds. These cases can significantly harm an organization, as seen in violations of codes of ethics in various large companies. Therefore, strengthening professional ethics in financial management practices is crucial to prevent misappropriation of funds, fraud, or financial manipulation. A strong internal control system, coupled with a good ethical culture, can play a significant role in preventing and detecting these conditions. This study aims to identify factors that support and hinder the implementation of professional ethics in financial management and provide recommendations for improving integrity and accountability in fund management. It is hoped that the results of this study will help organizations strengthen governance, increase transparency, and reduce the risk of fraud through better implementation of professional ethics.