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This study aims to examine the role of leaders in group counseling dynamics through a literature review approach. In group guidance practices, leaders serve not only as technical facilitators but also as catalysts who shape healthy and productive interaction structures. The literature review reveals that leadership effectiveness is strongly influenced by interpersonal competence, the guidance strategies employed, and sensitivity to the diverse backgrounds of group members. Techniques such as sociodrama and reflection, along with approaches like Gestalt, Transactional Analysis, and Solution-Focused Brief Counseling (SFBC), have been proven to significantly enhance group dynamics. Additionally, ongoing training is a strategic measure to strengthen leaders’ capacity in managing groups effectively. Therefore, adaptive, empathetic, and reflective leaders play a crucial role in fostering a supportive and transformative group climate.

 This research aims to find out the planning stage of using the sociodrama method in social studies subjects in class VIII at MTs Aswaja Tunggangri. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The data obtained is through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques with steps including data condensation, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show that before the learning process is carried out, it is necessary to prepare a learning plan including preparing lesson plans in accordance with the syllabus, determining learning objectives, determining teaching materials and learning resources, adjusting learning methods, and preparing assessments, the implementation stage is providing stimulus to students, identifying problems, collecting data, processing data, proving, drawing conclusions, evaluating the sociodrama method, namely attitude evaluation, knowledge evaluation, and skill evaluation. This finding indicates that the design before conducting learning is very influential on the achievement of learning objectives.

The background to this research is that the speaking skills of grade 4 students are still lacking because many students are still embarrassed to answer questions given by the teacher and are also lazy to express opinions during lesson discussions and when called to come forward, they are asked questions and do not want to answer. Apart from that, speaking fluency, accuracy of word choice, sentence structure, logic or reasoning and communicativeness or eye contact are still relatively low. The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of speaking skills using the sociodrama method and to determine the factors inhibiting the use of the implementation of speaking skills using the sociodrama method in PAI subjects at SD N 09 Paninggahan. This research uses a qualitative approach. With data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The key informants are class IV students and the supporting informants are PAI teachers and class teachers. Data analysis in this research involves data reduction, data display, and then conclusions. Based on the research results, it was found: (1) The implementation of students' speaking skills using the sociodrama method in PAI subjects at SDN 09 Paninggahan, Solok Regency has been implemented well. This shows that in sociodrama students are fluent in speaking, students are precise in choosing words, students are in sentence structure. sociodrama is categorized as very good, students' logic and reasoning are also very good, and students' communicativeness and eye contact. (2) Factors Inhibiting Students' Speaking Skills Using the Sociodrama Method in PAI Subjects at SD N 09 Paninggahan, Solok Regency include students experiencing concentration problems, fear of making mistakes, shame and lack of self-motivation, but the most dominant is that students feel afraid of doing mistakes due to nervousness.

Phubbing behavior, which is the tendency to ignore those around us in favor of attention on social media, has become an increasing concern in the context of social interactions, especially among teenagers. This study aims to explore the impact of phubbing behavior on interpersonal communication among vocational school students. The research method used in this research is pre-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest research design. The population of this research is SMK in Rembang. The sample taken was 10 students using simple random sampling technique. To overcome this problem, this research proposes the application of group guidance using sociodrama techniques as an alternative intervention. The results of the analysis show that group guidance using sociodrama techniques has a positive influence in improving interpersonal communication between students. The implication of this research is the importance of appropriate interventions in dealing with phubbing behavior among adolescents to improve the quality of interpersonal relationships and their psychological well-being.    

In the Industrial Revolution 4.0, Indonesian people are faced with technological sophistication that makes them able to do anything and communicate without meeting. However, unlimited convenience has a negative impact on the social society of Indonesia based on diversity. The space for communication is increasingly limited because we rarely see others, and everyone becomes individualist and less sensitive. It is necessary to strengthen through sociodrama-based PPKn learning on diversity material to strengthen a sense of unity and unity. The purpose of this Classroom Action Research (PTK) is to improve learning outcomes on Indonesian diversity material with the sociodrama method of grade VII-E students in the even semester of the 2022/2023 academic year at SMP Negeri 40 Surabaya. The subject of research is students. The data collection uses tests and non-tests. Analytical techniques use qualitative and quantitative. The results showed an increase in learning outcomes on average 59.5 in the first cycle to 77.3 in the second cycle. For the highest value of 79 in the first cycle to 90 in the second cycle. As well as the value in the first cycle 30 in the first cycle to 62 in the second cycle. Sociodrama improves PPKn learning outcomes in Indonesian diversity material for grade VII-E students in the even semester of the 2022/2023 academic year at SMP Negeri 40 Surabaya.

Communication space in social life is increasingly limited because we rarely see other people, and everyone will become individualist and less socially sensitive. There needs to be strengthening through sociodrama-based PPKn learning on diversity material to strengthen the sense of unity and unity between.. The purpose of this Classroom Action Research (PTK) is to improve learning outcomes on Indonesian diversity material with the sociodrama method of grade VII-E students in the even semester of the 2022/2023 academic year at SMP Negeri 40 Surabaya. The subject of research is students. Data collection using test and non-test techniques. The data analysis technique uses qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis. The results showed that there was an increase in learning outcomes on average 59.5 in the first cycle to 77.3 in the second cycle. For the highest value of 79 in the first cycle to 90 in the second cycle. As well as the value in the first cycle 30 in the first cycle to 62 in the second cycle. The sociodrama method can improve PPKn learning outcomes in Indonesian diversity material for grade VII-E students in the 2022/2023 academic year at SMP Negeri 40 Surabaya.

This research departs from the phenomenon of interpersonal relationships that are owned by the children of the Al-Ghasyiyah Orphanage which are still low and medium, this is marked by the orphans who do not know each other closely, do not understand each other's personal characteristics, are not familiar, lack of cooperation, orphans they still lack the courage to express their ideas or opinions, there are still social conflicts between them, they close themselves off because they lack confidence in getting along with other orphans, they lack a sense of initiative in making friends and working together. Researchers try to provide group guidance services with sociodrama techniques to orphanages to improve interpersonal relationships, the goal to be achieved in this study is to find out whether or not there are significant differences in the interpersonal relationships of orphanage children before and after being given sociodrama technique group guidance services, as well as effective whether or not the sociodrama technique group guidance services to improve the interpersonal relations skills of orphans at the Al-Ghasyiyah Bathin Solapan Duri Orphanage, Riau. This research is classified as a pre-experimental study using a one group pretest posttest design. The population in this study was the adolescent children of the Al-Ghasyiyah Bathin Solapan Duri Orphanage, Riau. The population is young women at the Al-Ghasyiyah Bathin Solapan Duri Riau Orphanage, totaling 20 people. The sample is adolescents who are indicated to have a poor level of interpersonal relations, namely 8 people, sampling based on purposive sampling technique. The instrument used was a Likert scale questionnaire. Data analysis used non-parametric statistical tests using the Wilcoxon signed rank test method with the help of Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 20.00. pretest and posttest. From the results of the Wilcoxon test calculation, a significant p-value of 0.011 < α (α = 0.05) is obtained, which means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. From the results of the calculation of the Wilcoxon test, it can be interpreted that the interpersonal relationship skills of the orphans increased after being given treatment, namely the sociodrama technique Group Guidance Service.