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This literature review analyzes the impact of data privacy issues on consumer usage intention in Indonesian e-commerce platforms. The study aims to map privacy threats and understand the phenomenon of the privacy paradox in the context of digital retail. Using a literature review method, this study synthesized findings from international journals published in the last five years from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The results show that excessive data collection, unauthorized secondary use, and data breaches significantly increase consumer privacy concerns. However, the research also confirms a privacy paradox, where consumers willingly share personal data to gain shopping convenience and promotions. The findings highlight that strong brand trust and a seamless user experience can effectively mitigate these privacy fears. Practically, this study recommends that e-commerce companies implement the Privacy by Design framework, utilize dynamic passwords (OTP), and provide transparent privacy settings as a competitive marketing advantage. Future research should explore specific regional demographics and the direct impact of new technologies like AI chatbots on consumer security perceptions.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the intensity of glossolalia practice and cognitive functioning among theological college students through a qualitative-exploratory approach. Glossolalia, commonly practiced within charismatic Christian traditions, has generally been examined from theological and phenomenological perspectives, whereas its relationship with cognitive aspects remains relatively underexplored. This study employed in-depth interviews and participant observation involving theological college students who actively engage in glossolalia as part of their regular spiritual practice. The findings indicate that a higher intensity of glossolalia practice is associated with increased self-awareness, improved emotional regulation, and heightened internal focus. These experiences indirectly contribute to several cognitive functions, particularly attention, reflective awareness, and metacognitive reflection. The study also shows that students perceive glossolalia not only as a spiritual expression but also as a practice that supports inner concentration and personal reflection. These findings contribute to interdisciplinary discourse between practical theology and cognitive science by offering insights into how spiritual practices may relate to cognitive processes. Furthermore, this study provides a conceptual foundation for further empirical research using broader samples and measurable cognitive indicators in future investigations.  

This study analyzes the integration of aesthetics and ethics in cosmetology education and its implications for strengthening the professionalism of cosmetology teachers. Cosmetology is often viewed as an applied field that primarily produces visual beauty through make-up, skin care, hair care, and cosmetic services. However, professional cosmetology practice also involves moral responsibility because it deals directly with the human body, personal identity, safety, comfort, and client trust. This article uses a normative qualitative method with conceptual and philosophical approaches through library research. The analysis is organized through three dimensions of philosophy of science: ontology, epistemology, and axiology. The findings show that, ontologically, cosmetology studies beauty and the human body not merely as physical objects, but as subjects with value, dignity, and diverse meanings. Epistemologically, cosmetology knowledge is constructed through the integration of scientific theory, practical skills, professional experience, sanitation principles, occupational safety, and service standards. Axiologically, cosmetology contains ethical values that guide beauty practices so that they remain honest, safe, responsible, and respectful of human dignity. The integration of aesthetics and ethics strengthens the role of cosmetology teachers as educators, professional models, and character builders in vocational education. Therefore, cosmetology learning should not only emphasize technical competence and visual results, but also internalize ethical awareness, reflective judgment, and responsibility in every stage of professional practice.

This study aims to examine the role of customer trust as a mediating variable in the relationship between digital marketing strategies and consumer behavior. As digital marketing evolves, companies are required not only to create engaging content but also to build strong trust to influence purchase intention, loyalty, and customer engagement. This research employs a systematic literature review (SLR) following PRISMA guidelines, selecting 52 empirical articles from reputable international databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and ScienceDirect, published between 2015 and 2026. The analysis involved thematic and descriptive synthesis to assess the strength of digital marketing’s impact on customer trust and consumer behavior outcomes. The results indicate that digital marketing has a significant positive effect on customer trust formation (β=0.652; p<0.001). Customer trust functions as a partial mediator that strengthens the impact of digital marketing on purchase intention, loyalty, and engagement. The direct effect of digital marketing on consumer behavior is weaker when trust is not optimally established. These findings emphasize that effective digital marketing strategies must focus on transparency, security, credibility, and personalization to maximize consumer behavior outcomes. Practically, this study provides important implications for companies and digital marketing practitioners, highlighting that successful campaigns rely not only on content and visibility but also on the ability to build customer trust. The study also opens avenues for future research to examine more specific trust dimensions, including platform integrity, information quality, and social proof, within increasingly complex digital marketing contexts.

Natural Sciences or often known as (IPA) is a subject taught in Islamic Elementary Schools. Natural Sciences is the study of humans and the study of problems on how humans themselves develop their lives better. This study aims to determine the achievement of the science learning program of making simple water filters to improve the knowledge of MI students in Tenaru Village, Driyorejo District. This type of research refers to the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method approach. This method is a learning approach to solve problems, meet practical needs in society, produce knowledge, and encourage social change in society. Data analysis techniques in the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method for the science learning program of making simple air filters are carried out comprehensively and participatory. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, conducting direct interviews to measure their level of knowledge, and documentation of practical results. The results of the study indicate that the science learning program of making simple air filters to improve the knowledge of MI students in Tenaru Village, Driyorejo District has proven effective in improving students' understanding of the concept of water filtration and the importance of maintaining water cleanliness. Through hands-on activities, students can observe the filtration process in action, understand the function of each layer of material, and gain a fun and contextual learning experience.

This study aims to revisit the role of permissive parenting in the digital era and to analyze how psychological well-being mediates the relationship between permissive parenting and online gaming addiction among adolescents. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach guided by PRISMA standards. Data were collected from reputable databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, covering publications from the last ten to fifteen years. The findings indicate that permissive parenting tends to increase the risk of online gaming addiction indirectly through the deterioration of adolescents’ psychological well-being. Psychological well-being serves as a significant mediating variable that explains how the lack of parental control and guidance contributes to weaker self-regulation in adolescents’ digital behavior. These results highlight that online gaming addiction is not solely influenced by external factors but is also strongly associated with internal psychological conditions. This study contributes theoretically by integrating parenting style, psychological well-being, and addictive behavior into a comprehensive analytical framework, while also offering practical implications for parents and educators in developing family-based preventive strategies in the digital era.

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has driven numerous innovations in wireless communications that not only demand technical efficiency but also raise philosophical questions about the nature of scientific knowledge. One such innovation is Physical Layer Network Coding (PLNC), a communication technique that utilizes signal interference as a source of information to enhance system performance. This paper examines the philosophical dimensions of science within PLNC, focusing on three fundamental aspects: ontology, epistemology, and axiology. Ontologically, PLNC represents a new paradigm in wireless communication that reinterprets interference not merely as noise but as an opportunity. Epistemologically, knowledge of PLNC is derived through scientific methods such as mathematical modeling, experimentation, and simulation—yielding intersubjective and verifiable truths. Axiologically, PLNC holds practical value in terms of energy efficiency, data reliability, and contributions to the sustainability of IoT ecosystems, while also raising ethical considerations regarding privacy and information security. Thus, this study demonstrates that the development of PLNC cannot be separated from philosophical reflection, emphasizing the profound interconnection between technological advancement, scientific methodology, and human values.

This study aims to develop Smartboard Book teaching materials based on Augmented Reality that are valid, practical, and effective for improving students' learning outcomes in the IPAS (Science) subject for grade IV at SDIT Al-Farabi. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model. The subjects of this study were grade IV students at SDIT Al-Farabi. Data collection techniques were conducted through expert validation questionnaires, response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The results indicate that the Smartboard Book teaching material was declared very valid, with material and test instrument validation percentages of 88% and media validation of 95%. The teaching material was also declared practical based on teacher and student responses. Furthermore, this media proved to be effective in improving students' learning outcomes with an N-gain score of 0.86, which falls into the high category. Based on these findings, it is recommended that teachers utilize Smartboard Book teaching materials based on Augmented Reality as an alternative medium in learning activities to create a more interactive and engaging learning environment.

Learning media is a tool that can be used to help students learn better and more efficiently. The media used in SMP Negeri 23 Pekanbaru is a teacher-centered picture/poster media so that students quickly get bored, and because of the limited media from the school. Most students prefer learning that involves them directly such as the element of games. The learning models used are discovery, PBL, and lecture models, and student learning activities are still lacking or less active in science learning. The purpose of this study is to develop learning media in the form of a cooperative-based snakes and ladders game with the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) type which aims to train student learning activities. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) by implementing the ADDIE model which consists of five stages, namely Analyze, Design, Development, Implement, and Evaluation. Based on the validation results obtained, media experts were 94% with very feasible criteria, material experts were 92% with very feasible criteria, teachers gave a practicality assessment of 95% with very practical criteria, and students' responses were 85% with very interested criteria. This shows that the snakes and ladders media based on Teams Games Tournament (TGT) is very reasonable, very practical to use, and very interesting for students during the learning process. The results of observations on all student learning activities showed that 79% got a good interpretation.

The concept of science according to Ibn Rushd emphasizes the harmony between religion and philosophy, as well as the importance of using rational thinking methods to achieve the truth. He divides human intellectual abilities into three levels, namely rhetoric, dialectical, and demonstrative, and distinguishes science into theoretical and practical sciences. According to Ibn Rushd, knowledge is obtained through cooperation between the senses, imagination, and intellect, so that the human thought process must run systematically and logically. This research uses the library research method to examine the relevance of Ibn Rushd's thought to Islamic boarding school education in the modern era. The results of the study show that Ibn Rushd's ideas can be the basis for integration between religious science and science, encourage the strengthening of students' critical reasoning, and avoid scientific dichotomy. In addition, the application of his thinking has the potential to improve the quality of learning for Islamic boarding schools to be more contextual, inclusive, and adaptive to the development of science and technology. Thus, the concept of Ibn Rushd's knowledge can strengthen the direction of pesantren education towards a holistic and civilization-oriented education system.

The rapid growth of short-form social media platforms has increased the complexity of decision-making during the digital content planning stage. Content creators are required to evaluate the feasibility of content ideas and determine platform suitability prior to production, while most existing tools primarily focus on post-publication analytics. This study aims to design an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled Decision Support System (DSS) to evaluate digital content ideas in the pre-production stage. Adopting a Design Science Research approach, the study develops a conceptual design artifact that integrates intrinsic content idea characteristics with cognitive and affective response modeling grounded in the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) framework, alongside platform affordance mapping. The proposed artifact operationalizes a reflective evaluation mechanism that generates platform recommendation scores and idea enhancement suggestions without claiming deterministic or predictive performance modeling. Evaluation was conducted qualitatively through practitioner assessment to examine perceived usefulness, clarity of recommendations, and decision support contribution. The findings indicate that the developed artifact provides a structured reflective framework for early-stage content evaluation. Theoretically, this study extends the application of the S-O-R framework by operationalizing it as a design logic for a pre-production DSS artifact. Practically, the proposed system has the potential to support more systematic decision-making prior to content production.

The interactive learning video innovation "Human Blood Circulation" through Edpuzzle, with embedded questions, is designed to address the difficulties faced by fifth-grade elementary school students in understanding abstract biological concepts. Science education in elementary schools often encounters challenges in explaining invisible processes, such as the heart's working mechanism and blood circulation, leading students to struggle with comprehension or merely memorize the material. Conventional learning videos tend to make students passive, necessitating media that can transform the learning process into an active one. Edpuzzle, as an educational platform, allows teachers to insert questions at critical points in the video, requiring students to answer before continuing to watch. This innovation aligns with the cognitive development stage of fifth-grade students, who are in the concrete operational stage.The research objectives include product development, validity and feasibility testing, analysis of conceptual understanding improvement, influence on focus and learning independence, and student responses. Media development refers to Mayer's cognitive theory of multimedia and the characteristics of interactive videos according to Heinich et al. Additionally, media development models such as ADDIE and Dick and Carey are discussed. The main benefits of using Edpuzzle include increasing engagement, facilitating real-time formative assessment, and enhancing learning motivation. However, challenges exist such as technology access, teacher readiness, the risk of technology dependency, and long-term evaluation. The practical implications can support digital learning and the transformation of elementary science education.

Leadership training has become a key instrument in public sector reform, driven by expectations that public managers act as strategic leaders to improve organizational performance and public service delivery. However, despite substantial investments, public administration research consistently highlights a gap between leadership training participation and tangible service improvements, particularly in resource-constrained local governments. Existing studies often examine leadership training effectiveness, training transfer, organizational change, and administrative capacity separately, resulting in limited integration across these interconnected processes. This fragmentation restricts understanding of how leadership competencies gained through training are transferred into practice, institutionalized through post-training change initiatives (Aksi Perubahan), and translated into sustainable administrative capacity and service outcomes. To address this gap, this integrative literature review synthesizes and critically analyzes peer-reviewed research on public sector leadership training, focusing on training transfer mechanisms, action-based change initiatives, and administrative capacity development in local governments, using the Tambrauw Regency Government as an illustrative context. The review draws on articles indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar published between 2016 and 2025, selected based on public sector relevance and theoretical rigor. Using thematic synthesis and conceptual mapping, the findings show that leadership training contributes to service improvement only when supported by a conducive transfer climate, strong organizational commitment, and structured change projects. These change initiatives mediate the transformation of individual competencies into organizational routines, while administrative capacity determines the sustainability of outcomes. The study contributes to administrative capacity theory and provides practical insights for designing effective leadership training policies in peripheral local government contexts.

The digital transformation of public service delivery has become a central agenda in contemporary public administration, positioning local governments as critical actors in translating national digital strategies into tangible, citizen-facing outcomes. Despite rapid diffusion of digital platforms and e-government initiatives, substantial variation persists in the performance, inclusiveness, and sustainability of digital public services across local contexts. This variation points to persistent challenges related to administrative capacity constraints within local governments and uneven levels of citizen readiness to access and use digital services. Addressing these challenges, this article presents a comprehensive literature review that aims to (1) map the conceptual evolution of digital public service delivery in local governments, (2) synthesize empirical findings on the roles of administrative capacity and citizen readiness, and (3) identify key theoretical and empirical gaps in the existing scholarship. Methodologically, the study adopts a systematic literature review approach, drawing on peer-reviewed journal articles published in the last five years and indexed in major academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ, and Google Scholar. The selected literature is analyzed using thematic synthesis, guided by an integrated theoretical framework combining Digital Government Theory and Digital Era Governance as overarching transformation lenses, Administrative Capacity and Capacity Building Theory and Competency-Based Human Resource Management to explain organizational and human resource determinants, Digital Divide Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model to capture citizen-side readiness and adoption dynamics, and Policy Implementation Theory to account for institutional and regulatory mediation. The synthesis reveals several dominant patterns: digital service performance is strongly conditioned by leadership, coordination, information capacity, and workforce competencies; citizen uptake is shaped not only by access and skills but also by perceived usefulness, ease of use, and trust; and policy design and implementation processes mediate the interaction between supply-side capacity and demand-side readiness. Importantly, the review shows that these factors are mutually constitutive rather than independent, challenging linear and technology-centric models of digital transformation. The article concludes by advancing an integrative conceptual understanding of local digital public service delivery and by outlining theoretical implications for digital public administration research as well as practical policy recommendations for designing inclusive, capacity-sensitive, and sustainable digital public services at the local level.

The implementation of Electronic-Based Government Systems (Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik/SPBE) represents a strategic instrument of public administration reform aimed at improving service quality, efficiency, and governance through digital transformation. However, empirical evidence across countries indicates that the effectiveness of digital government initiatives is frequently constrained by persistent competency gaps among public sector personnel. This study conducts a thematic literature review to systematically identify, classify, and synthesize scholarly findings on competency gaps affecting SPBE and digital government implementation within the field of public administration. Drawing on peer-reviewed international literature published over the last decade and indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and DOAJ, the review applies a narrative–synthetic approach supported by thematic analysis. The findings reveal four dominant dimensions of competency gaps: technical–digital competencies, managerial and digital leadership competencies, cross-sectoral collaborative competencies, and adaptive learning competencies. These gaps are shaped by interacting individual, organizational, and systemic factors, including misaligned human resource management practices, fragmented bureaucratic structures, and limited capacity-building mechanisms. Using Competency-Based Human Resource Management (CBHRM) as the primary analytical lens, and reinforced by Digital Government Theory, Digital Era Governance, and Capacity Building Theory, this study demonstrates that competency gaps are structural rather than merely individual deficiencies. The article contributes theoretically by integrating human resource and digital governance perspectives into a unified analytical framework, and practically by offering policy-relevant insights for strengthening public sector capacity and enhancing the sustainability of SPBE implementation.

Punggelan State Junior High School 3, Banjarnegara, as one of the schools at the elementary education level, will empower its students through the use of the school environment for agricultural activities. Efforts to introduce agricultural activities are carried out through P5 (Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila / Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project) on the theme of sustainable lifestyles. The theoretical session was held in the hall of Punggelan State Junior High School 3. The practical session was held in the garden area of Punggelan State Junior High School 3. The participants were also assisted by three students from the Agroindustry Study Program at the Banjarnegara Polytechnic. The stages of the activity consisted of a theoretical session in the hall, practical sessions on making planting media, making organic fertilizer, making yellow traps, sowing mustard seeds, and maintaining the mustard plants. Participants who had completed the practical activities were given the responsibility of maintaining their plants until harvest. The participants came from several villages in Punggelan Subdistrict, including Danakerta, Klapa, Tribuana, and Sambong. These four villages are agricultural centers. Most of the residents in these areas have yards that are used for agricultural activities. The students already have basic agricultural skills for vegetable cultivation. The participants' background in agriculture-based areas will facilitate student empowerment activities in school management towards achieving adiwiyata status. The empowerment of students at Punggelan State Junior High School 3through training in organic fertilizer production showed an increase in participants' knowledge of science in the field of anaerobic technology in organic fertilizer production. Participants also acquired the skill of being able to make organic fertilizer from leaves or grass and livestock manure. Participants were able to apply organic fertilizer as a seedling medium and a medium for growing mustard greens.

This study analyzes the comparison of the Trapezoidal, Simpson 1/3, and Simpson 3/8 to approximate numerical integration using Microsoft Excel, with the variation of the interval . The test function is  on the interval . Because it is smooth and lacks an elementary antiderivative, the results indicate that the Simpson Method outperforms the Trapezoidal method in accuracy. The Trapezoidal method yields absolute errors on the order of  to , while Simpson 1/3 and 3/8 achieve  to , with Simpson 1/3 performing best across all . These findings confirm the higher convergence order of Simpson methods ) vs . Excel implementation proves effective as an accessible learning tool for numerical methods, supporting integral computation in higher education. This research contributes to simplifying computational approaches for engineering applications and education, and opens up opportunities for more effective implementation of numerical methods in practical teaching. The results of this research are expected to enrich understanding of numerical applications in engineering and science.

Students have a strategic role as agents of change that requires adequate leadership and managerial skills. Formal learning in the classroom has not been able to fully develop these practical skills. This community service activity aims to improve the basic management skills of students at the Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro through Basic Student Management Skills Training (LKMM TD) with the theme Sailing Beyond Limits. The implementation method uses a Participatory Learning Action approach that includes problem identification, strategic planning, activity implementation, and joint evaluation. The activity was attended by 193 students from student organizations and general students. The learning process was carried out through lectures, case studies, discussions, group work, and pre- and post-tests. The evaluation results showed a significant increase in participant capacity, marked by an increase in the average score from 68.21 percent in the pre-test to 91.69 percent. LKMM TD activities effectively equip students with managerial, leadership, communication, and motivational control skills as provisions for carrying out the role of student agents of change.

This article proposes Marketing 0.0 as a fundamental conceptual repositioning of marketing theory rooted in the Trust Economy framework. Unlike mainstream marketing theory, which positions trust as an outcome of communication, persuasion, or brand reputation, cross-disciplinary studies in economics, sociology, and neuroscience suggest that trust functions as a pre-decisional condition that precedes market exchange. This research employs a conceptual-theoretical methodology, synthesizing transaction cost theory, social capital, neuroeconomics, and contemporary trust literature. The article's primary contribution is formalizing the shift in trust's position from a dependent variable to an ontological gateway in marketing decision-making. Marketing 0.0 is positioned not as a stage in marketing evolution, but rather as a conceptual ground zero that enables continuous tactical adaptation without reliance on pseudo-novelty. The article concludes with theoretical and practical implications for the development of marketing science in an era of uncertainty and information saturation.

Science lessons in primary school significantly contribute to the early development of logical, scientific and systematic reasoning skills.   However, learning science can be challenging, especially when it comes to understanding abstract concepts and cause-and-effect interactions.   This is due to the fact that, as per Piaget's theory, primary school students are still in the concrete operational stage and have limited cognitive growth. Data regarding abstraction ability and causal reasoning in the context of science education were collected from various scientific sources using the literature review research methodology.  According to the research findings, STEAM integration, project-based learning strategies such as Project Based Learning (PBL), and the use of real and visual aids can help lower learning barriers. Successful learning is also influenced by the teacher's role as facilitator, which involves presenting the material in a relevant and contextualized way and fostering a positive learning environment. Real-world examples and exceptional examples, such as the use of worksheets based on cause-and-effect relationships and basic experiments, demonstrate how useful these strategies are for improving abstract thinking and understanding of cause-and-effect relationships. Developing innovative teaching methods based on practical, exploratory and integrative experiments is essential for maximizing the scientific understanding of primary school students.