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Children with special needs, particularly those with intellectual disabilities, often experience difficulties in emotional development, communication skills, and social interaction. These conditions may make it challenging for them to express their feelings, regulate their emotions, and adapt to their surroundings. Based on observations conducted at SLBN Pembina Kupang, several children were found to be easily angered, lacking in self-confidence, and experiencing difficulties in social interaction. The implementation of this program consisted of three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The program began with coordination with the school, the preparation of coloring materials and equipment, and the selection of participants. Subsequently, the children participated in play therapy through coloring activities under the guidance of the service team and teachers. Evaluation was carried out by observing the children's participation, changes in emotional expression, and social interaction skills throughout the activities. The results showed that play therapy through coloring activities had a positive impact on the children's emotional development. The children became calmer, more confident, and better able to express their feelings. In addition, the activities helped improve their social skills, cooperation, concentration, discipline, and fine motor skills. Therefore, play therapy through coloring activities can serve as an effective, simple, and sustainable intervention to support the emotional development of children with special needs at SLBN Pembina Kupang.

This study aims to examine the implementation of Interpretation of Financial Accounting Standards (ISAK) 335 in the financial management of non-profit foundations in Tanah Datar Regency, particularly in Rambatan and Sungai Tarab Districts. The study employed a qualitative case study approach using semi-structured interviews with financial managers from four foundations: Yayasan SLB Az-Zahra, Yayasan Darul Ulum/Darul Hafazah, Yayasan Daarut Tahfidz Al-Sulaiman, and Yayasan Jabal Rahmah. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify the level of ISAK 335 implementation and the factors affecting its adoption. The findings reveal that none of the foundations have implemented ISAK 335 in preparing their financial statements. The main obstacles include the limited availability of personnel with accounting expertise, simple bookkeeping practices focused only on cash inflows and outflows, inadequate understanding of accounting standards for non-profit entities, and dependence on a single source of operational funding. Consequently, the financial statements do not comply with applicable accounting standards, resulting in low levels of transparency, accountability, and financial information quality. This study recommends enhancing the capacity of financial managers through training, gradually adopting ISAK 335, utilizing digital bookkeeping systems, and diversifying funding sources to strengthen accountable financial governance and ensure organizational sustainability.

Communication is a crucial element in the learning process, particularly in the education of students with special needs who possess diverse characteristics, abilities, and communication requirements. These differences require teachers to implement adaptive communication strategies to ensure that learning messages are effectively conveyed and understood by students. This study aims to analyze the communication at SLB YPAC Medan. The subjects of this study specifically focused on third-grade students with intellectual disabilities (tunagrahita) and slow learners. The. The study adopted a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that teachers apply communication strategies through a combination of verbal and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication involves the use of simple language, repetition of learning materials, and step-by-step instructions tailored to students’ abilities. Meanwhile, nonverbal communication is expressed through facial expressions, body movements, eye contact, and the use of visual learning media to clarify instructional messages. In addition, interpersonal approaches emphasizing patience, attention, empathy, and emotional closeness were found to enhance the effectiveness of teacher–student interactions. Supporting factors include adequate school facilities, psychological services, and therapy programs, while inhibiting factors involve differences in students’ characteristics and limitations in their communication abilities. This study concludes that adaptive communication strategies that accommodate individual student needs play a significant role in creating an effective, comfortable, and supportive learning environment for students with special needs.

Children with intellectual disabilities experience limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive abilities, which impact their independence in daily activities, including buttoning clothes. This skill requires fine motor coordination, concentration, and a proper understanding of task sequences. This case study aims to determine the effectiveness of button board play therapy in improving fine motor skills in children with intellectual disabilities. The method used was descriptive with a case study approach involving two children with moderate intellectual disabilities aged 8 and 9 years at SLB Bhakti Luhur Maumere. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The intervention consisted of button board play therapy conducted for 6 days, with a duration of 15–30 minutes per day, implemented gradually and repeatedly. The results showed that before the intervention, both children were unable to button their clothes independently. After the intervention, there was an improvement in their ability, as the children began to button some buttons (2–3 buttons) with better motor coordination, although they still required assistance and supervision. In conclusion, button board play therapy is effective in gradually improving fine motor skills and independence in children with intellectual disabilities. It is recommended that the intervention be carried out consistently and involve parents to achieve optimal results.

Background:Reproductive health education plays a crucial role, particularly for adolescents with disabilities, in maintaining their reproductive health. One effort to reduce menstrual-related problems is by developing hygienic behaviors. Menstrual personal hygiene refers to individual cleanliness practices aimed at maintaining, preserving, and improving personal hygiene and health to achieve physical and psychological well-being through the implementation of hygienic actions during menstruation. Objective; This study aimed to identify factors associated with menstrual personal hygiene behavior among adolescents with disabilities as part of long-term care. Methods:This study employed a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 36 respondents, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using bivariate analysis with the Chi-square test. Results: The results showed that variables significantly associated with respondents’ menstrual personal hygiene behavior were knowledge (p-value = 0.018), family support (p-value = 0.003), and adequacy of facilities and infrastructure (p-value = 0.003). Meanwhile, self-motivation was not significantly associated with menstrual personal hygiene behavior (p-value = 0.124). Conclusion: Therefore, nurses and healthcare providers are encouraged to enhance reproductive health education, involve families, and promote the provision of disability-friendly facilities to support long-term care for adolescents with disabilities.

Students with deaf disabilities often have difficulty understanding verbal instruction, but have significant advantages in visual and motor aspects. This service activity aims to apply multisensory methods through Suminagashi craft art training (cloth marbling) to improve students' fine motor skills and creativity at SLB B Yakut Purwokerto. The implementation method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a "see-learn-do" strategy involving 20 high school students. The learning process integrates visual stimulation through structured demonstrations and tactile stimulation through the exploration of material textures. The results of the activity showed that the multisensory approach was effective in bridging the barriers of deaf students with disabilities in communicating due to hearing limitations. Students demonstrate a high level of visual focus and are able to replicate marble motif making techniques with precision without relying on complex verbal explanations. The combination of cue instructions and direct touch experiences has been proven to minimize miscommunication and improve understanding of abstract concepts of the material. This activity recommends the use of visual-tactile strategies as an adaptive inclusive learning method to support the vocational independence of deaf people.          

Children with special needs require specialized educational services that accommodate their diverse learning characteristics, and digital-based media offers flexible and adaptive learning opportunities tailored to individual abilities. The digital learning media “Voca Poly” was developed to provide education and practical skills training for blind and physically disabled children, particularly in strengthening knowledge and cooking skills to support independent living. This community service program was implemented through three main stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The preparation stage involved needs assessment, media design, and coordination with partner institutions. The implementation stage included interactive learning sessions using the Voca Poly educational game, focusing on food security concepts through English vocabulary from planting to food processing. The evaluation stage assessed participants’ understanding, engagement, and skill improvement. The results showed increased knowledge of cooking concepts and improved practical skills among participants. Moreover, the game-based approach successfully fostered enthusiasm, motivation, and active participation among visually impaired and physically disabled children.

This study addresses the problem of how the implementation of HOTS-based Android gamification influences the higher-order thinking skills of students with ADHD, a group that often faces challenges in traditional learning environments. A quantitative experimental research design was applied, involving 26 students with ADHD from four special needs schools (SLBs) in West Kalimantan. The intervention included HOTS-oriented Android gamified learning, and students' performance was measured using pre-tests and post-tests based on HOTS-level questions. The average pre-test score was 23.72, while the post-test score increased to 53.21. A paired sample t-test showed a significant improvement (t = 8.688 > t_table = 1.708, at a 5% significance level). However, only 57.69% of students met the minimum mastery criteria (KKM = 67), indicating that 15 out of 26 students achieved the expected learning standard. The implementation of HOTS-based Android gamification significantly improved the higher-order thinking skills of students with ADHD. Nonetheless, the overall results, based on average scores and classical completeness, indicate that many students still did not reach the expected level of mastery. Further enhancements in instructional design may be necessary to optimize outcomes for this group of learners.

This psychoeducation is motivated by the need for service support for students with special needs at SLB Negeri Pembina Yogyakarta. Some students with intellectual disabilities require assistance in recognizing and expressing their emotions. The purpose of this counseling activity is to provide appropriate media needed to support the development of students’ emotional expression in everyday social interactions. The counseling method employed was a play-based learning approach. The evaluation of the effectiveness of this method involved 10 students with intellectual disabilities, consisting of 7 male students and 3 female students in Grade VII of junior high school. Based on the results of the counseling activities, which were conducted in three stages—namely the opening stage, the emotion recognition stage, and the application of the emotion wheel—it was found that the use of the emotion wheel media strengthened the emotional expression abilities of students with intellectual disabilities. This improvement was evident from observable changes in the emotional behavior of some students.

This study aims to improve the kinesthetic intelligence and physical fitness of students with hearing impairments through rhythmic gymnastics lessons in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) at SLB Muhammadiyah Kelayu, East Lombok Regency. The research employed a collaborative classroom action research (CAR) approach involving both the researcher and the PJOK teacher. The action was conducted in two cycles, each comprising planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The research subjects consisted of eight students with hearing impairments, including four females and four males. Data were collected through documentation, observation, and performance assessments using developed kinesthetic intelligence and physical fitness instruments, and then analyzed descriptively using quantitative methods. The results indicate that after the rhythmic gymnastics intervention, kinesthetic intelligence improved, with 75% of students reaching the expected development level by the end of Cycle II. Physical fitness also showed significant improvement across five main components: endurance increased to 68.7%, muscle strength and endurance to 65.6%, agility to 68.7%, flexibility to 65.6%, and balance to 71.8%. Rhythmic gymnastics proved to be an effective approach to support inclusivity while enhancing the kinesthetic intelligence and physical fitness of students with hearing impairments.

Self-care independence is an essential aspect that must be developed so that children can live more independently and achieve a better quality of life. This is based on the vital role of the family in facilitating growth, development, and the formation of independence, especially for children with special needs such as those with intellectual disabilities. Children with intellectual disabilities often experience limitations in adaptive and intellectual abilities, making family support a key factor that helps them learn to perform daily activities independently. This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and self-care independence among children with intellectual disabilities at SLB Bukesra Banda Aceh. The research used a quantitative method with a descriptive-analytic design and a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 40 children with intellectual disabilities selected through purposive sampling from a total of 69 registered students. The research instruments were family support and self-care independence questionnaires using the Guttman scale. The study was conducted from June 1 to June 7, 2025. The results showed that most children received good family support (82.5%) and demonstrated good self-care independence (60%). The bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test indicated a significant relationship between family support and self-care independence (p-value = 0.001, p < 0.05). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that family support plays a crucial role in improving the self-care independence of children with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, parents are encouraged to provide consistent emotional, appreciation, instrumental, and informational support to help their children learn to care for themselves independently. Self-care independence is an essential aspect that must be developed so that children can live more independently and achieve a better quality of life. This is based on the vital role of the family in facilitating growth, development, and the formation of independence, especially for children with special needs such as those with intellectual disabilities. Children with intellectual disabilities often experience limitations in adaptive and intellectual abilities, making family support a key factor that helps them learn to perform daily activities independently. This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and self-care independence among children with intellectual disabilities at SLB Bukesra Banda Aceh. The research used a quantitative method with a descriptive-analytic design and a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 40 children with intellectual disabilities selected through purposive sampling from a total of 69 registered students. The research instruments were family support and self-care independence questionnaires using the Guttman scale. The study was conducted from June 1 to June 7, 2025. The results showed that most children received good family support (82.5%) and demonstrated good self-care independence (60%). The bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test indicated a significant relationship between family support and self-care independence (p-value = 0.001, p < 0.05). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that family support plays a crucial role in improving the self-care independence of children with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, parents are encouraged to provide consistent emotional, appreciation, instrumental, and informational support to help their children learn to care for themselves independently.

This study aims to determine the contribution of self-efficacy to teachers' work stress at SLB Negeri 1 Harau, the only public special school in Harau District. Teachers at SLB face complex challenges in dealing with students with special needs, which has the potential to cause work stress. The study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method to test the relationship between self-efficacy and work stress. The research population is all teachers at SLB Negeri 1 Harau as many as 20 people, with a total sampling technique. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire on self-efficacy and work stress which was compiled based on the Likert scale. The results of the analysis showed a correlation value of 0.795** with df = 18 and r table = 0.443, which means that there is a significant and strong relationship between self-efficacy and work stress. The regression test using SPSS version 29 produced an Fcount of 21.974 > a Ftable of 3.28, so that H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. These findings show that self-efficacy contributes significantly to teachers' work stress. Teachers with high levels of self-efficacy tend to have better ability to manage work pressure and respond to learning challenges positively. This research provides important implications for the development of psychological intervention programs and self-efficacy improvement training for educators in an inclusive education environment.

This study discusses the importance of parental social support in career planning for deaf children, who have communication limitations and need special assistance in developing their potential. This study was conducted because parents often experience anxiety about the future of their deaf-speech disabled children, especially in determining appropriate career paths. This study aims to describe forms of parental social support in the process of children's career planning. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with four parents of deaf students at SLB Asuhan Kasih Kupang. The results of the thematic analysis show that emotional, informative, and modeling support are the main forms of support provided by parents. Other supporting factors include the school environment, the exploration of children's interests, and parental expectations. These findings emphasize the importance of active parental involvement in optimally preparing children with hearing disabilities for their careers.

This study aims to describe the effectiveness of introducing sign language for the hijaiyah letters in the learning process for deaf children at the Dharma Wanita Special Needs School in Situbondo based on the experiences of female PPL students. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews. The subjects of the study were 5 female PPL students who directly taught the hijaiyah letters using sign language and 1 supervising teacher at the PPL location, namely at the Dharma Wanita Special Needs School in Situbondo. The results of the study indicate that the use of sign language for the hijaiyah letters is effective in helping deaf children recognize and understand Arabic letters, especially through a visual approach and consistent hand movements. Teachers also expressed that learning became more interesting and participatory. However, there are several challenges such as limited media and the need for longer time in delivering the material. This study concludes that sign language for the hijaiyah letters is a potential alternative learning strategy for deaf children.

Anak dengan Down Syndrome (DS) menghadapi berbagai hambatan perkembangan, baik secara fisik, kognitif, sosial, maupun emosional, sehingga memerlukan layanan khusus. Salah satu masalah utama yang dialami adalah rendahnya keseimbangan akibat hipotonia, kelemahan otot, gangguan postural, serta keterbatasan sistem sensorimotor, yang berimplikasi pada risiko jatuh dan keterlambatan motorik. Selain itu, anak DS juga cenderung mengalami hambatan dalam sosialisasi yang berdampak pada rendahnya rasa percaya diri. Penelitian dan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di SLB D1 Surakarta ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan keseimbangan dan rasa percaya diri melalui intervensi menari di atas landasan dengan berbagai tekstur permukaan serta pemberian buku cerita interaktif. Metode yang digunakan meliputi baseline assessment, sosialisasi, latihan motorik, serta evaluasi melalui pre-test dan post-test terhadap pengetahuan guru pendamping dan orang tua. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan pada pemahaman orang tua dan guru mengenai pentingnya keseimbangan dan rasa percaya diri, dengan capaian pengetahuan baik meningkat dari 57,9% menjadi 89,5%. Selain itu, anak menunjukkan keterlibatan aktif dalam latihan yang menyenangkan, yang diyakini dapat memperbaiki kontrol postural sekaligus memupuk rasa percaya diri melalui pengalaman positif. Dengan demikian, kegiatan menari dan membaca buku cerita bergambar dapat menjadi strategi komplementer yang efektif untuk mendukung tumbuh kembang anak DS secara holistik.

Children with special needs (ABK) often face various challenges that require extra attention and support from their families. This study aims to determine the role of families in supporting the welfare of ABK at SLB Kasih Ibu in Dolok Masihul District. The research method used is qualitative descriptive research. Data collection was conducted through interviews, observation, and documentation. There were nine informants in this study. The results showed that the family plays a role in improving the welfare of children with special needs through several main aspects, namely: family resilience, which includes physical, social, and psychological resilience, which is fulfilled through basic needs, religious values, communication, commitment, and emotional management. The family provides personal support in the form of information, emotional support, education, and daily assistance. Good family relationships with effective communication and positive reinforcement, as well as the lack of community capacity in serving children with special needs. The welfare of children with special needs is fulfilled through basic needs, care, nurturing, and guidance from their families. Families also play a role in meeting the basic needs of children with special needs and protecting them from violence, discrimination, and unfair treatment, thereby creating a safe and supportive environment for the optimal development of children with special needs..

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa Pelatihan Pembuatan Kosmetik Moisturizing Lipcream sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Keterampilan dan Kewirausahaan bagi Siswa/i di SLB Huntap Palu telah dilaksanakan pada 5 Agustus 2025, dengan melibatkan guru-guru SLB Huntap Palu sebagai peserta. Program ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru agar mampu mengajarkan keterampilan pembuatan lipcream kepada siswa, sehingga mereka memperoleh bekal keterampilan praktis sekaligus peluang berwirausaha. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi koordinasi dengan mitra, penyampaian materi dan brosur, demonstrasi, praktik langsung, serta evaluasi menggunakan instrumen pretest dan posttest. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan peserta sebesar 24,67% serta keterampilan yang baik dalam menghasilkan lipcream dengan kualitas tekstur, warna, dan kemampuan melembapkan yang optimal. Peserta juga menunjukkan antusiasme tinggi selama kegiatan berlangsung. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa program pelatihan efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan guru, serta membuka peluang di masa depan bagi pengembangan keterampilan siswa berkebutuhan khusus melalui pendampingan para guru yang telah mengikuti pelatihan.

This study was motivated by the dominant use of directive speech acts in competitive esports communication. The purpose of this study is to describe the types, functions, and effects of directive speech acts in mic check content on the Team Liquid ID YouTube channel. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The research subject is mic check content on the Team Liquid ID YouTube channel. The object of this study is directive speech acts. Data collection methods include observation using basic recording techniques and advanced techniques such as the Free-Form Conversation Observation Technique (SLBC) and note-taking. The results of this study identified the form of directive speech acts, namely direct literal speech acts. The functions of directive speech acts identified include command, request, invitation, advice, and prohibition. Furthermore, regarding the effects of using directive speech acts in the study, three positive effects were found, such as the encouraging effect, the effect of hoping to follow, and the relieving effect.

This study aims to obtain data on the music learning process using the Learning By Doing method with the melodica as a musical instrument for visually impaired sixth-grade students at SLB-A Pembina Tingkat Nasional (Special School for the Blind). Learning By Doing emphasizes the active involvement of students in the learning process. This is particularly relevant for visually impaired students, as they rely more heavily on their sense of hearing and touch to receive information. To gain a clear understanding of the stages of music learning using this method, the researcher employed a descriptive approach. Several data collection techniques were used, including interviews, observation of learning activities, document analysis, and field notes. The study was conducted over the course of one semester. The results of the research show that the implementation of the Learning By Doing method in music education involves three main stages: the planning stage (lesson plans and syllabus), the implementation stage (interactive learning and hands-on practice), and the evaluation stage. The application of Learning By Doing increased student engagement and understanding of basic musical tone concepts, and also supported their musical skills, auditory abilities, and experience in recognizing expression through sound. Thus, the Learning By Doing method is effective in teaching music to visually impaired students because it provides a concrete and meaningful learning experience.

Disaster preparedness in special schools (SLB) is crucial to protect students with special needs. The purpose of this community service is to improve the knowledge and preparedness of SLB/C Amal Mulia Jakarta Selatan students in dealing with earthquake disasters. The method used is a participatory approach involving students, teachers, and school staff in counseling, creating instructional media in the form of evacuation route maps with bright colors, and conducting evacuation simulations. The results showed significant improvements in students' knowledge. On the Earthquake Definition parameter, there was an 800% increase, while the "Impact of Earthquakes" increased by 166%. Significant increases were also recorded on knowledge about types of disasters (28.57%) and correct evacuation procedures, with an increase of 1700%. The use of instructional media in the form of brightly colored evacuation route posters proved effective in helping students understand the evacuation routes. Overall, this activity successfully improved disaster preparedness at SLB Amal Mulia, preparing students to respond to emergencies with greater readiness and safety.