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The development of modern biotechnology has brought fundamental changes to the life sciences through the application of molecular biology, genetic engineering, and bioinformatics techniques. This article aims to examine the transformation of life sciences through modern biotechnology approaches and its impact on health, agriculture, the environment, and industry. The method used is a descriptive-analytical literature review based on international journal sources and relevant scientific publications. The results of the study indicate that technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 enable precise gene editing for genetic disease therapy, while the mRNA vaccine platforms developed by Pfizer and Moderna demonstrate the acceleration of biomedical innovation in response to the global pandemic. In the agricultural sector, genetic engineering increases crop productivity and resilience, while in the environmental sector, biotechnology supports environmentally friendly bioremediation processes. However, ethical and regulatory challenges remain important concerns in its implementation. In conclusion, modern biotechnology plays a key role as a catalyst for sustainable, innovation-driven transformation in the life sciences.

This study discusses the implementation of the Self-Directed Learning Programme by integrating Learning Outcomes (CP), Learning Objectives (TP), and Learning Objective Processes (ATP) to enhance teaching quality and teacher professionalism. Using a library research method, this study analyses relevant scientific literature to understand the relationship between the integration of the three components of the education programme and classroom teaching practices. The research findings indicate that teachers still encounter challenges in understanding and integrating CP, TP, and ATP, particularly in planning, implementing teaching strategies, and conducting authentic assessments. However, when this integration is well executed, the teaching process becomes more purposeful, flexible and responsive to students' needs. Furthermore, integrating CP–TP–ATP has been shown to strengthen teachers' professionalism by enhancing their understanding of the curriculum, their ability to design learning activities, and their capacity to conduct competency-based assessment. This study confirms that the successful implementation of the Free Education Programme depends heavily on teachers' ability to understand the curriculum's structure and to integrate these three components consistently. Therefore, training, supporting, and developing teachers' competencies is an important requirement for the effective and sustainable implementation of the Liberal Education Programme.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of video animation-based flipped classroom learning model in increasing students' learning interest in science subjects with material on the structure and function of living organisms in class 8D at SMPN 1 Sanrobone. The low interest in learning science among students is a major problem that needs to be addressed through more attractive and interactive learning innovations. The video animation-based flipped classroom model was chosen because it can optimize classroom learning time for more meaningful activities, while basic concept understanding is done independently through engaging animated videos. This study uses a survey method with a descriptive quantitative approach. The research subjects were  students of class 8D SMPN 1 Sanrobone in the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. Research instruments used learning interest questionnaires, observations, and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of video animation-based flipped classroom model was able to increase students' learning interest with high categories in aspects of attention, interest, involvement, and learning satisfaction. Animated videos presented before face-to-face learning provide clear visualizations of the structure and function of living organisms, making students more prepared and enthusiastic to participate in discussions and practical activities in class. This learning model also encourages student learning independence and increases active interaction in learning. This study recommends the implementation of video animation-based flipped classroom as an alternative effective and innovative science learning strategy to increase students' learning interest.

This research extends the previous work of Tsaqila, Winiarti, and Widaningrum (2024), who applied the Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method within a decision support system for supermarket branch location selection. Unlike the prior study, which focused on Ponorogo through a web-based framework, this study expands the implementation of COPRAS to the Medan Area, Medan Kota, Medan Polonia, dan Medan Maimun districts, adapting it to local urban, social, and economic characteristics. The main objective is to identify the most strategic site for a new supermarket by analyzing multiple criteria, including land cost, population density, accessibility, safety, cleanliness, and disaster risk. Data were collected from both field surveys and official government publications. The findings reveal that the COPRAS method provides reliable and objective assessments among the evaluated alternatives, with Medan Area emerging as the most suitable location for supermarket development. Overall, this study broadens the practical scope of the COPRAS method in a different regional context and reinforces its reliability and adaptability as a multi-criteria decision-making tool in the modern retail industry.

Research. Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program, STKIP PGRI Papua. The purpose of this study is to examine the Influence of Using Kahoot as an Interactive Learning Media to Increase the Learning Interest of Sixth-Grade Students in Civic Education at SD YPK Bethania Mariadei. This type of research is Experimental research. The population in this study consists of students at SD Bethania Mariadei, while the research sample is 21 students in the sixth grade. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires and documentation. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics techniques. Based on the hypothesis testing results, the calculated t-value is 2.926 with a significance of 0.009. The significance value shows 0.009 < 0.05, so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, which leads to the conclusion that there is a significant and positive effect of using Kahoot media as an interactive learning tool to increase the learning interest of sixth-grade students in Civics subjects at SD YPK Bethania Mariadei. The Kahoot Interactive Learning Media can be applied for Civics learning in elementary schools. Keywords: Kahoot, Learning Media, Learning Interest, Civics.  

This quasi-experimental study examines the effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted learning in enhancing critical thinking skills among undergraduate history students. The study involved 60 students divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received AI-supported instruction integrating adaptive learning modules, scaffolded source-analysis prompts, and guided argumentative discussions facilitated by conversational AI tools, while the control group followed conventional lecture-based instruction. Data were collected using a validated critical thinking test, classroom observation protocols, and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using paired and independent sample t-tests, while qualitative data were examined through Miles and Huberman’s interactive analysis model. Results indicate statistically significant improvements in critical thinking scores in the experimental group compared to the control group. Thematic findings reveal enhanced sourcing, contextualization, corroboration, and evidence-based argumentation skills. However, minor risks of over-reliance on AI highlight the need for instructional scaffolding and ethical guidance. The findings suggest that AI can function as a cognitive scaffold that strengthens historical thinking and metacognitive awareness when implemented within a structured pedagogical framework.

Sharia economic education and access to healthcare services are critical components for community empowerment, especially in rural areas like Balapulang Wetan. The Community Service Program (PKM) implemented by STIES Putera Bangsa Tegal in collaboration with Klinik Azzahra integrates sharia economic education with free healthcare services to address the twin challenges of low sharia economic literacy and limited access to quality healthcare. This program employs training and outreach methods alongside provision of basic free health services to the community. Evaluation results indicate increased understanding of sharia economic principles, including zakat, infaq, and financial management, as well as greater utilization of free healthcare services. This holistic approach fosters economic independence and enhances the overall quality of life through improved economic welfare and health. Collaboration among educational institutions, health service providers, and local government forms the foundation for the sustainability and success of this program in creating an inclusive and equitable community empowerment ecosystem.

This study aims to analyze the legal accountability of three judges of the Surabaya District Court who were proven to have been involved in bribery practices during the examination process of a case that resulted in the acquittal of Gregorius Ronald Tannur, the son of Edward Tannur, a former member of the Indonesian House of Representatives from the National Awakening Party (PKB). The study focuses on identifying the forms of legal responsibility that may be imposed on judges who receive bribes, as well as examining the abuse of judicial authority that influenced the issuance of the court decision. This research employs a normative juridical method using a statutory and case approach, through an analysis of Law Number 48 of 2009 on Judicial Power, Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 on the Eradication of Corruption Crimes, Decision of the Surabaya District Court Number 454/Pid.B/2024/PN SBY, and the Joint Decree of the Supreme Court and the Judicial Commission of 2009 concerning the Code of Ethics and Guidelines for Judicial Conduct. The findings indicate that judges proven to have accepted bribes may be subject to criminal sanctions in the form of imprisonment and/or fines, ethical sanctions imposed by the Judicial Commission, as well as administrative sanctions in the form of dishonorable dismissal, and that court decisions rendered by judges involved in bribery may be challenged through available legal remedies. This study underscores the importance of strengthening internal and external oversight mechanisms and enhancing transparency in judicial proceedings to maintain and restore public trust in the judiciary.

This study aimed to analyze the implementation of policies prohibiting illegal fishing practices involving the use of explosives, poisons, and electric shock devices in Sanga-Sanga District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Although regulations and extension activities related to the prohibition have been established, illegal fishing practices continue to occur as of 2025. The findings reveal that some fishermen still use poison and electric shock due to economic reasons and the perception that these methods yield greater catches. However, such actions cause losses to other fishermen by reducing the quality of the catch and damaging the aquatic ecosystem. The community is aware of these violations but is reluctant to report them due to fear of threats from the perpetrators. Efforts by fisheries extension officers to establish community-based surveillance groups (Pokmaswas) have not been optimal due to low public participation. Collaboration between provincial fisheries supervisors and the local marine police (Polairud) has resulted in joint patrols that successfully apprehended two perpetrators of illegal fishing, yet law enforcement has not produced a deterrent effect. Moreover, the program to replace destructive fishing gear with environmentally friendly alternatives for fishermen willing to transition has not been realized due to budget constraints. Based on these findings, it is necessary to strengthen integrated surveillance, provide legal protection for whistleblowers, accelerate the implementation of sustainable fishing gear programs, and enhance public awareness of legal and ecological issues.

This study examines the implementation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Number 7 of 2024 concerning the Management of Lobster, Crab, and Blue Swimming Crab in East Kalimantan. As a strategic policy, the regulation aims to ensure sustainable fisheries management through provisions on minimum catch sizes, restocking mechanisms, traceability systems, and law enforcement against illegal fishing and trade. Using an empirical juridical approach, this research collected primary data through questionnaires distributed to fisheries officers, coastal communities, fishers, and aquaculture business actors in East Kalimantan. The results show that the implementation of Regulation No. 7/2024 is generally categorized as moderately effective, with an average Likert score indicating limited but positive compliance. Respondents acknowledged the importance of sustainability principles embedded in the regulation; however, significant challenges persist, including insufficient formal socialization, weak field monitoring, lack of supporting facilities, and inconsistent coordination among implementing agencies (BARANTIN, PSDKP, and local fisheries officers). Qualitative responses highlight that many stakeholders still lack understanding of technical provisions such as minimum size requirements and restocking obligations. The study concludes that while the regulatory framework is normatively comprehensive and aligned with sustainable fisheries principles, its practical effectiveness remains constrained by institutional and socio-cultural factors. Strengthening community engagement, increasing inter-agency coordination, and enhancing enforcement capacity are crucial to optimizing the policy’s impact on the sustainable management of lobster, crab, and blue swimming crab resources in East Kalimantan.

International criminal law is a crucial instrument within the international legal system designed to address serious crimes that transcend national jurisdiction, such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. International criminal law serves as a means to uphold justice, maintain international order, and prevent impunity for perpetrators of serious crimes that have a broad impact on the global community. This study aims to examine the enforcement of international criminal law in the modern era, emphasizing law enforcement mechanisms and the role of cooperation between states and international institutions. The research method used is normative juridical research, with an approach to relevant laws and regulations, legal doctrine, and court decisions. The results indicate that the effectiveness of international criminal law enforcement still faces various obstacles, primarily stemming from state political interests, weak commitment to international cooperation, and inconsistencies between legal norms and their implementation. The principle of complementarity is a fundamental element of this system, as it positions states as the primary actors in the prosecution process, while international judicial institutions play a complementary role if national mechanisms are ineffective. Furthermore, harmonization of national laws with international criminal law provisions and strengthening cross-border cooperation are determining factors in the success of law enforcement. This study concludes that synergy between states and international institutions, accompanied by strong political commitment, is a key prerequisite for the realization of a just and sustainable international criminal law enforcement system.

Pocari Sweat Run as an annual running event of PT. Amerta Indah Otsuka since 2013 has been the main platform to build the brand image of isotonic drinks through an inclusive offline and online hybrid experience. Instagram account @pocarisportid plays a strategic role with digital content such as race teasers, runner testimonials, and UGC content to strengthen the perception of the event as part of a healthy lifestyle. Pocari Sweat Run as one of the National running events utilizes the Instagram account @pocarisportid to convey information, value, and event experience to the audience on a regular basis. This research attempts to examine the role of digital content Instagram @pocarisportid in strengthening the image of the event Pocari Sweat Run. This research uses descriptive qualitative approach with content analysis method. Data analysis was conducted using Ardianto image theory and The Theory of Uses and Gratifications. The finding demostrated  @pocarisportid digital content was able to build a positive image of Pocari Sweat Run as a healthy, professional and inclusive running event. Promotional and educational content represents the expected image (wish image), while documentation of activities and participant testimonials reflect the mental image that emerged from the audience. In addition, digital content is able to meet the needs of information, entertainment, and social interaction of audiences. The implications of this study indicate that the management of digital content that is consistent and oriented to the needs of the audience can be an effective communication strategy in strengthening the image of sports events.

Gender inequality in terms of safety in public spaces is a crucial issue in Indonesia. This research background is driven by the high rate of violence against women, reaching 330,079 cases in 2024, and reinforced by a patriarchal culture that perpetuates gender hierarchy. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to analyze the root causes and impacts of gender inequality on women's sense of security in public spaces. The results indicate that the disparity manifests in various dimensions, such as women-unfriendly urban infrastructure (e.g., inadequate lighting), security threats in urban areas, and the high rate of gender-based violence where 80.1% of the victims are women. The discussion reveals that this inequality impacts not only physical safety but also psychological well-being, economic security, and access to public spaces. This research concludes that a multidimensional approach encompassing infrastructure improvement, strengthening legal protection, changing social norms, and economic empowerment is required to create an inclusive, equitable, and safe public environment for all genders.

The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and tools like Canva has revolutionized English Language Teaching (ELT) in Indonesia, shifting from traditional methods to interactive, student-centered approaches. This study aims to explore the benefits and challenges of incorporating these technologies into ELT practices. Employing a qualitative literature review methodology, the research analyzed over 20 empirical studies from 2020 to 2023 on Canva and ICT in Indonesian ELT, supplemented by global Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) frameworks. Key findings reveal that ICT and Canva enhance student motivation, creativity, and communicative skills through multimodal and constructivist learning, while fostering authentic language exposure and collaboration. However, challenges include inadequate infrastructure, limited teacher training, digital inequities between urban and rural areas, ethical issues such as copyright infringement, and increased teacher workload. The implications underscore the need for systematic professional development, institutional support, curriculum alignment, and policies promoting equitable access to ensure transformative and sustainable technology integration in Indonesian ELT.  

This study examines students’ perceptions of the use of online platforms for English listening practice. The research employs a mixed-methods approach involving 150 undergraduate students through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that the majority of students hold positive attitudes toward the use of online platforms, primarily due to time flexibility, diverse content, and the ability to learn independently. Nevertheless, several challenges were identified, including internet connectivity issues that disrupt the learning experience, a lack of personalized feedback, and difficulties in maintaining learning motivation. Features such as adjustable playback speed, the availability of transcripts, and interactive exercises received high levels of satisfaction. Overall, the study concludes that although online platforms have great potential to enhance English listening skills, their effectiveness largely depends on proper implementation, adequate technical infrastructure, and active support from educators. Therefore, this study recommends improvements in technical aspects and the development of more effective learning methods to achieve more optimal outcomes.

This study aims to comprehensively describe the psychological dynamics of Natta's character in the novel Rumah Tanpa Cahaya through the framework of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The main focus of the study is to analyze the structural interactions of personality including the Id, Ego, and Superego, and to identify various self defense mechanisms activated by the character due to the internal conflict he experiences. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a literary psychology approach as the main analytical basis for dissecting the hidden inner character. The results of the study indicate that Natta's character's behavior is a form of integrative struggle that demands immediate gratification (Id), rational consideration of painful reality (Ego), and strong moral pressure from the internalization of social norms (Superego). Natta's Id demands the fulfillment of basic needs for security and affection. Meanwhile, the Superego provides moral pressure that triggers disproportionate anxiety. Natta's Ego operates as a mediator that works hard to balance the drives of the Id and the demands of the Superego, which forces the Ego to activate self-defense mechanisms such as repression, rationalization, and especially sublimation. This mechanism serves as a psychic barrier to maintain her mental stability and prevent her from experiencing total collapse due to the accumulation of past trauma. Overall, this novel depicts the complexity of the human psyche in the face of existential crises and unresolved past wounds.

. Film as a mass communication medium not only functions as entertainment, but also as a means of representing power relations in society. Miracle in Cell No. 7 works by Hanung Bramantyo show various forms of official domination and legal inequality which are relevant to be studied through a hegemony perspective. This research aims to describe the forms of hegemony that appear in the film and interpret the social criticism conveyed through the narrative and visualization. The research uses qualitative methods with listening and note-taking techniques, then the data is analyzed through reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions based on Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony. The research results show that this film contains four forms of hegemony: ideological hegemony through the instillation of disciplinary values; hegemony of power through apparatus domination and abuse of authority; cultural hegemony through the imposition of a single standard of behavior; and moral hegemony through the formation of ethical judgments that benefit those in power. These findings indicate that films not only present emotional stories, but also present criticism of legal injustice and structural domination. This research confirms that visual media plays an important role in forming public awareness regarding the practice of power in social life.

This study aims to comprehensively describe the psychological dynamics of Natta's character in the novel Rumah Tanpa Cahaya through the framework of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The main focus of the study is to analyze the structural interactions of personality including the Id, Ego, and Superego, and to identify various self defense mechanisms activated by the character due to the internal conflict he experiences. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a literary psychology approach as the main analytical basis for dissecting the hidden inner character. The results of the study indicate that Natta's character's behavior is a form of integrative struggle that demands immediate gratification (Id), rational consideration of painful reality (Ego), and strong moral pressure from the internalization of social norms (Superego). Natta's Id demands the fulfillment of basic needs for security and affection. Meanwhile, the Superego provides moral pressure that triggers disproportionate anxiety. Natta's Ego operates as a mediator that works hard to balance the drives of the Id and the demands of the Superego, which forces the Ego to activate self-defense mechanisms such as repression, rationalization, and especially sublimation. This mechanism serves as a psychic barrier to maintain her mental stability and prevent her from experiencing total collapse due to the accumulation of past trauma. Overall, this novel depicts the complexity of the human psyche in the face of existential crises and unresolved past wounds.

. Film as a mass communication medium not only functions as entertainment, but also as a means of representing power relations in society. Miracle in Cell No. 7 works by Hanung Bramantyo show various forms of official domination and legal inequality which are relevant to be studied through a hegemony perspective. This research aims to describe the forms of hegemony that appear in the film and interpret the social criticism conveyed through the narrative and visualization. The research uses qualitative methods with listening and note-taking techniques, then the data is analyzed through reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions based on Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony. The research results show that this film contains four forms of hegemony: ideological hegemony through the instillation of disciplinary values; hegemony of power through apparatus domination and abuse of authority; cultural hegemony through the imposition of a single standard of behavior; and moral hegemony through the formation of ethical judgments that benefit those in power. These findings indicate that films not only present emotional stories, but also present criticism of legal injustice and structural domination. This research confirms that visual media plays an important role in forming public awareness regarding the practice of power in social life.

The UNAMA Library employs information systems to enhance its academic services. Nevertheless, its administrative framework continues to encounter obstacles, such as inadequate service system support for users, constrained resources allocated for the management and upkeep of the system, an absence of standardized protocols for addressing technical challenges, and insufficient assessment system efficacy. If these issues remain unaddressed, the operational effectiveness of the library information system will be compromised, thereby thwarting the objective of delivering dependable information services. This investigation seeks to illuminate the maturity level of information system governance as delineated by COBIT 2019 within the Decision Support Systems (DSS) domain, specifically focusing on the DSS01 (Manage Operations) and DSS02 (Manage Service Requests and Incidents) processes. The findings suggest that the degree of information system governance capability the UNAMA Library is situated at the Established Process level (level 3), signifying that the process has undergone implementation; however, it has yet to be comprehensively documented and consistently evaluated. Moreover, a disparity persists between the existing state and the anticipated capability level of the organization, particularly concerning IT operations management, the standardization incident handling, and the documentation of operational procedures. An elucidation of the expected level is articulated, especially in terms of operational standards, incident documentation, and IT infrastructure oversight. Recommendations encompass the formulation of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the enhancement of documentation practices, and periodic assessments grounded in COBIT 2019. These findings are anticipated to assist libraries in augmenting the efficacy of information systems governance and the quality of IT services.