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The method applied in this study is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and this work examines the pertinent literature between 2020 and 2024. The sources included here were Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar while using the following keywords; digital communication and profitability. The findings indicate that firms that engage in anticipatory digital media communication receive higher customer interactions of between 10-30% and continued patronage and sales. Furthermore, AI and big data help organizations tailor their communication strategies, maximize CLV and minimize operation expenditures. However, the study also revealed that digital skills’ dearth and organizational reluctance to embrace digital technology are a thorn for firms, particularly MSMEs, regarding the appropriate execution of digital communication strategies. Based on the findings of this study, the conclusion is that enhanced digital communication can enhance the profitability of the company as long as adequate technological platform and increased digitization of company’s employees are in place. As for the suggestions for future research, they include examining the effects of data privacy legislation on Digital Communications Planning and analyzing how manufacturing and, especially, financial service industries can leverage Digital Technology to create a sustainable competitive advantage.

Background: Spinal anesthesia is anesthesia performed on patients who are still conscious with the aim of eliminating the conductivity process at the sensory nerve endings or fibers in certain parts of the body. Research Objectives: This study aims to determine changes in blood pressure before induction of spinal anesthesia and after induction of spinalanesthesia.        Research Methodology: Thisresearchisa descriptive observational study with a quantitative research design that focuses on variable analysis, especially intra-anesthesia blood pressure after application of spinal anesthesia. This research uses an analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. Results: It is known that the systolic blood pressure 5 minutes after spinal anesthesia was found to be mean (114.89 mmHg), median (118 times/minute) and mode (132 times/minute), diastole 5 minutes after spinal anesthesia was obtained as mean (70.09 mmHg), Median (70 times/minute), and Mode (70 times/minute). It is known that systolic blood pressure 10 minutes after spinalanes the siaobtained Mean (102.96mmHg), Median (102 times/minute) and Mode (80 times/minute), Diastole 10 minutes after spinal anesthesia obtained Mean (67.32mmHg), Median (70 times/minute), and Mode (60 times/minute). It is known that systolic blood pressure 15 minutes after spinal anesthesia obtained Mean (119.47 mmHg), Median (118 times/minute) and     Mode (100 times/minute), Diastole 15 minutes after spinal anesthesia obtained mean (71.11 mmHg), Median (70 times/minute), and Mode (80 times/minute). Conclusion: This study can conclude that patients undergoing spinal anesthesia may experience a decline due to the effects of spinal anesthesia.

This study aims to examine the role of housewives in waste reduction through the implementation of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) principles, serving as a means to influence waste management behaviors and foster the adoption of a community-driven circular economy. This approach is designed to involve the broader business environment and city government. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, focusing on the collection of data and information without reliance on quantitative calculations.The findings highlight that the participation of housewives plays a significant role in engaging individuals and groups in waste management activities. The study underscores the importance of community involvement in providing suggestions, expressing opinions, and actively participating in waste management initiatives. The research emphasizes that housewives play a critical role in waste collection, aligning with the principles of 3R. This role contributes to fostering clean and healthy living behaviors within communities, reinforcing the essential contribution of housewives in achieving sustainable waste management practices.

This study aims to analyze the role of crowdfunding, impact investing, zakat, and waqf as alternative financing in supporting sustainable development in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with a case study approach based on secondary data from literature and empirical reports. The results show that crowdfunding mobilizes community funds for environmental projects such as mangrove conservation in Kalimantan, significantly reducing carbon emissions. Impact investing supports strategic sectors like Islamic fintech and affordable housing, creating both social and financial impact. Zakat contributes to improved welfare through skills training and healthcare services, while waqf supports the development of sustainable social infrastructure. However, the management of zakat and waqf faces challenges in transparency and public participation. This study bridges the literature gap with empirical evidence highlighting the effectiveness of alternative financing in sustainable development. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a strategic integration of alternative financing to accelerate the achievement of sustainable development goals in an inclusive manner.

Literacy is very important for students because literacy skills will affect the success of their learning and their lives. Good literacy skills will help students understand oral, written and visual texts. oral, written, and pictorial/visual texts, therefore, the development of literacy in literacy in learning is always carried out in an integrated manner between listening, speaking, reading and writing activities. This is because the four skills have a very close relationship, although each has certain characteristics. One way that can be do to improve teacher competence in building a Literacy Culture in Madrasahs is through Technical Guidance with the Method of Direct Guidance. Bimtek is an activity that is intended to provide assistance which is generally in the form of advice and guidance and guidance to solve problems / problems that are technical in nature. From the results of research conducted on teachers at MTsN 1 Siak, namely as follows: Organizing Technical Guidance with the Direct Guidance Method can improve teacher competence in building a culture of Literacy in Madrasahs at MTsN 1 Siak in the 2023/2024 academic year. This This is indicated by the score of the observation of the teacher which continues to increase from cycle 1 to cycle 3. In cycle 1 the score obtained was 78, then increased in cycle 1 to cycle 3. obtained was 78, then increased in cycle 2 to 120, and the achievement of the maximum score of 144 occurred in cycle 1 to cycle 3. achievement of the maximum score of 144 occurred in cycle 3.

Restoran atau warung makan merupakan salah satu usaha yang banyak terdapat diperkotaan dan perdesaan, dengan asumsi para pengusaha warung makan bahwa tiap hari manusia akan membutuhkan makanan. Digunakannya berbasis website dan android sebagai sistem operasi yang digunakan ialah dikarenakan nantinya aplikasi akan digunakan oleh konsumen yang ingin memesan makanan melalui perangkat smartphone. Sistem website dan Android ini lebih praktis, yang mana sistem ini dapat diakses dimana saja dan oleh siapa saja. Juga sistem website dan android ini dinilai lebih murah dan mudah dalam pengembangannya. Penggunaan metode prototype dikarenakan metode prototype ini dinilai mampu dalam mengakomodasi software atau perangkat lunak yang memiliki spesifikasi yang tidak terlalu terperinci. Metode prototype ini dapat digunakan pada setiap model sistem aplikasi, yang mana lebih hemat waktu, dan keterlibatan user dalam pembangunan sistem

This study is motivated by the low academic performance of fourth-grade students in Pancasila Education, specifically in the topic of mutual cooperation. The aim of this research is to assess the improvement in learning outcomes for fourth-grade students in Pancasila Education through the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model with a Differentiation approach. This research falls under the category of classroom action research and was conducted in two cycles. The subjects of the study were 28 fourth-grade students from SD YP HKBP 1 Pematangsiantar. Data were collected through observations and tests, and then analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods. The results indicate that the implementation of the PBL model with a Differentiation approach successfully improved student learning outcomes in the topic of mutual cooperation. The average student performance was 57.14 during the pre-cycle. After implementing the PBL model in cycle I, the average score increased to 71.42, and in cycle II, it rose further to 84.72. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the PBL model with a Differentiation approach is effective in enhancing the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students on the topic of mutual cooperation at SD YP HKBP 1 Pematangsiantar.

The purpose of this study is to observe the cognitive development of early childhood in PAUD Sukacita, especially children aged 5-6 years, through learning activities that involve the introduction of body parts and the calculation of numbers. This learning activity is designed to assess children's ability to understand simple concepts, the courage to appear in front of the class, and numeracy skills. The results of the observation showed that the children's responses to the given activities were very different. Some children show good responses, show optimal cognitive development, and show high self-confidence. . However, there are children who have difficulty understanding the material or feel embarrassed when performing in front of their peers. The main causes of this variation are social anxiety, lack of prior stimulation, and differences in confidence levels. These results underscore the importance of methods that support children's emotional and social development and provide appropriate cognitive stimulation to help children maximize their potential.

The use of banana stems as a basic ingredient for chips is an innovative effort to reduce organic waste as well as open up new business opportunities for the people of Depok Village, Bendungan District, Trenggalek Regency. This topic of service was chosen because banana stem waste is generally unused and often becomes a source of environmental pollution. In fact, banana stems have great potential as an alternative food ingredient that can be processed into products of economic value. In this service, the methods used include the socialization stage, technical training, and production assistance to ensure the community's skills in processing banana stems into chips. The socialization stage was carried out to increase residents' awareness of economic opportunities from the use of local waste. At the technical training stage, residents are taught how to choose materials, processing processes, and packaging products so that they are suitable for sale. The results of the activity showed an increase in interest and skills of residents in producing banana stem chip products with various flavor variants. In addition, this product has managed to attract the attention of local consumers and has the potential to be marketed more widely. In conclusion, the use of banana stems into chips not only reduces environmental waste but also strengthens the community's economy through sustainable new business opportunities.

Coir is one of the components of coconut that can be produced and decomposed into derivative products that have economic value. PT Coco Berdikari, established in 2018 in Karya Maju Village, Sungai Saren Sub-district, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency, is a pioneer in the coconut fibre processing industry in the region. The company's main focus is processing coconut fibre into cocopeat, cocosheet and cocofiber. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the challenges in coir waste processing are the high export costs that are a barrier to accessing the international market and the lack of support from the local government for the coir waste processing business. This study describes the processing of coir waste into products that have economic value using qualitative research methods. The data collection techniques used were observation, interview, and documentation.

This research uses visitor satisfaction as a mediating variable to examine and ascertain how emotional marketing and destination image affect positive electronic word-of-mouth in relation to Siantar Zoo tourism. Tourists who have been to Siantar Zoo made up the study's population. There are 271 responders in the sample utilized in this investigation. A questionnaire survey is the method used in this research to gather data. Descriptive analysis and the Structural Equation Model (PLS) were used in the data analysis process. Smart-PLS version 4 was utilized for data processing in the research. According to the study's findings, tourist satisfaction was positively but marginally impacted by emotional marketing. Tourist satisfaction was positively and significantly impacted by destination image. Positive Electronic Word of Mouth was significantly and favorably impacted by emotional marketing. Positive Electronic Word of Mouth is significantly and favorably impacted by destination image. Positive Electronic Word of Mouth is positively and significantly impacted by visitor satisfaction. Positive Electronic Word of Mouth via Visitor Satisfaction is not much impacted by emotional marketing. Through visitor satisfaction, destination image significantly influences positive electronic word-of-mouth. Determination Coefficient studies show that destination image, emotional marketing, and visitor satisfaction account for 56% of positive electronic word-of-mouth.

Theological dialogue between Islam and Christianity in the Middle East is a strategic effort to create peace amidst the historical, social and political tensions that plague the region. This research aims to analyze the dynamics of theological dialogue and its impact on interreligious relations, as well as evaluate the challenges and opportunities that arise in the context of peace. Using descriptive-analytical qualitative methods, this research collected data from literature studies, interviews with religious figures, and analysis of interfaith documents.

 Central Java was recorded as the area with the highest fire rate in the period from January 1 to July 24 2023, with 637 cases recorded. In 2018, a fire hit Agustinus Junior High School, at Semarang City. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of implementing a fire disaster preparedness simulation in increasing the knowledge and attitudes of Agustinus Middle School residents regarding fire disasters. The research design used was a quasi experiment with a quantitative approach. This research used a one group pretest-posttest design. In this research design, the entire population is used as research respondents. The pretest was given before the fire disaster simulation activity began and the posttest was given after all respondents carried out the fire disaster simulation activity. The research instrument used a questionnaire sheet. Data were analyzed with wilcoxon test. The results of the research show that there is an effect of implementing a fire disaster preparedness simulation on the knowledge and attitudes of Agustinius Junior High School residents with a wilcoxon p value of 0.000 and there is an increase in the knowledge of the school community by 24.3% and the attitude of the school community by 34% compared to before the simulation. This research suggests that schools should hold regular disaster preparedness simulations at least once a year and collaborate with related professional institutions to increase the capability and effectiveness of school emergency response teams in handling emergency situations.

This study aims to analyze the financial performance of the Samarinda City Government from 2020 to 2022, including revenue variance, revenue growth, revenue effectiveness, and expenditure performance based on expenditure variance, expenditure growth, operational expenditure, capital expenditure, and expenditure efficiency. The financial ratios used include revenue variance, revenue growth rate, independence ratio, diversification degree, PAD effectiveness, expenditure variance, expenditure growth rate, operational cost ratio to total costs, capital expenditure ratio to total expenditure, and expenditure efficiency. The data used in this research is secondary data collected through documented library studies. The findings indicate that (1) the financial performance of Samarinda City's original revenue is generally quite good, with an average variance of 2.49% and a growth rate of 77.99%, while (2) expenditure growth shows a negative trend with an average of -0.027%. 

Law plays a crucial role in enhancing public participation in local governance by providing a clear framework for citizen engagement in decision-making, oversight, and the fulfillment of their rights. This study examines the application of legal frameworks to improve public involvement in regional governance, focusing on the Indonesian context. Using an empirical juridical method, the research combines normative analysis of laws and empirical data from interviews and observations. Findings reveal that responsive legal products and participatory processes are essential to fostering public engagement in regional development. Key challenges include limited public awareness, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and inconsistent implementation of legal provisions. Addressing these issues through public education, transparent governance, and stronger legal enforcement can significantly improve participation rates. This paper highlights the importance of integrating legal and social perspectives to create inclusive and effective governance at the local level.

This research investigates sustainable agricultural activities that incorporate spiritual values ​​from holy books in Siborong-Borong, North Tapanuli. Agriculture is seen as a form of worship as well as an environmental obligation, with an emphasis on organic techniques oriented towards sustainability. The case study in Wongaya Betan shows the success of agroecology in increasing crop yields without damaging the environment. A qualitative method with a case study approach was applied, involving observations and interviews with local farmers. Research findings emphasize the importance of training, the use of organic fertilizer, the integration of agriculture and animal husbandry, and human responsibility as stewards of the earth. Spiritual values ​​provide an ethical basis for fairer and more sustainable agricultural practices.

This study explores the impact of digital technology on state defense awareness among students of Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” East Java. Through a quantitative survey involving 29 respondents, it was found that 62.1% of respondents consider state defense awareness very important, and 86.2% agree that digital technology makes it easier to access information related to state defense. However, 10.3% of respondents felt that technology has no significant effect on state defense awareness. These findings show that while digital technology has the potential to increase state defense awareness, challenges such as disinformation and low interest in state defense content still exist. This research recommends improving digital literacy and engaging campaigns to raise awareness among university students.

The Land and Building Tax (PBB) serves as a vital source of regional revenue, supporting essential government initiatives such as infrastructure development, education, healthcare, and various public services. Despite its importance, community compliance with PBB payments in Sei Sikambing B Sub-district remains low. This raises the need to identify the factors hindering compliance and explore strategies to address them. This study aims to uncover the challenges affecting PBB payment compliance and assess the effectiveness of government measures in raising public awareness. A qualitative approach was employed, involving data collection through interviews with residents and staff from the Sei Sikambing B Village office. The findings reveal several key obstacles to taxpayer compliance, including limited public awareness, inadequate enforcement of tax regulations, financial constraints, insufficient dissemination of tax-related information, and inefficiencies in the tax collection system.  

The role of the madrasa head as supervisor has been to try to support teacher professionalism through planning supervision programs, implementing and following up on the results of supervision evaluations, but up to now there are still teachers who do not understand the tasks that must be fulfilled by a teacher. This research aims (1) to determine the role of the madrasa head in improving the professionalism of teachers at MTSN 2 Medan, (2) to determine the implementation of the role of the madrasa head in improving the professionalism of teachers at MTSN 2 Medan. This research uses a qualitative approach with the case study method. There were 3 informants in this research, namely the Head of Madrasah, Deputy Head of Madrasah I, Head of Administration and also Teachers. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. Data validity techniques use triangulation. The research results in this study are the role of the Madrasah Head at MTsN 2, through a clear vision, inclusive approach, comprehensive professional development program, use of data in decision making, and prioritization of student welfare, has succeeded in creating a school environment that is conducive to improving quality. education and teacher professionalism. The innovations carried out by the Madrasa Head at MTsN 2 have succeeded in improving the professionalism of teachers and staff, as well as the overall quality of education.

The aim of this research is to see how increases in credit and investment interest rates impact economic growth in North Sumatra from 2013 to 2023. Indonesia faces the challenge of balancing economic growth, price stability and job creation as a developing country. Quantitative methods were used in this research, which used secondary data from the National Center for Statistics. This method is multiple linear regression analysis. Included in the variables studied are economic growth, investment, and credit interest rates. The research results show that credit interest rates have a positive but insignificant impact on economic growth, while investment has a negative and significant impact. According to multiple regression analysis, fluctuations in credit and investment interest rates can be responsible for 37.9% of economic growth. Additional unexamined factors influence the remaining sections. This research suggests that the government and stakeholders re-evaluate investment strategies to encourage sustainable economic growth in North Sumatra.