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This study aims to analyze the effect of product differentiation and product innovation on the competitive advantage of the Honda Beat Street motorcycle in Medan City. The research employed a quantitative method with an associative approach, involving 97 respondents who are users of Honda Beat Street. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using validity tests, reliability tests, multiple linear regression, t-tests, and F-tests. The results show that product differentiation has a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage, with durability emerging as the most dominant indicator. Product innovation also has a positive and significant effect, with product design being the highest-rated indicator. Simultaneously, both differentiation and innovation significantly influence competitive advantage, as indicated by an Adjusted R Square value of 59.1%. These findings indicate that Honda’s differentiation and innovation strategies play an important role in strengthening the competitive position of Honda Beat Street in the Medan market. The study suggests that the company should enhance stylistic elements, enrich product variations, and consistently improve innovation to maintain relevance and competitiveness.  

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in Indonesia's economic development, particularly in developing products based on local wisdom. Toko Jayabaru is an MSME that markets Maumere's signature souvenirs made from traditional ikat woven fabric, facing various challenges and opportunities amid business and tourism dynamics. This study aims to identify internal and external factors affecting Toko Jayabaru's performance and formulate appropriate business development strategies through SWOT analysis. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection through in-depth interviews with the owner and management of Toko Jayabaru. Data analysis uses the SWOT framework (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) to identify the business's strategic position and formulate alternative development strategies. Toko Jayabaru's main strengths lie in strong local cultural identity, authentic product quality, and adequate business experience. Weaknesses include limited digital marketing, restricted production capacity, and lack of derivative product variations. Opportunities encompass Flores tourism sector growth, increasing interest in local products, and potential strategic collaborations. Main threats are competition from similar products, influx of imitation products, and dependence on tourism sector fluctuations. Recommended development strategies include strengthening branding through storytelling, diversifying woven derivative products, optimizing digital marketing, strategic collaboration with tourism stakeholders, enhancing human resource capacity, and implementing customer loyalty programs. Implementation of these strategies is expected to increase MSME competitiveness while preserving Maumere's local culture.

This study aims to analyze the effect of product variation and store atmosphere on customer revisit intention at Kilat Kuphi, Jalan Garuda, Medan. A quantitative associative approach was applied by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents, and the data were analyzed using inferential statistics with SPSS. The results show that both product variation and store atmosphere have a positive and significant influence, either partially or simultaneously, on revisit intention. Product tangibility and interior display emerged as dominant indicators in shaping positive customer experiences. These findings highlight that continuous innovation in product offerings and store atmosphere management is crucial for enhancing customer loyalty and ensuring business sustainability. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of maintaining consistency in both product offerings and store ambiance to ensure that customers return. By focusing on these two key areas, businesses can foster long-term relationships with customers, increase brand loyalty, and ultimately enhance profitability. The implications of this study suggest that retailers, particularly in the competitive market of Medan, should prioritize not only product diversity but also the creation of a pleasant and immersive store environment to drive customer retention.

Islamic insurance (takaful) is a financial instrument that functions not only as risk protection but also as an investment tool based on sharia principles. So far, the most commonly applied tijarah contracts in Islamic insurance are limited to wakalah bil ujrah and mudharabah. In fact, the development of modern society’s needs requires the diversification of contracts so that the offered products become more varied and competitive. This study aims to analyze the potential optimization of other tijarah contracts, such as musyarakah, murabahah, ijarah, and istishna’, in the development of Islamic insurance products. The research method used is library research with a descriptive qualitative approach, which involves reviewing literature, journals, DSN-MUI fatwas, and related regulations. The findings indicate that the application of other tijarah contracts has the potential to enrich Islamic insurance product variations, enhance transparency in fund management, and strengthen the competitiveness of Islamic insurance compared to conventional insurance. Furthermore, the diversification of contracts can provide solutions to the limited and monotonous business models of Islamic insurance. However, several challenges arise, including the absence of specific regulations governing these contracts, limited public understanding, and technical complexities in implementation. This study recommends the active role of regulators, especially DSN-MUI and OJK, in formulating clearer regulations and encouraging Islamic insurance companies to innovate by applying diverse sharia-based contracts. Thus, the optimization of other tijarah contracts will not only strengthen the existence of Islamic insurance in Indonesia but also fulfill society’s demand for financial products that are halal, innovative, and competitive.

This study aims to determine the influence of independent variables, namely Promotion, Location, and Product Variation, on the dependent variable, Purchase Decision, at Seduhlur Coffee Kediri. The research method used is quantitative, employing multiple linear regression analysis with the assistance of SPSS version 26 software. The sampling technique applied in this study is incidental sampling, which involves selecting respondents who happen to be present and meet certain criteria at the time the research is conducted. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the Promotion variable has a positive and significant partial effect on Purchase Decision. This indicates that the better the promotional strategies carried out, the more likely consumers are to make a purchase. Similarly, the Location variable also shows a positive and significant partial influence, suggesting that the comfort and accessibility of Seduhlur Coffee’s location play an important role in influencing consumer decisions. Product Variation is also found to have a positive and significant partial effect on Purchase Decision, meaning that a greater variety of products offered increases the likelihood of attracting consumer interest. Simultaneously, all three variables — Promotion, Location, and Product Variation — have a significant and positive influence on Purchase Decision. This research is expected to provide useful input for Seduhlur Coffee Kediri in improving its marketing strategies and service quality to encourage and increase consumer purchasing decisions.

Panglipuran Traditional Village in Bali has gained international recognition as one of the cleanest tourist villages in the world and serves as a model for culture-based sustainable tourism. The economic foundation of the village relies heavily on the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) rooted in local wisdom, which simultaneously function as drivers of economic growth and instruments of cultural preservation. This study seeks to examine the management practices, marketing strategies, and challenges faced by MSMEs in Panglipuran Village. The research applied qualitative methods, including field observation, in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, documentation review, and descriptive analysis. The findings reveal a strong synergy between customary values and economic activities, reflected in flagship products such as bamboo handicrafts, traditional cuisine, and signature beverages. Success factors include an effective organizational structure, the support of customary institutions, and the ability to adopt adaptive marketing approaches. Nonetheless, several challenges were identified, including limited utilization of digital marketing platforms, constraints in production capacity, and insufficient product innovation to meet the demands of broader markets. Recommendations highlight the importance of strengthening online marketing, diversifying product variations, and expanding cooperative networks both within and beyond the village. Overall, the study underscores the significant potential of culture-based MSMEs to enhance community welfare, increase competitiveness, and ensure the sustainability of local traditions within the dynamics of modern tourism.

This study aims to explain and test hypotheses regarding the influence of customer experience and product variation on consumer purchase decisions at Mie Judes Sambi Kediri, with brand image as a mediating variable. This research uses an associative approach with a quantitative method. The sampling technique employed is purposive sampling, involving 100 respondents who are consumers of Mie Judes Sambi. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, documentation, and literature studies. The analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS), processed using SmartPLS version 4.1.1.2, which includes testing the outer model, inner model, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study indicate that customer experience and product variation have a positive and significant effect on brand image and purchase decisions. Brand image also has a significant influence on purchase decisions. Furthermore, brand image is proven to significantly mediate the influence of customer experience and product variation on purchase decisions. These findings affirm that enhancing customer experience and providing product variations that align with consumer preferences play a crucial role in building a strong brand image, which ultimately impacts consumer purchase decisions at Mie Judes Sambi Kediri.

MSMEs play a crucial role in the economy, yet many still struggle to adopt technology. This engagement aims to support the development of Toko Kue Aminah through digital marketing and product innovation. The activities were conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation during May 2025 in Oimbo Village. The results show that strategies such as utilizing Facebook and WhatsApp Business, adding product variations, and improving packaging and logo successfully enhanced the appeal and reach of the business. Furthermore, partnerships with local coffee shops have started to form, expanding product distribution. The synergy between digital marketing and product innovation has proven essential in boosting the business's competitiveness

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategy implemented by the Regional National Crafts Council (DEKRANASDA) in Samosir Regency in developing local craft products and enhancing their competitiveness. This research employs a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The findings reveal that DEKRANASDA has applied the elements of the marketing mix, including product, price, place, and promotion. However, several significant challenges persist, particularly in terms of limited promotional media and intense market competition. One major obstacle is the insufficient utilization of digital media as a marketing tool, which results in a limited market reach. Furthermore, product innovation needs to be improved to better align with consumer preferences and current market trends. Therefore, this study recommends that DEKRANASDA develop a digital-based marketing strategy, such as utilizing social media, e-commerce platforms, and an official website to enhance promotional reach. Additionally, innovation in design, raw materials, and product variations should be undertaken to attract consumers and compete in a broader market. This research provides important insights into the development of more effective marketing strategies to increase the income and competitiveness of craft products in Samosir Regency.

Agricultural tools are important for agrarian communities. However, for some people in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, very few people have businesses in the agricultural tools sector. In fact, this can be a promising business opportunity. Knowledge about making blacksmith agricultural tools is generally obtained from generation to generation. Some blacksmiths in Banyumas generally only produce agricultural tools such as kudi and work machetes, because the need for these tools never stops, is always needed by farmers or workers, and the equipment produced does not require high design, even tends to be monotonous because the main thing is its function as work equipment. That is why Science and Technology for the Community (IbM) was implemented at the Pandai Besi Kirso production house on November 6, 2025, as a method of increasing production. IbM was continued with training in techniques for selecting raw materials, making potions that can improve the quality of iron, and making a variety of new products with high quality both in terms of strength and aesthetics. It was identified that agricultural tool craftsmen generally (1) Have limitations in equipment, (2) Lack expertise in metal blending, (3) Lack of innovative product variations, not only quality but also unique ethnic ones and (4) Low management quality. The implementation of IbM is expected to be able to minimize the problems of agricultural tool craftsmen's businesses, so that the blacksmith craftsmen's community businesses can develop and have a positive impact on the existence of MSMEs in Banyumas Regency.

The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the income of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia, prompting business actors to adapt through innovation, particularly in  product variations. This study aims to enhance the marketability of "Nadhira" Tempe Chips products through strategies of adding flavor variations. The methods employed include interviews, discussions, and hands-on practices in product processing. The results indicate that the implementation of attractive lthe addition of flavor variations can enhance product appeal and increase sales turnover. Business actors also demonstrated a better understanding of the importance of product innovation. The implications of this research highlight the necessity for continuous innovation and market research to maintain product relevance amid changing consumer preferences, as well as providing insights for other MSMEs in  similar challenges in the future.

This research is motivated by the low number of sales of typical food products in Dua Koto District, which is caused by the lack of promotion and innovation of products. The purpose of this research is to analyse the right strategy to increase product sales in the future. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the most effective strategy is the ST strategy, which utilises existing strengths to overcome various threats that arise. This strategy includes increasing promotions, product innovation, and improving service quality to make products more competitive in the market. With the implementation of this strategy, it is expected that managers and sellers of typical food products can be more active in promoting their products, both through social media and direct marketing. In addition, innovations in packaging and product variations also need to be considered in order to attract more consumers. If this strategy is implemented optimally, it is expected that the number of sales of typical food products in Kecamatan Dua Koto will increase significantly in the future.

This research aims to find out whether purchasing decisions can influence product variety and customer trust in customer loyalty to SEVENTEEN's K-Pop album. The method used in this research is quantitative. The sample used was 100 respondents and focused only on the SEVENTEEN fanbase. The sampling technique uses Purposive Sampling technique. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses the SmartPLS 4.0 software statistical method. The results of this research show that there are variables that influence each other, as in the following brief explanation: 1). Product variations do not have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, 2). Customer Trust has a positive and significant effect on Purchasing Decisions, 3). Product variety has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, 4). Customer Trust has a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty, 5). Purchasing Decisions have a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty, 6). Purchasing Decisions are not able to fully mediate Product Variations on Customer Loyalty, 7). Purchasing Decisions are able to fully mediate Customer Trust towards Customer Loyalty.    

Customer loyalty is a key aspect for the success and desirability of a retail business. Product variations can be an effective approach to increasing customer loyalty. However, in-depth understanding of various product strategies that can increase customer loyalty is still limited. The aim of this research is to explore and understand the variations in product strategies that can be implemented by Palapa Toserba to increase customer loyalty. This research uses a qualitative approach, data is collected through interviews with customers and observation. The results of this research can increase customer loyalty. This research provides valuable insight for Palapa Toserba Wadung Asri and other retail companies in implementing effective product variety strategies to increase customer loyalty    

This research aims to determine the influence of features, product variations and ease of transactions on mobile banking user satisfaction at sharia banking financial institutions in Jambi City. This research used a quantitative approach which was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 112 Mobile Banking users in Jambi City. The methods used in this research are instrument tests (validity and reliability tests), classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity tests) and multiple liner analysis along with statistical tests (t test, F test and R2 Determination Coefficient). The results of this research show that features have a positive and significant effect on user satisfaction which can be determined using the t test with a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05 and a value of tcount > ttable, namely 3.426 > 0.198217. Product variations have a positive and significant effect on user satisfaction as evidenced by the significance value of 0.001 < 0.05 and the tcount > ttable value, namely 3.577 > 0.198217. ease of transactions has a positive and significant effect on user satisfaction which can be seen with a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05 and a value of tcount > ttable, namely 3.385 > 0.198217. Simultaneously, features, product variations and ease of transactions have a positive and significant effect on mobile banking user satisfaction at sharia banking financial institutions which can be seen from the F test, namely fcount > ftable or 40.058 > 2.69 and the resulting significance value is 0.000 < 0.005. The determinant coefficient value is 0.514 or 51.4% and the remaining 0.486 or 48.6% can be explained by other variables outside this research.    

Instant noodles have various brands with several innovations and their own characteristics that can attract the attention of consumers and fans. This creates tight competition for business people to maintain market share. This research aims to determine the influence of product variations and prices simultaneously on the decision to purchase MIE GAGA 100. The influence of product variations and prices partially on the decision to purchase MIE GAGA 100. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a research sample of 100 MIE consumers GAGA in Tasikmalaya City. Sampling used purposive sampling and the analysis method used was multiple linear regression. Based on research results, product variations are classified as good, prices are classified as very good and purchasing decisions are classified as good. The test results show that product variations and prices perception simultaneously have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. Product variations partially have a significant effect on purchasing decisions and prices perception  partially have a significant effect on purchasing decisions.

This research aims to determine strategies for maintaining customer value, satisfaction and loyalty towards Hannochs brand lamps carried out by several Hannochs distributors in Tembung. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with Hannochs customers at one of the Hannochs distributor shops in Tembung. Data collection methods are participatory observation and interviews. The results of the research show that consumer loyalty, consumer satisfaction with the quality of Hannochs lighting products are met with durability, product guarantees and various product variations so that consumer needs and desires are met, in several shops the service quality of Hannochs distributor shops also meets customer satisfaction with friendly service, respond quickly, and help resolve consumer problems in using the product.

This research aims to determine the influence of product variation (X1), price (X2) and taste (X3) variables on consumer loyalty (Y) in Tahu Sadis Joyoboyo, Kediri City. This type of research is quantitative research. The data collection techniques used are primary data and secondary data. The sample selection used the saturated sampling method, the number of samples in the research was 85 respondents from Tahu Sadis Joyoboyo, Kediri City. This research data was obtained through questionnaires, interviews and literature studies. The analysis techniques used are Validity Test, Reliability Test, Classical Assumption Test, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, T Test, F Test and Coefficient of Determination Test.The results of the research obtained the multiple linear regression equation Y= -4.748 + 0.470X1 + 0.283X2 + 0.569X3 and the results of the t test for product variation, price and taste variables had a partially significant effect on consumer loyalty with sig < 0.05. The F test results obtained Fcount results with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. From the results of the analysis it can be concluded that product variety, price and taste have a simultaneous and significant effect on consumer loyalty to Tahu Sadis Joyoboyo Kediri.

This research aims to determine the influence of customer value and product variety on Soehendar Coffee customer satisfaction. Data collection techniques use observation, questionnaires and literature study. The sample in this study was 30 respondents with the sampling technique being purposive sampling, namely customers who had purchased Soehendar Coffee products at least once. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that partially, neither customer value nor product variety have a significant influence on Soehendar Coffee customer satisfaction. Simultaneously, customer value and product variety have a significant influence on Soehendar Coffee customer satisfaction.

This study aims to determine the effect of product variations on consumer satisfaction Ramai Semarang Store. Inferential level research type. The population in this study are all consumers who shop at Ramai Semarang Store. The sampling technique used the accidental sampling method with a total sample of 100 people obtained using the Lemeshaw formula. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression. The results of this study indicate that product variations have a positive effect on consumer satisfaction at Ramai Semarang Store. Product quality has a positive effect on consumer satisfaction at Ramai Semarang Store. Service quality has a positive effect on consumer satisfaction at Ramai Semarang Store. Testing the feasibility of the model obtained product variations, product quality, and service quality simultaneously affect consumer satisfaction Ramai Semarang Store.