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This study is motivated by the author’s interest in the concept of God’s faithfulness (khesed) as revealed in the book of Hosea, which portrays God’s steadfast love through the marriage of Hosea and Gomer. Gomer represents Israel, the unfaithful spouse, while Hosea embodies God’s enduring love despite betrayal. Contemporary family life faces numerous challenges, including infidelity, economic hardship, incompatibility, and divorce problems also affecting Christian families in the Toraja Church congregation of Tabang. This study aims to describe the hermeneutics of khesed in the book of Hosea and its practical theological implications for families in that congregation. A qualitative research method was employed, incorporating library research, field research, and interviews with six informants. The findings reveal that khesed refers to an act of faithfulness rooted in obedience to previously agreed vows, commitments, and principles. The practical theological implication is that every Christian family is called to reflect God’s faithfulness by remaining loyal to their spouse, to others, and to God in every dimension of life.

This study examines the foundational framework and evolving dynamics of Indonesian civil procedural law (Hukum Acara Perdata) amid its transformation from colonial legal heritage toward a modern, digitalized justice system. Using normative-doctrinal legal research methodology combined with empirical court statistics from 2022–2024, the study analyzes four dimensions: (1) core procedural principles rooted in the HIR and RBg; (2) the mandatory mediation framework under PERMA No. 1 of 2016; (3) the evolution of evidence law toward electronic evidence under the amended UU ITE (Law No. 1 of 2024); and (4) mechanisms of judicial decisions and legal remedies. Findings show that e-court implementation has dramatically increased efficiency minutasi productivity rose from 64.35% (2022) to 96.50% (2024)—while 594,816 users registered through e-court by 2023. The study concludes that Indonesia’s civil procedural law is actively adapting to technological disruption, though structural challenges such as digital inequality, electronic evidence authentication gaps, and regulatory harmonization remain unresolved.

Gorontalo Province possesses significant mineral resource potential, particularly gold, silver, and copper, positioning the mining sector as a key driver of regional economic growth. However, a shortage of skilled local labor and the scarcity of vocational educational institutions in the mining field severely hamper human resource development in this sector. This study aims to design a Mining Polytechnic Campus in Gorontalo by applying sustainable architecture principles, encompassing energy efficiency, environmentally friendly materials, sound wastewater management, and user comfort. The research approach involves literature studies, field observations, interviews with relevant stakeholders, and quantitative data analysis regarding resource potential, the number of senior high school students, and educational space requirements. The design results emphasize site arrangement, building mass configuration, utility systems, and interior and exterior spaces that support academic, social, and community activities. The application of sustainable architecture principles is expected to create a campus that not only meets the needs of mining vocational education but also contributes to environmental conservation and sustainable regional development.

Introduction: Ramadan fasting is a religious practice observed by Muslims by abstaining from food and drink from dawn until sunset. These changes may increase the need for oral and dental healthcare. However, some Muslims still perceive that undergoing dental treatment while fasting may invalidate the fast, leading many patients to delay or avoid dental visits during Ramadan. Objective: This study aims to review and analyse various scientific literature regarding the safety and permissibility of dental procedures for patients who are observing fasting during Ramadan. Methods: This study used a narrative review method by searching scientific articles through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases using keywords relevant to the research topic. Articles were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The review findings indicate that most dental procedures, such as local anaesthesia administration, scaling, restorative treatment, and tooth extraction, generally do not invalidate fasting as long as no material or fluid is intentionally swallowed. The use of suction devices, isolation of the treatment area, and proper scheduling of dental procedures are important factors in minimizing the risk of swallowing fluids during treatment. Conclusion: Most dental procedures can be safely performed on fasting patients while still considering both medical aspects and Islamic principles. Patient education regarding the safety of dental procedures during fasting should be improved to prevent delays in treatment and complications in oral health.

The high volume of fishery waste often poses an environmental burden if not managed appropriately. Conversely, the circular economy concept offers sustainable solutions aligned with Maqasid Shariah principles in environmental preservation (Hifz al-Alam). This study aims to educate and implement the processing of fish waste into high-quality animal feed that meets halal standards (halalan thayyiban). This research employs a qualitative approach using the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) method. The stages include socializing the concept of Sharia circular economy, technical training on waste processing, and nutritional content testing of the feed. The findings indicate an 80% increase in community understanding regarding the economic value of waste. Technically, the fish waste processing successfully produced an alternative animal feed with high protein content, free from najis (impurity) through a purification process according to Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). This education proves that the integration of circular economy and Sharia principles not only reduces environmental impact but also creates sustainable economic added value for local communities.

The high volume of fishery waste often poses an environmental burden if not managed appropriately. Conversely, the circular economy concept offers sustainable solutions aligned with Maqasid Shariah principles in environmental preservation (Hifz al-Alam). This study aims to educate and implement the processing of fish waste into high-quality animal feed that meets halal standards (halalan thayyiban). This research employs a qualitative approach using the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) method. The stages include socializing the concept of Sharia circular economy, technical training on waste processing, and nutritional content testing of the feed. The findings indicate an 80% increase in community understanding regarding the economic value of waste. Technically, the fish waste processing successfully produced an alternative animal feed with high protein content, free from najis (impurity) through a purification process according to Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). This education proves that the integration of circular economy and Sharia principles not only reduces environmental impact but also creates sustainable economic added value for local communities.

Inclusive education aims to provide equal learning opportunities for all students, including those with special needs, within regular educational settings. However, mathematics learning in inclusive classrooms remains challenging because mathematical concepts are often abstract and require logical reasoning that may not be easily accessible to learners with diverse cognitive characteristics. Ethnomathematics has emerged as an alternative approach by integrating cultural practices, local wisdom, and students’ daily experiences into mathematics instruction, creating more meaningful and accessible learning environments. This study aims to analyze the development, implementation patterns, opportunities, and research gaps related to ethnomathematics in inclusive mathematics learning. A literature review method was employed by examining scientific publications from 2020–2025 obtained from Google Scholar, Scopus, ERIC, Springer, and ProQuest databases. Data were analyzed through content analysis involving reduction, classification, interpretation, and synthesis. The findings indicate that ethnomathematics has been implemented through cultural artifacts, digital teaching materials, and project-based contextual learning. The approach supports inclusive learning through multi-representational access, instructional adaptations, scaffolding strategies, and collaborative teaching practices aligned with Universal Design for Learning principles. Furthermore, ethnomathematics enhances students’ motivation, conceptual understanding, mathematical literacy, and cultural identity. Nevertheless, studies focusing on disability-specific adaptations and long-term learning outcomes remain limited and require further investigation.

This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the legal reasoning used by judges in the Administrative Court (PTUN) in annulling State Administrative Decisions (KTUN), as well as to examine the legal implications for the parties involved and the overall system of government administration. This research employs a normative juridical method with three approaches: statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The analysis was conducted qualitatively by studying reference books and reviewing court decisions. The study shows that the annulment of KTUN by PTUN judges is based on three important factors, namely lack of authority (ultra vires), procedural defects, and substantive defects in the decision. In addition, violations of the General Principles of Good Governance (AUPB), such as the principles of legal certainty, prudence, and proportionality, also constitute important considerations for judges. In the judicial process, judges not only consider the formal aspects of the law, but also take into account substantive justice in order to protect citizens’ rights from improper governmental actions. The implications of the annulment of KTUN include the restoration of the plaintiff’s rights through the process of restitutio in integrum, the obligation of administrative officials to revoke or correct the issued decision, as well as the potential impact on third parties involved in the decision. In general, the annulment of KTUN serves as a legal control mechanism over government administration while also encouraging the realization of good and transparent governance within a state governed by the rule of law.

This study aims to examine the position of Pancasila as a grundnorm within the Indonesian constitutional system and the role of Islamic Religious Education as an ethical foundation in strengthening constitutional principles from the perspective of Islamic sociological legal theory. The methodology employed is a qualitative approach using library research, involving the analysis of various relevant literature sources. The findings indicate that Pancasila plays a fundamental role in the Indonesian legal system, serving as the highest norm in the hierarchy of laws, while also functioning as an ethical guideline in the life of the nation and the state. Islamic Religious Education plays a significant role in shaping the moral constitution through the understanding of values such as honesty, justice, responsibility, and trustworthiness, in line with the principles of Pancasila. The integration of Pancasila values and Islamic teachings, viewed through the lens of sociological law, demonstrates that effective law is not merely normative but also responsive to social realities. Therefore, Islamic sociological legal theory can strengthen the Indonesian constitutional system through the integration of normative, moral, and sociological values, resulting in a more responsive, just, and contextually relevant legal system.

This article examines the dialogue between John Calvin’s educational thought and the Merdeka Curriculum within the context of Christian Religious Education (PAK) in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative-comparative approach with descriptive analysis, this study traces the points of convergence and tension between Calvin’s educational principles particularly the concept of imago Dei, holistic education, and the God-centered purpose of education and the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum such as flexibility, differentiated learning, and the Profil Pelajar Pancasila (Pancasila Student Profile). The analysis reveals significant convergence in terms of respect for the potential and uniqueness of learners, holistic educational orientation, and the role of teachers as facilitators and character formers. However, fundamental tensions also exist regarding Calvin’s theocentric theological foundation vis-à-vis the secular Pancasila foundation, the concept of discipline and authority versus student freedom, and the ultimate goal of education glorifying God versus forming the Pancasila Student Profile. Based on these findings, this article offers practical recommendations for PAK curriculum design based on the Merdeka Curriculum, a Kingdom of God-nuanced project-based learning approach, holistic assessment, and Christian character formation within the Profil Pelajar Pancasila framework. This research contributes to filling the gap in studies that dialogue the Reformed theological tradition with contemporary Indonesian national education policy.

This study explores the acceptance of the Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) at SD Inpres Gere through William of Ockham's negative rights framework, focusing on freedom from external interference. As a positive rights policy (the right to services), the MBG has the potential to conflict with the principles of individual subjective rights (negative rights). Ockham emphasized that every individual has a personal sovereignty that must be free from interference from external authorities. Using qualitative research methods through literature studies and interviews, this article analyzes the risk of standardizing consumption that can reduce individual autonomy in determining their private needs. The analysis shows that although the MBG has a noble aim to fulfill the right to life, its implementation risks becoming a form of state paternalism that harms citizens' negative freedoms if not accompanied by strict limits on power. This paper concludes that to align with Ockham's principle of individual subjective rights, the MBG program must continue to respect the private space and diversity of individual choices without creating dependency that erodes the sovereignty of legal subjects.

To address the negative impacts of teenage romantic relationships on peer dynamics and academic achievement at SMP Negeri 5 Sipahutar, school authorities implemented a regulation prohibiting dating, in line with Pancasila character education principles. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of this policy on fostering positive social behavior among ninth-grade students. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach and involved 81 students as respondents. Data were collected using a four-level multiple-choice agreement questionnaire consisting of ten items. The analysis results showed a total score of 2707, a mean score of 33.42, a standard deviation of 4.8, and an average scale score of 3.34. The findings revealed that 78.2% of students agreed that the regulation encouraged peer cooperation, improved discipline in obeying school rules, and supported effective group learning. In addition, the policy appeared to contribute to a more positive school environment by reducing distractions associated with adolescent dating behavior. These findings indicate that school-based regulations can play an important role in shaping adolescent character and social behavior based on national values. Therefore, such policies may serve as an effective preventive strategy for educational institutions that aim to strengthen character education and promote responsible student conduct.

This research is based on the importance of studying Malay-Jawi religious manuscripts as a source of transmission of Islamic teachings in the archipelago, particularly in the field of monotheism. The study aims to examine the textual content of Jawi manuscripts containing the treatise of monotheism, especially the concept of the sentence of monotheism and the attributes of twenty, and to explain their position in the intellectual tradition of Malay Islam. The research employs This research is based on the importance of studying Malay-Jawi religious manuscripts as a source of transmission of Islamic teachings in the archipelago, particularly in the field of monotheism. The study aims to examine the textual content of Jawi manuscripts containing the treatise of monotheism, especially the concept of the sentence of monotheism and the attributes of twenty, and to explain their position in the intellectual tradition of Malay Islam. The research employs a qualitative method with a philological approach and content analysis. Primary data consist of Jawi manuscripts, while secondary data are obtained through library research. Data were collected through documentation and literature review and analyzed descriptively. The findings reveal that the manuscripts contain systematically arranged monotheistic teachings, including the meaning of lā ilāha illa Allāh through the principles of negation and affirmation, as well as the concept of faith involving the heart, speech, and actions. The manuscripts also explain the twenty attributes within the classifications of nafsiyah, salbiyah, ma‘ani, and ma‘nawiyah, reflecting the theological framework of Ahlussunnah wal Jama‘ah. These manuscripts function as both religious texts and pedagogical media, highlighting the importance of preserving Nusantara Islamic manuscripts as part of the region’s intellectual heritage.

Blood is a major component of the homeostatic system that plays an essential role in maintaining the physiological balance of the body. Several blood chemistry parameters, including blood glucose, cholesterol, and blood pH levels, can be used to assess an individual's health condition. Blood glucose is derived from carbohydrate metabolism and serves as the body's primary energy source. Cholesterol is a lipid compound involved in cell membrane formation and hormone synthesis and consists of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Blood pH measurement is used to determine the degree of acidity or alkalinity of the blood, reflecting the body's acid-base balance. This study aims to interpret the results of blood chemical analyses and understand the principles and methods used to determine blood glucose, cholesterol, and pH levels. The research employed a laboratory experimental method by measuring these parameters using blood chemistry testing equipment on blood samples. The results showed that fasting blood glucose was 97 mg/dL, indicating a normal glucose level. In contrast, non-fasting blood glucose was 61 mg/dL, which was below the normal range and indicated hypoglycemia. Blood cholesterol was measured at 139 mg/dL, which remained within the normal range. The blood pH value was 6, indicating a condition of acidosis. These findings highlight the importance of blood chemistry examinations as indicators for evaluating metabolic conditions and overall health status.

The quick advancement of digital technology has drastically changed the social and religious life of Indonesian teenagers. The purpose of this study is to investigate how pupils at Al Muslim Junior High School's daily worship practices, self-control, and fear of missing out (FoMO) affect the principles of Islamic Religious Education (PAI). The study used a quantitative methodology with a causal and correlational design. All students in grades VII, VIII, and IX made up the study population for the 2025–2026 school year. Using the Slovin formula, a proportionate stratified sample of 171 students with a 5% margin of error was chosen. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to gather data. The Pearson Product-Moment correlation (r > 0.30) was used to evaluate validity, while Cronbach's Alpha (α > 0.70) was used to test reliability. Multiple linear regression using SPSS version 26 was used for quantitative analysis, beginning with traditional assumption tests for heteroscedasticity (Glejser), multicollinearity (VIF), and normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov). According to the analysis results, self-control had a substantial, favorable impact on the practice of PAI values, but FoMO had no significant influence (β = -0.034, p = 0.530).

This journal critically examines the process of harmonizing Pancasila values and Islamic principles within the development of the Citizenship Education (PKn) curriculum in Indonesia. The study aims to understand how the integration of these two values can strengthen national character, enhance tolerance, and enrich the learning process at elementary and secondary school levels. The methodology used is a literature review, analyzing various academic sources, curriculum documents, and theoretical studies related to the harmonization of national and religious values. The findings indicate that applying the principle of harmonization can improve students’ understanding of Pancasila and Islamic values simultaneously, as well as foster mutual respect and appreciation for Indonesia’s cultural and religious diversity. These results underscore the importance of incorporating these values into the PKn curriculum as a strategic effort to build a nation grounded in spiritual, nationalist, and tolerant values. Additionally, this research offers recommendations for developing a more inclusive and harmonious curriculum to create a tolerant, civil, and respectful society.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of public services at the Samarinda Public Service Mall in realizing the principles of good governance. The methods used in this study are observation and direct interviews with agencies and community service users. Interviews were conducted with the Head of General Affairs and Personnel at the Samarinda City Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Office and several community members who were processing administrative matters at the Samarinda MPP. The observation results indicate that the quality of service at the Samarinda MPP is classified as very good. Service staff and security personnel appear friendly, communicative, and responsive in assisting the community. The available service facilities are also quite complete and comfortable, thus supporting a more effective and organized public service process. The interview results indicate that the community is very satisfied with the services provided, both in terms of speed of service, ease of obtaining information, comfort of facilities, and the attitude of staff in assisting the community. In addition, services at the Samarinda MPP have implemented several principles of good governance such as effectiveness, efficiency, responsiveness, transparency, and equality of service. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that public services at the Samarinda MPP have been running well and are able to provide effective, humanistic services, and are oriented towards public satisfaction.

The rapid development of globalization has significantly influenced modern education systems, requiring not only the advancement of knowledge but also the strengthening of moral and spiritual values. This study aims to analyze the integration of Islamic values within modern education systems in the era of globalization. The research employs a qualitative approach with a library research method, utilizing various academic sources such as books, journals, and relevant documents. Data are collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using content analysis to interpret and synthesize existing theories and findings. The results indicate that the integration of Islamic values can be effectively implemented through curriculum development, teaching methods, digital technology utilization, and the role of educators as value transmitters. Furthermore, the study reveals that a holistic and systematic integration approach is essential to balance intellectual, emotional, and spiritual development in learners. The implications of this research highlight the importance of developing an integrative education model that aligns Islamic principles with modern scientific and technological advancements, in order to produce individuals who are not only academically competent but also possess strong moral character in facing global challenges.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal responsibility by goat farmers in managing waste from Etawa goat farming based on a circular economy model at Nusantara Farm, Sidoarjo. The study employs both normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches, with data collection techniques including literature review, interviews, and field observations.The results indicate that waste management is carried out through direct utilization, such as using livestock manure as organic fertilizer, selling waste, and distributing it to the surrounding community. These practices demonstrate that waste is not disposed of carelessly but rather reused, thereby creating economic and functional value.From a legal perspective, this condition reflects the fulfillment of the farmers' responsibilities in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, particularly in efforts to prevent environmental pollution. Furthermore, these waste management practices partially embody the principles of the circular economy, especially in terms of reuse.However, the current waste management practices remain conventional and are not yet optimally integrated. Therefore, there is a need to develop a waste management model based on an integrated closed-loop system to enhance the economic value of waste while ensuring more effective environmental sustainability.

This study aims to examine the role of information technology (IT) professional ethics as a preventive instrument in facing the escalation of cyber crime in Indonesia. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with the PRISMA protocol, 17 selected scientific literature from the 2020-2026 period were analyzed comprehensively. The results of the study indicate that dominant operating modes such as ransomware on national infrastructure and mass data breaches in the banking and health sectors are rooted in the neglect of integrity and accountability principles. The discussion in this study confirms that the application of professional ethics based on the PAPA (Privacy, Accuracy, Property, Accessibility) framework is able to suppress the risk of internal threats and strengthen digital defense. The conclusion of the study shows that the synergy between the 2024 ITE Law regulations and the internalization of the professional code of ethics is the main key to data sovereignty in the digital era. The practical implications of this research recommend strengthening the ethics curriculum in IT higher education and ethical compliance audits in the public sector.