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The integration of Islamic education into a nation’s educational system represents a strategic effort to align religious and national educational objectives under a unified policy framework. In many Muslim-majority countries, the responsibility for managing Islamic education is delegated to local governments as part of a broader national consensus involving various educational stakeholders. This arrangement, however, often raises tensions because education policy is inherently a political decision influenced by state interests and ideological considerations. The process of incorporating Islamic education within the national system reflects the dynamic interplay between religion and politics, where Islamic education both shapes and is shaped by political structures. This study explores how political power affects the development, autonomy, and implementation of Islamic education policies. The objective is to highlight the challenges of maintaining educational freedom and religious authenticity while ensuring state oversight and quality assurance. The findings emphasize that a deep understanding of educational politics enables Muslim educators and policymakers to advocate for Islamic education that aligns with Islamic principles yet remains relevant within the national educational framework. Therefore, the balance between state control and institutional independence is essential in realizing the holistic goals of Islamic education in contemporary society.

The objective this study is to analyze the implementation of Bandung Barat Regency Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2018 about the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) originating from Bandung Barat Regency referring to the Hill and Hupe's theory of Policy Implementation. This matters all the more since the migrant worker-related cases that garner the highest volume if not interest–like illegal, clandestine worker departures, back wages, and exploitation–reflect the lack of protection systems, the unmet obligation towards the respect of individual rights and human dignity. This qualitative case study reveals key factors influencing policy implementation — low levels of socialization and knowledge about the regulation among migrant workers, absence of inter-agency coordination and poor resources for monitoring and enforcement In addition, it builds upon the variables presented by Hill and Hupe in order to present a more integrated analysis of the implementation process of the policy. These results highlight failures in the system, including the lack of inter- agency cross country collaboration and low resource allocation toward the functions that protect PMI. In light of this, the study makes a range of recommendations including for better policy socialization, improved inter-agency coordination and enforcement, and strengthening resourcing and legal compliance capabilities. Practical implications This study advances the theory of public administration and provides practical insights for policymakers, particularly for strengthening the protection of Indonesian migrant workers in an effective manner.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the fulfillment of socio-economic rights of the community in Rote Ndao Regency, as one of the underdeveloped regions in Indonesia, and to identify the obstacles faced by the local government in its efforts to fulfill them. Socio-economic rights, such as access to education, health, employment, and public services, are part of the human rights guaranteed by the constitution. However, their implementation often encounters various obstacles in areas with less developed socio-economic conditions. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, document studies, and field observations. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of socio-economic rights in Rote Ndao Regency is still not optimal. This can be seen from the low level of community access to educational facilities, health services, and basic infrastructure. On the other hand, the local government faces a number of significant obstacles, such as budget constraints, lack of adequate infrastructure, low quality of human resources, geographical barriers, and weak coordination between agencies. As a solution, this study recommends increasing budget allocations for priority sectors, developing basic infrastructure, improving the quality of human resources through education and training, and strengthening cross-sectoral coordination. In addition, active community involvement in the planning and implementation of development programs is also very important to improve the effectiveness of policies. The results of this study are expected to contribute to local governments and other stakeholders in formulating more effective strategies to accelerate the fulfillment of people's socio-economic rights, while improving the quality of life in Rote Ndao Regency.

The 21st century has witnessed a rapid digital transformation in global education, reshaping traditional learning paradigms and creating new opportunities and challenges. This study explores the impact of digitalization on educational accessibility, teaching methodologies, and student engagement. The research employs a qualitative approach, analyzing current trends, technological advancements, and policy implementations in various educational systems. The findings highlight the benefits of digital transformation, such as increased accessibility, personalized learning experiences, and the integration of artificial intelligence in education. However, challenges such as the digital divide, cybersecurity concerns, and the need for teacher training persist. The study underscores the importance of strategic policies and investment in digital infrastructure to ensure equitable and effective educational transformation worldwide.

Teacher certification is carried out through the Teacher Professional Education Program (PPG) which is organized by universities determined by the Minister. However, in its implementation there are still problems, including a lack of socialization regarding in-service teacher certification policies and complex teacher certification procedures and limited quotas. The purpose of this research is to determine the implementation of the Teacher Certification Policy in South Tangerang City. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection methods were carried out by interviews, observation and documentation. The theory used in this research is the Implementation Model according to Charles O Jones which consists of Organization, Interpretation and Application. The results of this research explain that the organizational indicators related to resources are that the implementation of this policy has not run optimally, there is a lack of training and coaching for implementing staff.  The interpretation of the implementation of the teacher certification policy has provided clarity regarding the goals and objectives of all parties involved in implementing the policy. The implementation of this policy is going well, the Government provides the SIMPKB platform which contains complete information about PPG for pursuing an educator certificate.

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of advertising policy in Kuantan Singingi Regency using qualitative methods and a phenomenological approach. The policy evaluation theory used is William N. Dunn's model, which emphasizes six success criteria, namely effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness and accuracy. Data was collected through interviews, observation and documentation, and analyzed using interactive data analysis. The research results show that advertising policies have not been fully effective in achieving the expected goals, such as increasing regional income and arranging the aesthetics of the city. Findings indicate the existence of illegal advertisements that hinder tax revenues and public dissatisfaction with the government's response to their complaints. Even though the resource structure is in place, implementor skills need to be improved to achieve better efficiency. Licensing and supervision procedures are also considered inadequate, and policies do not provide equal opportunities for all business actors, especially small businesses. This research provides recommendations for improving future policy implementation, with the hope of increasing effectiveness and responsiveness to community needs.

This study analyzes the evaluation of stunting reduction policies in Kuantan Singingi Regency, Indonesia, using William N. Dunn's policy evaluation theory. Stunting is a serious nutritional problem that impacts children's growth and development, especially in the first 1000 days of life. Although there has been a decrease in stunting prevalence in Riau Province, Kuantan Singingi Regency experienced an increase in stunting rates from 17.8% in 2022 to 23% in 2023, making it the highest in the province. The evaluation was conducted based on five criteria: effectiveness, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy. The results showed that despite significant efforts in policy implementation, the target for reducing stunting prevalence has not been achieved, with communication between officers and the community still lacking. There is a shortage of skilled personnel and funds, and unequal access to health services. The policy provides a clear framework, but information about the program is still lacking in the community. The assumptions underlying the policy are quite strong, and positive impacts are starting to be seen, but challenges such as lack of training for officers remain. Overall, despite progress, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed to achieve the goal of reducing stunting effectively.

The This research aims to determine and describe policy management strategies to improve public services, with a focus on community participation and policy evaluation. Increasing public expectations for fast, transparent and efficient services encourages the government to develop adaptive and innovative policies. This study uses qualitative methods to explore policy implementation in various regions. The research results show that the use of information technology has accelerated the service process and increased transparency, even though there are challenges with infrastructure gaps in several areas. In addition, active community participation in the policy-making process contributes to increasing the legitimacy and effectiveness of the policies implemented. However, unstructured policy evaluation is still an obstacle in assessing the success of public service programs. Therefore, it is important for the government to continue to innovate and adapt policies based on global changes, such as pandemics and environmental issues, to ensure more responsive and relevant public services in the future.

This research is motivated by the lack of optimal implementation of wages in accordance with the basic minimum wage in Tasikmalaya City. The problem that was found was the lack of information about the amount of the City Minimum Wage that the company must provide to employees. The purpose of this study is to find out how the implementation of the Governor of West Java Regulation regarding the determination of the provincial minimum wage and the city minimum wage, and then the researcher also wants to know the extent of the policies of the Tasikmalaya City Government, especially the Tasikmalaya City Manpower Office, in realizing Law N0 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data obtained was carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. The theory used in the analysis is the Van Metter and Van Horn Theory which consists of several indicators, namely: a) Policy Standards; b) Resources; c) Relations between Organizations; d) Characteristics of the implementing agent; e) Economic, social and political environmental conditions; f) the disposition of the executor. The results of the study show that policy standards and objectives have not felt a significant impact from existing regulations. Then human resources, budget, and materials at the Tasikmalaya City Manpower Office have not run optimally. Relations between organizations have gone quite well. The characteristics of the implementer have not been properly implemented, especially to the labor union. The disposition of the implementer has carried out programs that have referred to the needs of wages in the lake city, but there needs to be realistic and preventive measures taken in an effort to socialize wages and employment. Likewise, economic, social and political conditions that are quite supportive of the implementation of wages where the lake area itself has supporting human resources and natural resources.

Legal politics is one of the central concepts in the legal system which is closely related to state policy in the formation, application and change of law. This article examines the role of legal politics in legal reform in Indonesia post-1998 reform, with a focus on the challenges faced in implementing legal policies as well as evaluating the effectiveness of the changes that have been made. This research uses a qualitative approach with analytical descriptive methods, which aims to describe how legal politics can be an instrument that determines the direction and substance of legal reform in Indonesia. The results of this research show that although there has been progress in legal reform, major challenges still exist, especially related to the implementation of legal policies which are influenced by political dynamics which do not always support the creation of an effective and just legal system.

This research discusses how Indonesia can integrate Pancasila values in anti-terrorism policies, amidst international pressure which often leads to harsher approaches based on the standards of Western countries. An approach that prioritizes security can conflict with Pancasila principles, such as respect for human rights and social justice. Pancasila as the basic ideology of the state emphasizes the importance of balance between individual rights and the interests of society. In facing the threat of terrorism, Indonesia needs to adopt policies that not only strictly enforce the law, but also prioritize prevention through education, community empowerment and strengthening human values. This research aims to analyze how Pancasila values are implemented in Indonesia's anti-terrorism policy and the challenges that arise in harmonization with international norms. Globalization and technological developments pose new challenges in the spread of radical ideology, so policies are needed that are responsive but still based on Pancasila. Indonesia's anti- terrorism legal policy must be able to balance tough law enforcement with a humanist and dialogical approach, in line with the spirit of Pancasila which upholds just and civilized humanity. It is hoped that this research can contribute to more humane and effective policies.

This study examines the legal protection for stateless persons within the framework of citizenship and human rights. The focus is on assessing the effectiveness of international legal frameworks and national policies in safeguarding the fundamental rights of individuals without citizenship. The research employs a qualitative analysis of key legal instruments, including the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, alongside case studies of policy implementation across various countries. The findings reveal that, despite a robust international legal framework, there are significant gaps in implementation and enforcement, leading to ongoing discrimination and human rights violations against stateless persons. The study recommends comprehensive policy reforms and enhanced international cooperation to improve legal protection for this vulnerable group.

Policy implementation is the process of running, implementing and pursuing policy decisions and their alternatives that have been decided in the hope of obtaining a result that is in accordance with the goals or objectives of a policy. This study aims to find out how the implementation of the online payment and payment system policy for hotel and restaurant taxes in increasing the original income of the North Central Timor Regency. This study uses a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. The results of this study show that. The communication indicators carried out by the Regional Revenue Agency have been carried out in two stages directly and accepted by restaurant taxpayers while for hotels it has not been implemented, so it can be said that this policy has not been fully implemented. Then the indicators of resources in the Regional Revenue Agency are still very lacking, so it needs to be added again so that in carrying out the policy the tax online system is not gradual and can run optimally to help increase local revenue. The following are the indicators of disposition that exist in the Regional Revenue Agency has a good attitude and responsibility towards the policies they have implemented so far. And the last is the indicator of the bureaucratic structure that exists at the Regional Revenue Agency so far has carried out a good cooperative relationship between employees and related agencies in implementing the tax online system policy.

Implementation of Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) in Bunut District is one of the biggest PTSL activity targets at the Pelalawan Regency Land Office for the 2021 fiscal year, namely 7,964 Land Rights Certificates (SHAT), however the realization achieved was only 3,728 Certificates (K1). Because of this, the research is intended to examine how Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) activities are implemented in Bunut District and what factors hinder the Implementation of Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) activities in Bunut District. The theoretical concept used is the Policy Implementation Theory according to the Theory of George C. Edward III. This research uses a qualitative method with descriptive data analysis. Data collection techniques are carried out using interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques with stages of data collection, data reduction, data display and confirmation of conclusions. The research results show that the implementation of Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) activities in Bunut District is in accordance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) based on Minister of ATR/Head of BPN Regulation No. 6 of 2018 concerning PTSL and there are several obstacles in its implementation including: Lack of human resources at the Pelalawan Regency Land Office, lack of enthusiasm regarding the imposition of BPHTB, the existence of plots of land that enter or intersect with PIPPIB areas and forest areas, the imposition of PTSL preparation costs, land owners who are not available or cannot be contacted.

This research analyzes the authority of local governments in ensuring aviation safety and security through the regulation of the Airport Operation Safety Zone (Kawasan Keselamatan Operasi Penerbangan/KKOP) and spatial control around airports in Indonesia. The study employs a normative juridical method by examining statutory regulations, international standards from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), as well as relevant cases in Ahmad Yani Airport Semarang, Mutiara Sis Al Jufri Airport Palu, and Supadio Airport Pontianak. The results show that the authority of local governments is strategic but not absolute; it must be harmonized with national policies and international standards. In practice, the implementation is hampered by normative and practical challenges. Normative barriers include fragmented regulations, weak regional legal instruments, and the lack of incorporation of ICAO standards into local regulations. Implementation barriers involve limited technical capacity, insufficient resources, weak supervision, and socio-economic resistance related to land use around airports. These conditions result in ineffective spatial control, which directly affects aviation safety and airport development. The study suggests strengthening local regulations through specific bylaws on KKOP that align with national and international standards, improving the technical capacity of local apparatus, integrating obstacle registry systems, and establishing compensation or relocation mechanisms for affected communities. Cross-sectoral coordination between central government, local government, airport authorities, and stakeholders is also essential to ensure consistent policy implementation. This research contributes to the development of aviation law, regional autonomy, and the improvement of public safety in Indonesia.

Digital transformation in village governance has become a primary strategy for enhancing efficiency and effectiveness in human resource (HR) management. This study aims to analyze the implementation of digital technology in village government HR management and its impact on productivity and administrative efficiency. Employing a systematic literature review method, this research examines implementation trends, success factors, challenges, and optimal strategies for digitalization in HR management at the village level. The findings indicate that the adoption of technologies such as electronic Human Resource Management (e-HRM), cloud computing, and village information systems contributes to faster administration, increased accountability, and optimized performance of village officials. However, challenges remain in technology adoption, including low digital literacy among village officials, limited information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, as well as regulatory and policy constraints. To overcome these hurdles, a comprehensive strategy is required, encompassing capacity building through training, strengthening digital infrastructure, and fostering collaboration among central government, village governments, and the private sector. With appropriate policy implementation, the integration of digital technology in village-level HR management can improve public service quality and support more modern and responsive governance.

Violence against women is a global issue that continues to increase. SIMFONI PPA data shows an increasing trend in cases of violence against women in Indonesia, with 11,712 victims in 2023. The purpose of this study is to explain how the UPTD PPA of Blitar City implements a policy of handling services for cases of violence against women and find obstacles faced in its implementation. Talcott Parsons' structural functional theory is used to analyze how social systems function in the context of protecting women to maintain stability and balance in society. This study uses qualitative, descriptive methods with data collection techniques through participatory observation, interviews, and documentation. The results are that the UPTD provides six services for protecting women and children, namely complaints, outreach, case management, shelter, mediation, and assistance. Then referring to PERPRES No. 55 of 2024, the number of services has been increased to eleven. However, social challenges such as negative stigma and limited human resources hinder policy implementation. Therefore, UPTD PPA Kota Blitar continues to strive to provide comprehensive services by involving external parties for legal and psychological assistance which then emphasizes the importance of increasing capacity and human resources to ensure effective protection services for victims of violence at the local level.

This study aims to analyze the role of local governments in the implementation of sustainable development policies in urban areas. Using a qualitative approach through case study methods, data were collected via in-depth interviews with local government officials, focus group discussions with community members, and analysis of policy documents and local development reports. The findings indicate that local governments play a vital role in creating positive impacts on the environment and the quality of life for residents through various implemented programs, such as integrated waste management systems, the development of green open spaces, and sustainable transportation policies. Despite significant progress, this research also identifies challenges faced by local governments, including funding limitations, a lack of community education, and the need for improved inter-agency coordination. To enhance their effectiveness in achieving sustainable development goals, local governments must address these challenges through increased budget allocations, educational campaigns to raise community awareness, and strengthened collaboration among agencies. By taking these steps, local governments can be more effective in realizing sustainable development and ensuring a better quality of life for urban residents. This research provides important insights for policymakers and practitioners in their efforts to create sustainable and responsive urban communities.

Narcotics Abuse has become a vital problem in several countries, including Indonesia. To solve the problem, the Indonesian government has implemented various policies, including a restorative justice policy. The regulation highlighted rehabilitation, reconciliation, and reintegration for the perpetrators, victims, and community. This research aimed to evaluate the implementation of restorative justice regulation in the treatment of drug abuse in Indonesia. The descriptive qualitative method in this study was done through the analysis of literature reviews from various sources related to the application of restorative justice policy for narcotics abuse. The results showed that the implementation of restorative justice policy still got some challenges, even though the regulation was directly adopted to handle narcotics abuse. The contributed factors were the lack of understanding about narcotics abuse and society support, limited resources, and the disagreement among agencies and those factors influenced the effectiveness of the policy implementation. In conclusion, the implementation of restorative justice policy needs more attention and progress continuity, even though the policy has offered an approach that has effective potential in treating narcotics abuse. It needs great attempt to make the society understand the problem, better communication among the agencies, and the allocation of enough resources to effectively support the policy.

Through the Governance Network, the government has a great possibility to reach problems more closely by utilizing the advantages of the network and developing innovative ideas to overcome public problems and improve the quality of services and public policies. One of the problems is the food security policy. This study uses the concept of Social Network Theory (Klijn & Koppenjan) which looks at the structure in the policy implementation network, namely the aspects of contact, trust, information sharing, and resource exchange as well as how to coordinate between actors in the food security policy implementation network in West Papua Province. The results of the study show that the relationship and participation of actors in the network have not run optimally. This can be seen from the structure in the network which includes trust, information sharing, and resource exchange has not been optimal. Meanwhile, contact from the structure in the network has been carried out well, with the formation of policy tools. Coordination in the food security policy implementation network uses the type of mutual adjustment coordination. The implementation of the Food Security Policy in the Perspective of the Governance Network has not been effective.