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The short story Laki Sejati by Putu Wijaya is one of the works of Indonesian literature that depicts the dynamics of human life and internal conflicts. This research aims to analyze the intrinsic elements in the short story, including themes, characters and characterization, plot, setting, point of view, and mandate. Through this analysis, it is revealed how these intrinsic elements are used by the author to build a story that is evocative and full of meaning. The results of the analysis show that the main theme of this short story is the search for identity and the true meaning of "masculinity". The main character, who has an inner struggle in understanding the values of masculinity, is shown with a deep complexity of character. The progressive storyline with intense conflict takes the reader on the emotional journey of the main character, while the physical and social setting reinforces the realism of the story. A limited third-person perspective is used to explore the main character's perspective, revealing the inner dynamics that are the main focus of the story. The mandate contained in this short story invites readers to reflect on the true meaning of identity, courage, and happiness in life. This study concludes that the intrinsic elements in the short story Hukum Hukum are  used very effectively to describe the struggle of human beings in understanding their identity. This short story is not only a literary work, but also a philosophical reflection on life and the meaning of masculinity.

Indonesia is a country with a vast diversity of cultures, religions, and ethnicities, which makes it one of the most pluralistic societies in the world. Multicultural education is present as a strategic approach to instill the values of tolerance, inclusion, and social harmony in the midst of this diversity. This article explores the nature of multicultural education in Indonesia from the perspective of Islamic education, which emphasizes respect for differences as part of the sunnatullah. Through literature research methods, this article discusses the concept, implementation, and challenges of multicultural education in the national education system. The results of the study show that multicultural education can be implemented through the development of diversity-based curriculum, teacher training to manage multicultural classrooms, and the creation of an inclusive educational environment. The Islamic perspective provides a strong philosophical and normative foundation to support multicultural education, such as the teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith that emphasize the importance of tolerance and intercultural dialogue. However, the implementation of multicultural education faces challenges, including cultural resistance from exclusivity groups and limited resources in schools, especially in remote areas. This article recommends strengthening the socialization of multicultural values, developing contextual teaching materials, increasing teacher training, and allocating adequate resources as solutions to overcome these challenges. By integrating Islamic values in multicultural education, Indonesia can build a generation that is tolerant, inclusive, and able to maintain social harmony in the midst of diversity. This article contributes to enriching the discourse of multicultural education and offers practical solutions for its implementation.

The purpose of this research is to create an ontological framework of Islamic economics with tawhid and caliphate as its philosophical and theological pillars. Islamic economic ontology integrates moral and spiritual elements into the economic system and describes economic reality according to Islamic teachings. The study, which used the literature research method, found that caliphate leadership emphasizes human responsibility in managing natural resources in a just and sustainable way, while the concept of tawhid serves as a theological foundation that places Allah at the center of all economic activities. When these two ideas are combined, it results in a comprehensive strategy that prioritizes material, social, and spiritual well-being. It is hoped that the ontological framework put forward in this study will serve as a roadmap for creating an economic structure that is not only effective but also socially just and consistent with Islamic principles.

This paper examines distributive justice within the framework of Islamic economics, exploring its philosophical underpinnings and practical implications.  It analyzes the Islamic concept of justice ( adl ), focusing on its application to the distribution of wealth and resources.  The study delves into the core principles of Islamic economics, such as zakat, waqf, riba prohibition, and the concept of khalifah (stewardship), and how these contribute to a more equitable distribution of wealth.  Furthermore, it investigates the philosophical arguments supporting distributive justice in Islam, drawing upon Islamic jurisprudence and ethical traditions.  The paper concludes by discussing the practical challenges and opportunities in implementing distributive justice principles in contemporary economic systems, considering both micro and macro-economic perspectives.

Minangkabau culture, which is known for the principle of "Syara' Basandi Adat, Syara' Basandi Kitabullah" has a rich culture, one of which is the traditional costume Baju Kurung Basiba. Apart from functioning to cover the body, this shirt also reflects the identity, honor and cultural values ​​of Minangkabau which are closely related to the Islamic religion. However, as time goes by and the influence of globalization, the use of Baju Kurung Basiba among the younger generation is increasingly fading. This article aims to explore the role and philosophical meaning of Baju Kurung in the social life of Minangkabau society as well as the challenges faced in preserving it in the modern era. Through literature searches, it was found that even though there are big challenges, such as the influence of global fashion trends and the declining interest of the younger generation, there are still opportunities to maintain the existence of Baju Kurung through design innovation and the use of social media, as a promotional tool.  Cultural education and social media play an important role in preserving this cultural heritage, so that Baju Kurung can continue to be loved and enjoyed by future generations.    

This research examines epistemology as a foundation in Islamic economics through the Ihtisaan, Maslahah, Murlahah, and Al-Urf approaches. Epistemology in Islamic economics does not only focus on technical aspects, but also explores the philosophical foundations underlying this system. With this approach, this research seeks to answer the challenges of implementing sharia principles in a modern economic system without ignoring basic Islamic values. The method used is qualitative with a literature study approach, which includes analysis of verses from the Koran, Hadith and the views of ulama. The research results show that these four values ​​complement each other, creating harmony between the normative principles of sharia and practical reality. This concept allows Islamic economics to remain relevant in facing global challenges, providing fair and sustainable solutions. It is hoped that this research can strengthen the position of Islamic economics as a system that is adaptive, inclusive, and remains rooted in the noble values ​​of sharia.

The integration of general knowledge and religion in modern Islamic education is a crucial issue in the era of globalization and technological advancement. The main problem raised is the dichotomy between religious knowledge and general knowledge, which hinders the development of holistic Islamic education. The aim of this research is to explore the challenges and opportunities in the integration process, with a focus on philosophical, theological and practical approaches. The research method used is a literature review with qualitative analysis of relevant literature. The research results show that the integration of general knowledge and religion can increase the relevance of Islamic education to the needs of our time, although structural and paradigmatic challenges still constitute the main obstacles. Support from various parties is the key to successfully implementing this integration.

This paper systematically reviews the drivers of work-family enrichment and job enrichment within the 2019–2024 timeframe from a philosophical perspective. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, utilizing Publish or Perish and the Scopus database to identify and evaluate relevant papers. The article's key conclusions indicate that the ontological review conceptualizes work-family balance as a complex interplay between enrichment and conflict, which can significantly impact each employee's well-being. The epistemology review focuses on the study's use of a theoretical framework and methodology. The axiology examines how these two concepts enhance employee psychology, work engagement, and career achievement, as well as their positive impact on job satisfaction. The findings of the philosophical analysis, which may be influenced by specific viewpoints, highlight the research gap. To improve the well-being of both the organization and its employees, this article provides recommendations for future research and organizational practices.

KeywoThe background to this study is based on deep knowledge about how humans understand themselves, their relationships with nature and higher entities. Human nature is often the center of attention in various scientific disciplines, including philosophy, religion, psychology, and social sciences, which examine important aspects such as rationality, freedom, morality, and spirituality. The purpose of this research is to find out more about the nature of humans in life, which includes philosophical, moral, social and spiritual backgrounds & about how humans carry out their roles as social creatures, thinking individuals, and entities that have a relationship with nature. Understanding This contributes to the development of insight into the role of humans in creating social, moral and ecological balance in life. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a literature and case study approach. Data was collected through analysis of various library sources, such as books, articles and scientific journals which discuss theories about human nature, as well as through interviews with thinkers and experts in related fields. This analysis was carried out descriptively and interpretively to gain an in-depth understanding of the concepts that emerged. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a theoretical contribution to the development of the study of humans and life, as well as provide a practical basis for individuals in leading a balanced life between rational, moral, social and spiritual aspects.

The rapid advancement of technology has made artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative chatbots, an integral part of everyday life. These chatbots, powered by Natural Language Processing (NLP) and deep learning technologies, are widely used in various fields such as customer service, education, and entertainment. However, the increasing prevalence of such technologies brings forth important philosophical concerns, particularly in the realm of axiology—the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of values, including the practical and ethical implications of knowledge and technology. This study investigates the practical benefits and ethical responsibilities associated with generative chatbots, using ChatGPT as a case study. The research examines whether ChatGPT adheres to the axiological principles of science, specifically its usefulness in enhancing human life and its ethical responsibilities. Through a qualitative content analysis, this research evaluates the responses of ChatGPT to a series of questions based on the axiological framework outlined by Sumantri. The study focuses on two main aspects of science's axiological evaluation: the practical benefits of science and technology, and the ethical responsibilities tied to their application. The findings indicate that ChatGPT is capable of providing useful insights that contribute to human understanding, improve quality of life, simplify complex tasks, and offer solutions to various problems. However, the ethical considerations of AI technology, such as fairness, transparency, and accountability, remain a crucial area of concern. This research highlights the importance of balancing technological progress with ethical responsibility, emphasizing that AI systems like ChatGPT must be developed and applied in ways that align with human values to ensure their positive impact on society.

This study examines the philosophical thoughts of Rahmah El Yunusiah, a prominent female reformer in Islamic education in Indonesia, focusing on the transformation of Islamic values. The primary focus is on the application of Islamic values in the educational practices at Diniyyah Putri, the Islamic educational institution she founded. A qualitative approach with a literature study method was used to explore Rahmah El Yunusiah's thoughts through her works, historical documents, and institutional archives. The findings reveal that her educational philosophy emphasizes the formation of Islamic character, the development of knowledge based on tauhid, and the empowerment of Muslim women through education. The transformation of Islamic values is reflected in a holistic curriculum, the integration of religious and general sciences, and the cultivation of noble character as the foundation of education. These contributions provide new insights into the relevance of value-based Islamic education in the modern era, particularly in the context of women's education. This study recommends developing educational models that contextually adopt Islamic values to address globalization challenges.

In the midst of the phenomenon of radicalism that threatens diversity and tolerance in Indonesia, Nurcholis Madjid's thoughts on religious moderation have become a concern again. Taking into account the history and development of Islamic thought in Indonesia, this article investigates the idea of religious moderation in Madjid. To determine whether Madjid's ideas are relevant to radicalism, a thorough examination of the theological, philosophical, and sociological foundations of his thinking will be carried out. This article will also look at how the idea of religious moderation can be applied to various aspects of life, as well as the challenges and opportunities faced in an effort to create a more moderate Indonesian society. Radicalism now threatens the life of the nation and state. In this case, the perspective of religious moderation Nurcholis Madjid offers a profitable option. In this article, the concept of religious moderation in Madjid will be discussed thoroughly, with a special emphasis on practical solutions.

The philosophy of management focuses on individual active involvement in decision-making and task implementation to create an inclusive and adaptive organization. This article explores participation management from a philosophical viewpoint, highlighting ethics and collective responsibility in management practice. Hence, the analysis shows that participation management can help an organization become more effective by strengthening communication, increasing a sense of ownership, and developing a collaborative work culture. Therefore, participation management also creates space for creativity and innovation when facing changes in the dynamic organizational environment. In conclusion, the integration of philosophy in participation management can ignite more humanistic, inclusive, and sustainability-oriented leadership practices. Participation management has emerged as a strategy to address complex challenges in today's organizational landscape.

Education cannot be achieved without a definite direction that has been previously determined. Hadith as the second source of law in Islamic law has established standard guidelines on philosophical and incidental goals for humans to be able to achieve the highest degree of identity before Allah SWT. With the library research method. This study attempts to examine the goals of Islamic education according to the perspective of the hadith of the Prophet SAW.,. From the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the goals of Islamic education consist of 2 basic things, namely philosophical goals; so that humans can better recognize their true identity, in other words so that they are truly able to become caliphs on earth and incidental goals; to be able to increase motor, emotional, intellectual and spiritual intelligence which is marked by physical and spiritual maturity.

This article aims to analyze the short story Destination of the Land of Twilight through the lens of contemporary existentialist theories, focusing on the concepts of freedom, anxiety, and absurdity. Through this approach, this article will explore how these themes appear in short stories and how the main character faces them in his life journey full of uncertainty. By connecting these contemporary theories with literary works, this article is expected to provide deeper insights into the interaction between literature and philosophy in describing the existential condition of humans in the modern world. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analytical approach to analyze the short story The Purpose of the Land of Senja by Seno Gumira Ajidarma through the lens of existentialist philosophy. The main focus of this research is to explore the philosophical themes contained in short stories, such as freedom, anxiety, and absurdity, which are concepts in existentialism. The theoretical approach used draws on the thought of contemporary philosophers, such as Michel Foucault, Alain de Botton, and Jean-Luc Nancy, to examine how these short stories reflect the human experience of uncertainty and the search for meaning in life. The data collection technique is carried out by text study, namely reading and reviewing short stories in depth to identify elements that reflect existential themes, as well as relevant literature reviews. The short story The Purpose of the Land of Senja by Seno Gumira Ajidarma depicts the existential journey of a protagonist who is trapped in the search for the meaning of life. The main character in this short story is depicted in a state of confusion, questioning the purpose of his life and the world around him. This search, which is depicted with the metaphor of "Land of Twilight", reflects the anxiety and uncertainty that is at the heart of existentialism.

This study examines the comparative regulation of the Business Judgment Rule (BJR) between countries adopting Civil and Common Law systems. BJR is a principle that grants corporate decision-makers the discretion to make business decisions without fear of legal liability, provided that the decisions are made in good faith, are reasonable, and free from conflicts of interest. This research aims to identify the similarities and differences in the regulation of BJR between civil law and common law countries and analyze the factors contributing to these differences. This research employs a normative juridical method with a legislative and comparative law approach. These approaches are utilized to analyze relevant national and international legislation and compare the application of BJR in Indonesia with that of other countries, such as the United States and European nations. The findings are expected to provide insights into the philosophical and practical differences in the regulation and implementation of BJR across these two legal systems.

This research aims to determine the impact of Project Based Learning (MBKM) on Problem Solving for Undergraduate Students in Educational Technology at Bina Mandiri University, Gorontalo. The research method used is a qualitative and quantitative approach at four research stages. According to Creswel and Clark, mixed methods research is a research design with philosophical assumptions as well as being an inquiry method. As a methodology, this mixed research involves philosophical assumptions that guide the direction of data collection and analysis, as well as cultivating qualitative and quantitative research approaches throughout many phases of the research process. This research is in the first stage, namely identifying problem solving for Bachelor of Educational Technology students and measuring the effectiveness of MBKM project-based learning at UBMG. The results of the research show that project-based learning (MBKM) can influence Problem Solving for students in the Bachelor of Educational Technology study program at Bina Mandiri University, Gorontalo. This can be seen from the achievement of the problem solving method indicator for the Educational Technology S1 PRODI students, which was initially 75%, increasing to 87% after participating in project-based learning (MBKM) for one semester. The conclusion of this research is that project-based learning (MBKM) has a positive impact on improving problem solving skills in undergraduate students in educational technology so that it can be applied to subsequent learning processes.

Truth and responsibility are fundamental ethical principles that shape leadership practices in corporate settings. This study explores the philosophical foundations of truth and responsibility and their applications in leadership ethics within organizations. Using a systematic literature review approach, the research synthesizes findings from various philosophical schools, such as deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics, to examine how leaders can navigate ethical dilemmas, foster integrity, and build trust. The results reveal that embracing truth and accountability enhances decision-making processes, strengthens organizational culture, and mitigates ethical risks. This study highlights the significance of philosophical reflection in addressing modern leadership challenges, particularly in fostering transparency and ethical responsibility in complex business environments. Future research should focus on integrating these principles into leadership development programs to promote sustainable and ethical organizational growth.

Science is considered a theory of understanding the universe that uses philosophical foundations to determine what counts as reality, based on empirical findings. The main objective in this study is to identify how the ontology of science forms the basis of scientific theory, whether in physics, biology, or social sciences, and how it relates to recent developments in technology and scientific research. Based on this research, it seeks to explain the ontology of modern science in terms of the philosophical foundations behind scientific knowledge. Philosophy of science, ontology, and science are intertwined in the effort to understand reality. In the modern era, the main challenge in philosophy and ontology is to maintain the essence of human existence in the face of rapid technological developments, such as the metaverse. Critical efforts are needed to maintain a balance between technology and human values.

Pancasila, as the ideology of the Indonesian nation, plays a crucial role in guiding both individual and collective life. As a worldview rooted in the nation's cultural values, Pancasila reflects local wisdom, acknowledged for its truth, and serves as a foundation for maintaining consistency in thought and action amidst Indonesia's plural society. This article employs a qualitative research method with philosophical and sociological approaches, utilizing literature reviews and critical analysis of various sources related to ideology and national values. The findings reveal that Pancasila possesses unique characteristics distinguishing it from other ideologies, particularly its ability to accommodate diversity without disregarding universal values. All principles of Pancasila are proven to be logical, relevant, and applicable in addressing social, political, and economic challenges, thereby reinforcing its role as an ideal guide for the Indonesian people. These findings affirm Pancasila’s distinctiveness as a unifying ideology adaptable to the dynamics of the times.