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Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that can cause impaired gas exchange due to lung tissue damage, increased mucus production, and decreased lung elasticity. This condition may lead to shortness of breath, decreased oxygen saturation, and ineffective breathing patterns. Non-pharmacological nursing interventions such as pursed lip breathing exercise and body positioning are needed to improve respiratory function. The combination of pursed lip breathing exercise and the high Fowler position is expected to enhance alveolar ventilation and improve oxygenation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Method: This study is a quantitative research with a pre-experimental/quasi-experimental design using a pre-test and post-test approach. The sample consists of pulmonary tuberculosis patients who experience impaired gas exchange and meet the inclusion criteria. The intervention provided is a combination of pursed lip breathing exercise and the high Fowler position. Gas exchange is measured by assessing oxygen saturation and respiratory rate before and after the intervention. Data will be analyzed using appropriate statistical tests to determine the effect of the intervention.Results: The expected results of this study are an increase in oxygen saturation and improvement in respiratory rate after the application of the combination of pursed lip breathing exercise and the high Fowler position in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Conclusion: The combination of pursed lip breathing exercise and the high Fowler position is expected to have a positive effect on improving gas exchange in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and can be applied as an independent nursing intervention in clinical practice.

The purpose of this study is to discuss the introduction of the Pendet Dance in the Markandeya–Walailak cultural exchange program and to evaluate its effectiveness as a cross-cultural character education tool. To investigate program design, execution, and results, the study used a descriptive qualitative approach backed by the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. During the cultural exchange activities, information was gathered through participant reflection, documentation, and observation. The results show that the program effectively combined the principles of character education with conventional performing arts. Thai students showed greater appreciation, tolerance, respect, and empathy for cultural diversity as well as a deeper comprehension of the Pendet Dance's meaning, symbolism, and cultural value. In addition, Indonesian students who served as facilitators saw improvements in their discipline, self-assurance, cultural adaptability, and communication abilities. The exercise emphasizes how traditional performing arts can be a powerful tool for international engagement and cultural diplomacy. All things considered, the program shows that cultural exchange programs can make a significant contribution to global character education, and it is advised that comparable projects be maintained and developed in subsequent international education partnerships.

Penelitian ini menganalisis manajemen program pertukaran pelajar di SD Muhammadiyah Wirobrajan 3 dan SD Muhammadiyah Sokonandi Yogyakarta yang bertujuan meningkatkan mutu pendidikan dasar melalui pertukaran budaya dan pembelajaran global. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Informan penelitian meliputi kepala sekolah, pengelola program, guru pendamping, siswa, dan orang tua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen program dilaksanakan melalui empat fungsi utama: (1) perencanaan, termasuk seleksi peserta dan pelatihan pra-keberangkatan; (2) pengorganisasian melalui tim kerja berbasis struktur manajemen sekolah; (3) pelaksanaan melalui interaksi langsung dengan mitra sekolah luar negeri; dan (4) evaluasi berkala melalui laporan dan jurnal peserta. Tantangan utama meliputi keterbatasan pendanaan, komunikasi lintas budaya, dan akses teknologi. Keberhasilan program sangat dipengaruhi oleh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, kolaborasi antar pemangku kepentingan, dan manajemen hubungan publik yang efektif. Rekomendasi mencakup perluasan kemitraan, penguatan dukungan orang tua, dan inovasi dalam pelatihan siswa.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Hubungan Pertukaran Atasan-Bawahan dan Budaya Organisasi terhadap Komitmen Organisasi dan Perilaku Kewargaan Organisasi pada pegawai Pengurus Barang Milik Daerah di Kabupaten Demak. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh Pengurus Barang Milik Daerah di Kabupaten Demak dengan jumlah 112 orang, jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 88 responden, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur dan uji sobel. Hasil analisis penelitian diperoleh Hubungan Pertukaran Atasan-Bawahan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Komitmen Organisasi, dan Budaya Organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Komitmen Organisasi.  Hubungan Pertukaran Atasan-Bawahan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Perilaku Kewargaan Organisasi, Budaya Organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Perilaku Kewargaan Organisasi, dan Komitmen Organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Perilaku Kewargaan Organisasi. Dari hasil uji sobel diperoleh bahwa variabel Komitmen Organisasi dapat memediasi pengaruh Hubungan Pertukaran Atasan-Bawahan terhadap Perilaku Kewargaan Organisasi, serta memediasi pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Perilaku Kewargaan Organisasi.

Optimalisasi alat komunikasi dalam latihan praktek serbuan mekanis bagi taruna Korps Marinir merupakan aspek penting dalam memperkuat kemampuan taktis dan koordinasi di medan pertempuran modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi penggunaan teknologi komunikasi terbaru guna meningkatkan efektivitas serbuan mekanis dan koordinasi antar unit dalam latihan lapangan Korps Marinir. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menganalisis data dari observasi lapangan, wawancara dengan personel militer, dan kajian literatur terkait. Hasil penelitian menyoroti pentingnya penggunaan alat komunikasi sejaring yang terintegrasi dengan teknologi terbaru seperti jaringan 5G, kecerdasan buatan, dan sensor canggih untuk memfasilitasi pertukaran informasi yang cepat dan akurat di antara unit-unit yang terlibat dalam serbuan mekanis. Penerapan teknologi komunikasi terbaru ini memberikan dampak positif dalam latihan praktek serbuan mekanis, termasuk peningkatan kecepatan pengambilan keputusan, koordinasi yang lebih baik antar unit, serta respons yang lebih cepat terhadap perubahan situasi di medan pertempuran. Namun, tantangan seperti keamanan informasi, ketahanan jaringan, dan kebutuhan pelatihan personel dalam penggunaan teknologi baru juga perlu diperhatikan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam pemahaman tentang pentingnya optimalisasi alat komunikasi dalam latihan praktek serbuan mekanis untuk meningkatkan kesiapan dan efektivitas Korps Marinir dalam menghadapi tantangan di medan pertempuran modern. Implikasi praktis dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya investasi dalam pengembangan, pelatihan, dan penggunaan alat komunikasi sejaring yang canggih untuk mendukung misi militer yang kompleks dan dinamis.

Artikel ini mengkaji culture shock yang dialami oleh mahasiswa program Pertukaran Mahasiswa Merdeka (PMM) asal Jawa yang mengikuti program studi di Kota Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali pengalaman dan dampak culture shock terhadap mahasiswa dalam proses adaptasi budaya, sosial, dan akademik mereka. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan observasi partisipatif, studi ini menemukan bahwa mahasiswa asal Jawa mengalami berbagai tantangan budaya seperti perbedaan adat istiadat, bahasa, pola hidup, dan kebiasaan masyarakat setempat yang cukup berbeda dengan kehidupan mereka di Jawa. Meskipun demikian, sebagian besar mahasiswa berhasil mengatasi kesulitan tersebut melalui proses pembelajaran sosial dan kultural yang mendalam. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya dukungan akademik dan sosial dalam mempercepat proses adaptasi bagi mahasiswa yang mengikuti program pertukaran antar daerah, serta memberikan wawasan tentang keragaman budaya Indonesia yang dapat memperkaya pengalaman pendidikan.

The La Galigo epoch is an important literary work that depicts the deep intercultural relationship between the archipelago and China. The story, which focuses on Sawerigading's adventures, not only presents an epic story but also reflects the significant cultural, economic, and political exchanges in Southeast Asia's maritime region. Since the 7th century, the archipelago has been a vital trade route connecting various cultures, with Chinese traders playing a key role in the flow of goods and knowledge. Through the La Galigo Epos, it can be seen how elements of Chinese culture, including shipping technology, trade practices, and social values, have contributed to the development of the archipelago's cultural identity. This integration not only enriches the local culture, but also expands the social and economic horizons of the community. The relationship between the two cultures is the foundation for emerging social and governmental dynamics, demonstrating the positive impact as well as the challenges faced in complex cultural interactions. This epoch is not just a story, but also a historical document that provides important insights into the development of maritime cultural identity in Southeast Asia. By tracing the intercultural relationships established in the La Galigo Epos, we can understand how these interactions shape the region's cultural diversity and richness, as well as provide valuable lessons for future generations in preserving cultural heritage.

Multicultural campuses are growing in awareness of the importance of diversity in the higher education experience. Through the independent student exchange program, unity in diversity is strengthened. It is important for Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang to maintain its image as a multicultural campus. This study aims to examine the perceptions of independent student exchange program participants about the image of a multicultural campus. This research uses the theory of Image and Perception. Data analysis was carried out with descriptive qualitative. The results of this study, First, Selection, the Independent Student Exchange Program is considered very good by participants because it provides many benefits. They gained valuable memories, such as meeting new friends, learning new cultures, and gaining valuable practicum experience. Second, Organization, the Merdeka Student Exchange Program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang provides students with the opportunity to learn outside the classroom with education from destination universities. Participants experience differences in character and accent from other students, highlighting the importance of communicating well in a multicultural campus environment. Third, Interpretation, the Merdeka Student Exchange Program reflects students' drive for self-development and exploration of potential and encourages understanding of the diversity of ethnicity, nation, culture, race, and religion.

This qualitative literature review examines the impact of tax policies on cryptocurrency exchange preferences within the context of evolving regulations. With the rapid growth of the cryptocurrency market, understanding the relationship between tax regulations and user behavior has become crucial. This study synthesizes findings from various research articles, highlighting how clear and transparent tax policies can influence user engagement and compliance in cryptocurrency trading. The review reveals that uncertainty regarding tax obligations often leads to user avoidance of cryptocurrency exchanges, while a better understanding of tax responsibilities correlates with more proactive investment management. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that cryptocurrency platforms demonstrating transparency in tax handling are preferred by users. The findings emphasize the necessity for governments to develop supportive tax frameworks and educational initiatives to facilitate healthy growth in the cryptocurrency sector. Overall, the research underscores the importance of regulatory clarity in fostering user trust and participation in cryptocurrency exchanges, ultimately contributing to a more robust and sustainable market.

Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies phrases, clauses and sentences. This article focuses more on analyzing sentences in a text, where the sentence itself is a language unit that is relatively independent, has final intonation, and actually or potentially consists of clauses. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of sentences in opinion texts on the August 2023 edition of “Harian Jogja” as educational reading in terms of sentence structure and word choice. The type of research method used is descriptive qualitative research method and syntactic approach. The research data are the results of identifying ineffective sentences used in opinion texts on the “Harian Jogja” August 2023 Edition as Educational Reading. The data collection technique used is the syntactic approach in the form of listening and note-taking techniques. The informal method is used as a data presentation technique in this research. The data presentation is written in the form of a table containing some ineffective sentences and their improvements. From the analysis, 121 sentences were found consisting of 58 effective sentences and 63 ineffective sentences. In the opinion text titled “Peubahan Iklim dan Peran Masyarakat Memilah Sampah” there are 17 effective sentences and 22 ineffective sentences. In the opinion text titled “Mencermati Arsitektur RAPBN 2024,” there are 19 effective sentences and 18 ineffective sentences. In the opinion text titled “Peluang dan Tantangan Pertukaran Karbon,” there are 22 effective sentences and 23 ineffective sentences. This research produces several ineffective sentences which are classified into 3 namely waste in the use of words, inaccuracy in the use of words, and the last is the incompatibility of the information provided. In this analysis, the researcher uses one of the opinion texts as an example or sample, namely the opinion text entitled “Perubahan Iklim dan Peran Masyarakat dalam Memilah Sampah”. From the analysis of the opinion text which is composed of 39 sentences, there are 22 ineffective sentences. This study is useful as a guideline for writing effective sentences, besides that writers can pay more attention to writing in an opinion text that is by the rules of language.

Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi strategi komunikasi pemasaran yang diterapkan oleh CV Sultan Promosindo, sebuah event organizer di Grobogan, dalam upaya membangun kepercayaan pelanggan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan ini menerapkan strategi bauran komunikasi yang meliputi humas, penjualan pribadi, periklanan, dan promosi penjualan. Aktivitas humas dilakukan melalui program-program yang melibatkan klien dan komunitas. Penjualan pribadi diwujudkan melalui interaksi langsung dengan klien, seperti presentasi dan pertukaran informasi. Periklanan memanfaatkan media sosial seperti Instagram, halaman web, YouTube, dan TikTok untuk tujuan promosi dan penyebaran informasi. Promosi penjualan dilakukan melalui konferensi pers dengan melibatkan mitra media lokal dan reporter portal online untuk meliput acara. Analisis SWOT digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan ancaman yang dihadapi CV Sultan Promosindo. Meskipun strategi-strategi ini terbukti efektif dalam membangun kerjasama dengan pelanggan, beberapa kendala komunikasi masih ditemui, seperti kesenjangan pengetahuan mengenai acara, kesulitan meyakinkan klien tentang ide yang ditawarkan, dan gangguan proses internal klien yang menghambat timeline kerja event organizer. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya CV Sultan Promosindo untuk lebih proaktif dalam memanfaatkan media baru yang berkembang, serta memperkuat iklan di media massa agar promosi dapat menjangkau khalayak yang lebih luas. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi bagi usaha di bidang jasa untuk meningkatkan kredibilitas dan kepercayaan pelanggan serta bermanfaat bagi mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan tugas akhir serupa.

This service explains the activities of the Student Exchange Program 3. PMM 3 is a one-semester domestic exchange program that will provide the experience of studying at the best universities throughout Indonesia, apart from that it will provide experience of getting to know diversity, honing leadership skills, building networks during college. , with the Nusantara Module activities, one of which is Social Contribution, social contribution is the final series of PMM 3 in 2023. We carry out social contributions in Rindu Hati Village, Kec. Taba Penanjung, Kab. Central Bengkulu, Prov. Bengkulu. The activities we carry out are divided into 3 fields, namely 1. Education, 2. Health, and 3. Tourism Village. And the results of this social contribution activity are being able to help free medical treatment, help teach at SDN 08 Central Bengkulu, provide books as learning media, and develop tourist attractions into tourist villages.    

This service explains the activities of the Student Exchange Program 3. PMM 3 is a one-semester domestic exchange program that will provide the experience of studying at the best universities throughout Indonesia, apart from that it will provide experience of getting to know diversity, honing leadership skills, building networks during college. , with the Nusantara Module activities, one of which is Social Contribution, social contribution is the final series of PMM 3 in 2023. We carry out social contributions in Rindu Hati Village, Kec. Taba Penanjung, Kab. Central Bengkulu, Prov. Bengkulu. The activities we carry out are divided into 3 fields, namely 1. Education, 2. Health, and 3. Tourism Village. And the results of this social contribution activity are being able to help free medical treatment, help teach at SDN 08 Central Bengkulu, provide books as learning media, and develop tourist attractions into tourist villages.    

This article aims to explain how encounters at Secangkir Jawa, Yogyakarta, are conducted through an analysis of George Caspar Homans' Exchange Theory. This research employs qualitative methods with a field study and an analytical approach. Data collection techniques include direct interviews with friends who frequently meet at Secangkir Jawa, and literature sources are used to strengthen the theoretical analysis. The findings demonstrate that encounters at Secangkir Jawa, Yogyakarta, are inextricably linked to the stories and interests underlying the students' presence, each with their own goals. In essence, humans are always present in interactions with their own interests and always seek profit. Analyzing this with George Caspar Homans' social exchange theory, it can be seen that encounters at Secangkir Jawa are always associated with both material and non-material interests. Looking more specifically at Homans' fundamentals, the success proposition is seen when regular encounters provide rewards, encouraging continued attendance. Meanwhile, the value proposition suggests that the greater the benefit gained, the greater the motivation to attend.

Educational innovation in Indonesia continues to develop to create a learning system that is adaptive to changing times. One of the efforts made is to implement the four pillars of UNESCO education, namely learning to know, learning to do, learning to be, and learning to live together. The study looked at SD Nasima Semarang, which implemented a student exchange program to support its vision of becoming an international school. Through observation and interviews, this study evaluates how daily, weekly, and flagship programs at SD Nasima, including the dual curriculum (Independent and Cambridge Curriculum), as well as extracurricular activities and habituation of manners, contribute to character formation and improvement of student competence. The findings show that the combination of these programs has succeeded in improving the quality of education, building character, and strengthening    

Since a long time ago, batik has been known and developed in the scope of Indonesian society. Until now batik has been known in the international world which has become an identity of Indonesian national culture. There are many batik motifs from all over Indonesia ranging from western Indonesia to eastern Indonesia. The types of batik produced are divided into 3, namely batik cap, batik tulis, and batik print which are distinguished based on the technique of making batik. Komar Batik is one of the batik cultures in Indonesia. Komar Batik presents the identity of the city of Bandung in a series of contemporary and modern designs. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method with a descriptive qualitative approach. The results showed that there are 2 batik techniques used in komar batik, namely: written batik techniques and stamp batik techniques. Apart from the teserbut technique, there is also the batik print technique. On bat.

This research explores Gen Z's understanding of democratic practices in the 2024 Legislative Election, focusing on the Merdeka Student Exchange 4 program at Universitas Negeri Medan. The primary focus is identifying the high political awareness, active participation, and critical attitudes of participating students. The research methods include in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and quantitative data analysis from structured surveys. Findings indicate that Gen Z holds a more pragmatic and critical view of the democratic process compared to previous generations, with particular attention to transparency and accountability. Participation in the exchange program significantly enhances students' understanding of political pluralism and tolerance. These findings are crucial for developing more effective and inclusive political education strategies, aimed at encouraging greater youth participation in the democratic process.

  Artikel ini dibuat dengan tujuan memperkuat kebudayaan bangsa Indonesia di era banyaknya masyarakat yang mengikuti trend atau budaya westernisasi. Perkembangan teknologi di era revolusi industri 4.0 menuju revolusi industri 5.0 yang semakin maju menyebabkan pertukaran informasi dan pertukaran budaya yang sangat cepat antar negara di dunia ini. Pertukaran budaya tersebut memiliki pengaruh negatif jika masyarakat tidak memilah dan tidak menyaring budaya asing terlebih dahulu seperti budaya westernisasi yang perlahan-lahan akan memudarkan dan merusak kebudayaan asli yang ada di Indonesia. Salah satu cara menghindari budaya westernisasi tersebut adalah dengan menerapkan konsep wawasan nusantara agar dapat memperkuat dan mempertahankan kebudayaan yang ada di Indonesia. Wawasan nusantara merupakan suatu hal yang penting untuk dipahami oleh seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Akan tetapi, sangat disayangkan masih banyak masyarakat Indonesia yang memiliki wawasan nusantara yang rendah. Kata kunci : Kebudayaan Bangsa, Wawasan Nusantara, Budaya Westernisasi

Social Exchange in Women's Dual Roles: A Case Study of Housework and Professional Career. This research investigates the dynamics of social exchange involved in women's dual roles, with a focus on the fulfillment of household work and professional career development. Social exchange theory is used as a framework to analyze how women manage their roles in an increasingly complex contemporary society. Through in-depth case studies, this research explores women's experiences in managing household responsibilities along with their efforts to achieve success in professional careers. The results of this study provide insight into the challenges and opportunities they face in carrying out their dual roles, as well as their impact on gender equality in society. The results of this research have important implications in efforts to increase gender equality and encourage more inclusive social change. This study also provides a basis for better policy thinking in supporting women in navigating their dual roles and achieving success in various aspects of their lives.

Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) memainkan peran sentral dalam ekonomi lokal, namun kebanyakan di antaranya menghadapi kendala dalam pencatatan keuangan yang akurat. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan ketrampilan akunatnsi di kalanagan pengusaha UMKM di Kelurahan Mijen Semarang. Melalui sosialisasi, kegiatan ini memberikan panduan praktis tentang cara memahami dasar-dasar akuntansi dan menerapkannya menggunakan akuntansi secara sederhana. Hasilnya menunjukkan peningkatan secara signifikan dalam pemahaman akuntansi di kalangan peserta. Pengusaha UMKM yang mengikuti kegiatan ini mampu memahami pentingnya catatan akuntansi, selain itu kegiatan ini dapat membangun komunitas diantara UMKM sehingga dapat membuk ajalan untuk kolaborasi dan pertukaran pengalaman. Keberhasilan kegiatan ini memberikan bukti nyata pemahaman akuntansi adalah kunci untuk pertumbuhan berkelanjutan di Kelurahan Mijen Semarang.