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The current practice of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning in schools still faces the challenge of the dominance of conventional methods that tend to be teacher-centered, so that the aspect of internalization of values by students is often not optimal . This article aims to describe the characteristics and conceptual relationships between the Social Interaction and Personal learning models in the context of PAI, while also examining the relationship between the two models with constructivist and humanistic learning theories . Through a literature study, the analysis shows that the Social Interaction model based on constructivist theory emphasizes the construction of knowledge through group dynamics, collaboration, and social interaction . Meanwhile, the Personal model based on humanistic theory is oriented towards the development of individual potential, self-awareness, and spiritual reflection . The results of the study conclude that the integration of these two models offers a holistic learning approach, where students not only understand PAI material cognitively, but are also able to actualize religious values through real social experiences and deep personal appreciation .

This study aims to determine the role of Community Service Program (KKN) students in increasing interest in learning Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at the Al-Muttaqin Foundation MDTA. The background of this study stems from the low enthusiasm and motivation of students in participating in religious lessons, so that learning innovations are needed that can rekindle their enthusiasm for religious values. KKN students, as part of the implementation of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education, have a social responsibility to contribute directly to society, one of which is through educational activities. In its implementation, students apply various creative, interactive, and fun learning methods, such as educational games, group discussions, and role-model-based approaches that make students more active and motivated. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with observation, interview, and documentation techniques during the two-month activity. The results show that the presence of KKN students has a positive influence on increasing student interest in learning, seen from increased discipline, active participation, and curiosity about PAI materials. In addition to being teachers, students also play a role as moral guides who instill religious values ​​through positive behavior and habits.   

The comprehensive field of Islamic education encompasses not only all levels of schooling but also includes religion, ethics, history, law, and the Quran and Hadith. As part of Islamic religious education (PAI), students are taught to live in harmony with Allah, themselves, other humans, all living things, and the natural world, embodying the concept of Hablun Minallah wa Hablun Minannas. The main objective is to shape students' belief, understanding, and practice of Islamic teachings through planned learning activities, training, and guidance. Islamic religious education is an endeavor by educators to shape students' beliefs and practices via structured instruction, training, and guidance. This study explores the features of Islamic education resources across various educational levels, examining the types of instruction designed to identify these materials and evaluate their pros and cons. The study discovered that Islamic Religious Education (PAI) materials from different grade levels and educational types exhibit distinct characteristics. These differences include variations in content, weight, depth, as well as psychological, philosophical, sociological, and technological aspects. Understanding the characteristics of PAI materials at various educational levels is crucial for developing more effective, relevant curricula and teaching methods tailored to students' developmental needs. The findings of this study are also intended to serve as a reference for educators when developing PAI learning materials suitable for students' educational and developmental levels.

The comprehensive field of Islamic education encompasses not only all levels of schooling but also includes religion, ethics, history, law, and the Quran and Hadith. As part of Islamic religious education (PAI), students are taught to live in harmony with Allah, themselves, other humans, all living things, and the natural world, embodying the concept of Hablun Minallah wa Hablun Minannas. The main objective is to shape students' belief, understanding, and practice of Islamic teachings through planned learning activities, training, and guidance. Islamic religious education is an endeavor by educators to shape students' beliefs and practices via structured instruction, training, and guidance. This study explores the features of Islamic education resources across various educational levels, examining the types of instruction designed to identify these materials and evaluate their pros and cons. The study discovered that Islamic Religious Education (PAI) materials from different grade levels and educational types exhibit distinct characteristics. These differences include variations in content, weight, depth, as well as psychological, philosophical, sociological, and technological aspects. Understanding the characteristics of PAI materials at various educational levels is crucial for developing more effective, relevant curricula and teaching methods tailored to students' developmental needs. The findings of this study are also intended to serve as a reference for educators when developing PAI learning materials suitable for students' educational and developmental levels.

This study discusses the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model to improve critical thinking in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMP Negeri 1 Bantarsari. The focus of this research is on the planning and implementation of the PBL model to improve students' critical thinking skills. The purpose of this study is to find out and describe in depth how the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model can contribute to improving students' critical thinking skills in the context of PAI learning. This type of research is a field research with a qualitative approach and is presented descriptively. The data collection techniques used include observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis is carried out through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. This research was conducted directly in the school environment so as to produce actual and contextual empirical data. The results of the study show that teachers have designed learning well through the preparation of teaching modules as guidelines. The implementation of learning is carried out in three main stages, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation. At the implementation stage, the PBL model is applied through five steps: (1) orientation to the problem, (2) organizing students to learn, (3) individual and group investigations, (4) presentation of discussion results, and (5) reflection on learning outcomes. Evaluation is carried out on an ongoing basis both during the learning process and at the end of the activity. The application of this Problem Based Learning model has proven to be effective in increasing students' critical thinking. Students show improved ability to analyze, evaluate, and solve problems relevant to PAI material. In addition, students also become more active, independent, and used to expressing opinions in group discussions. Interaction between students increases positively, creating a collaborative and participatory learning environment. This indicates that the use of the PBL model can be the right strategy in developing students' critical thinking skills at the junior secondary education level.

The expository learning strategy in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) remains relevant as a classical Islamic scholarly heritage but requires creative transformation to address digital-age challenges. This article examines the implementation of expository strategies through literature study, analyzing philosophical foundations, effectiveness, contemporary challenges, and innovation models. The research reveals that expository strategies are effective for normative PAI materials but face complex challenges including shifting cognitive patterns of digital natives, decentralization of knowledge authority, and technological disparities. Various innovative models (interactive, contextual, multimedia, reflective) offer solutions by integrating traditional expository strengths with modern approaches. The study concludes that successful implementation requires paradigmatic reconstruction through "pedagogical ijtihad" balancing Islamic scholarly authenticity with 21st-century learning needs. PAI teachers must master three core competencies: depth of religious knowledge, pedagogical sophistication, and technological literacy. 

The purpose of this study is to see how the application of the problem-based learning (PBL) model can help students analyze Islamic Religious Education (PAI) lessons at SMK Pesantren Darul Dakwah. PBL is used to teach students to think critically, analytically, and find solutions to religious problems. This study used a qualitative approach with a classroom action research (PTK) design, which was conducted in two cycles. The results showed that PBL can help students analyze PAI materials. This was evident by the observation results which showed better task assessment, and more active and critical student participation in group discussions. This research proposes a wider application of PBL model in Islamic Education learning in SMK to improve students' understanding and analysis skills in the context of religious learning.    

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays an important role in the formation of students' character and understanding of religious teachings. However, in practice, not a few students face difficulties in understanding PAI material, both in terms of cognitiveness and affective. These difficulties can be caused by a variety of factors, such as differences in academic ability, lack of motivation, or socio-cultural problems. Therefore, the right strategy from PAI teachers in overcoming learning difficulties is very necessary. This article aims to identify various strategies that PAI teachers can apply to help students overcome learning difficulties. Based on a literature review, there are several approaches that have proven to be effective, including the use of varied learning methods, the use of educational technology, the provision of intensive guidance, and the strengthening of student motivation and character. In addition, the importance of constructive evaluation and feedback in the learning process is also one of the keys in improving the effectiveness of PAI learning. By implementing these strategies, it is hoped that the learning difficulties faced by students can be overcome, and the quality of PAI learning can be improved.

This article examines Islamic Religious Education (PAI) materials through a psychological approach to optimize students' understanding of religious teachings. This study explores five main aspects: (a) religion from psychologists' perspective which emphasizes the role of religion in identity formation and psychological well-being, (b) adaptation of PAI materials according to students' developmental stages, which is essential to ensure religious teachings can be well received and understood, (c) analysis of PAI materials based on interests and talents, focusing on increasing student motivation and engagement, (d) PAI models oriented towards religious comfort, which aims to create positive relationships between students and religious teachings, and (e) the role of PAI teachers as spiritual counselors who support students' mental and spiritual health. With this approach, religious education can function as both a spiritual foundation and sustainable psychological support. This article is expected to serve as a reference for educators and education practitioners in developing more effective and relevant PAI materials.

This study examines the strategy for selecting Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teaching methods at the Dwi Farma Pharmacy Academy in Bukittinggi. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, the research involved 20 participants including PAI lecturers, students, and academy leaders. Results show that method selection is influenced by pharmacy students' characteristics, the need to contextualize PAI materials with pharmaceutical ethics, technology availability, and diversity in students' religious knowledge. Interactive and problem-based methods prove more effective. Main challenges include time constraints and learning technology optimization. The research recommends developing integrated modules, enhancing lecturers' technology competence, implementing peer mentoring, and fostering collaboration between PAI and pharmacy lecturers. This study contributes to the development of effective PAI learning strategies in pharmacy higher education institutions.

This research was motivated by the relatively limited understanding of students in grades 3, 4 and 5 at SDN 15 Sutijo regarding PAI material. Many students have not demonstrated attitudes and behavior that reflect religious teachings well. Then, most students experience difficulties in achieving the expected competency standards in Islamic Religious Education subjects, including from the emotional and spiritual aspects of students. Many students lack motivation and feel anxious during the learning process, which has a negative impact on learning outcomes. Then some students also show apathy and lack motivation in taking religious lessons. This can be seen from the low average test scores and the results of observations of student interactions in class. So this research aims to determine the influence of IQ, EQ and SQ on students' PAI learning outcomes. This type of research is quantitative correlation. The population was 30 students and the sample used a total sampling technique. Data was collected through questionnaires and documentation and analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression tests. The research results show that IQ, EQ and S1 influence students' PAI learning outcomes. IQ has an effect of 14.4%, EQ of 14.3%, SQ of 27.2%. Then IQ, EQ and SQ together also influence students' PAI learning outcomes, namely 27.4% and the rest is influenced by other factors not examined in this research.

This research aims to find and analyze the influence and ability of teachers to use IT learning media and teachers' ability to master the material on PAI learning achievement for Tahfidz Duta Aswaja Middle School students in 2024. This type of research uses quantitative research, with a sample of 30 students. The variables studied include the ability to use IT-based learning media, the ability to master IT-based material. Data collection method is through questionnaires, data analysis uses statistical analysis with multiple regression analysis. Based on the results of research at Tahfidz Duta Aswaja Middle School, it shows that: (1) The influence of the teacher's ability to use IT learning media on PAI learning achievement is not significant. This is because the significance value of X1 for Y is 0.944 > 0.05 and the t value is 0.072 < t table 2.052. (2) The influence of material mastery on PAI learning achievement is significant. This means that the significance value of X2 for Y is 0.02 < 0.05 and the t value is 3.340 > t table 2.052. (3) There is a significant influence between the teacher's ability to use IT learning media and mastery of the material on PAI learning achievement at Tahfidz Duta Aswaja Kudus Middle School. This is because there is one route, namely mastery of PAI material, which has a significant effect on PAI learning achievement at Tahfidz Duta Aswaja Kudus Middle School.

The results showed that 1) The application of the boarding school program to the learning achievement of PAI at SMP Muhammadiyah Banjarnegara was carried out by the first teacher of the worship practice program, namely the midnight prayer in congregation, morning prayer and morning dhikr, rote deposit, congregational midday prayer, afternoon prayer, evening prayer, muroja'ah memorization, maghrib prayer, tadarus and evening prayer. Second, teaching the book, namely the program teaching the book, which proves that students can understand more deeply about the science of monotheism, worship, muamalah, and morals. The four programs for developing English and Arabic skills have been proven to be able to increase PAI learning achievement because more PAI material relates to the Al-Qur'an and Hadith so that mastery of Arabic is important. The learning achievement of Islamic boarding school students is relatively good, this can be seen from the acquisition of report cards which have a value above 80. 2) The obstacle to the application of the boarding school program on Islamic education learning achievement is the existence of scouting activities, the practice of midnight prayers and obligatory prayers which require supervision, low student participation and relatively weak student memorization. 3) Solutions to the constraints of implementing the boarding school program on Islamic education learning achievement, namely dormitory programs and activities carried out regularly, teachers providing assistance in worship, giving awards or rewards to students who are role models for other students, strengthening the physical and psychological aspects of students and the existence of support full of subject teachers and tahfidz teachers for the sake of creating hafidz as the school wants.

This service aims to implement the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) teaching method on PAI material at the high school level. This service uses a qualitative descriptive method which is carried out in class XI, totaling 35 students which is carried out through the preparation, implementation and evaluation stages. The problems faced by students when learning tend to use the lecture method, especially in PAI lessons, students are only listeners without having to express students' opinions, this results in a decrease in student interest and activity when receiving lessons. The results of this service prove that students have empathy during the learning process and can express creativity in explaining material, hone students' confidence in expressing opinions and train students' cohesiveness with other students which makes the method effective. This model can be a stimulus for educators who want to apply the PAI learning method in the classroom.

Religious moderation is one of the programs prioritized by the government to build a harmonious religious life within the framework of national and state life. Religious moderation based on the definition given by the ministry of religion through his book which he compiled entitled religious moderation means confidence in the essence of the teachings of the religion he adheres to, while continuing to share the truth as far as religious interpretation is concerned. The values ​​of religious moderation education that are internalized in SKI books at the elementary school level are the values ​​of tolerance, caring for others, mutual affection for others, and being an honest and respectful person to parents and teachers. The type of research used is library research with a qualitative approach. Qualitative approach is research that is used to examine the condition of natural objects. Library research (library research) is a study carried out by collecting information and data needed through various types of materials or materials in the library including; reference books, similar research results, articles, notes, and journals that are relevant to the research problem.