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This study aims to analyze the influence of prices and productivity on the welfare of independent oil palm farmers in Andabia Village, Anggaberi District, Konawe Regency. The number of respondents in this study was 24 people taken by census. The analysis method used includes descriptive statistical analysis, with multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that the influence of the palm oil price variable on the welfare of oil palm farmers is 0.02 one unit with a calculated t value greater than the t table value (1.924> 1.720) and a significance level smaller than 0.05 (0.02 <0.05) partially has a significant effect on the welfare of oil palm farmers. The influence of the productivity variable on the welfare of oil palm farmers is 0.000 one unit, with a calculated t value greater than the t table value (5.046> 1.663) and a significance level smaller than 0.05 (0.000 <0.05) partially has a significant effect on the welfare of oil palm farmers. The influence of palm oil price and productivity variables simultaneously has a significant influence on the welfare of oil palm farmers. From the F test, the results of the calculation of F count> F table (170,465> 3.07) with a significance level of 0.001 <0.05. This shows that the price and productivity variables together have a significant influence on the welfare of farmers in Andabia Village, Anggaberi District, Konawe Regency.

Muaro Jambi Regency is one of the main centers of smallholder oil palm plantations that plays an important role in the economy of Jambi Province through its contribution to crude palm oil (CPO) exports and tax revenues. This study aims to analyze farmer characteristics and the effects of land area (X1), plant age (X2), forest and land fire impacts (X3), labor (X4), and fertilizer use (X5) on the production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of smallholder oil palm in Kumpeh District. This study used a descriptive quantitative approach with primary data collected through a survey of 139 respondents and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 25. The results show that the average characteristics of farmers include an age of 44 years, an average of 2 dependents, land area of 2 hectares, plant age of 10 years, high fire impact scores, labor use of 2 workers, fertilizer use of 1,120 kg, and production of 20,000 kg. The regression results indicate that land area, plant age, and fertilizer use have a significant effect on production, while labor and forest and land fires do not have a significant effect on smallholder oil palm production.

Work time is the amount of time determined to carry out a number of routine or ordinary activities carried out inside and outside the household in units of time or hours. Rubber farming and oil palm farming are farming activities that are in great demand in Indonesian society and are important crops as a source of income for farmers. The problem that can be identified in this study is how the outflow of labor based on gender on rubber and oil palm farms in North Amboyo Village, Ngabang Sub-district, Landak Regency. This research was conducted from March 18 to April 18, 2024. The research method in this study is the survey method. The population in this study were all rubber farmers and oil palm farmers in North Amboyo Village, Ngabang District, Landak Regency, totaling 31 rubber farmers and 42 oil palm farmers. The variables of this study consisted of the work time of rubber farmers and oil palm farmers producing which was calculated within one month. The data analysis technique used in this study is the T-Test (Independent Sample T-Test). t test results Sig value. (2-tailed) in the table is 0.000 so it can be said that there is a significant difference between the labor expenditure of rubber farmers and oil palm farmers. There is a significant difference in the comparison of labor expenditure based on gender in rubber and oil palm farming with the test results, namely the value of Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000. This means that of the two research objectives there is a significant difference in the comparison of labor expenditure of rubber farmers and oil palm farmers, as well as the comparison of labor expenditure based on gender in North Amboyo Village, Ngabang District, Landak Regency. Keywords: Farming, Labor, Oil Palm, Rubber.   Abstrak. Curahan waktu kerja adalah jumlah waktu yang ditentukan untuk melakukan sejumlah kegiatan rutin atau biasa dilakukan di dalam dan luar rumah tangga dalam satuan waktu atau jam. Usahatani karet dan kelapa sawit merupakan kegiatan yang banyak diminati masyarakat Indonesia dan merupakan tanaman penting sebagai sumber penghasilan bagi petani. Permasalahan yang diidentifikasi pada penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana curahan tenaga kerja berdasarkan gender pada usahatani karet dan kelapa sawit di Desa Amboyo Utara Kecamatan Ngabang Kabupaten Landak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan 18 Maret–18 April 2024. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh petani karet dan petani kelapa sawit yang berada di Desa Amboyo Utara Kecamatan Ngabang Kabupaten Landak sebanyak 31 petani karet dan 42 petani kelapa sawit. Variabel penelitian terdiri dari curahan waktu kerja petani karet dan petani kelapa sawit menghasilkan  yang dihitung dalam kurun waktu satu bulan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Uji-T (Independent Sample T-Test). Hasil uji t nilai Sig. (2-tailed) pada tabel yaitu 0.000 sehingga bisa dikatakan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara curahan tenaga kerja petani karet dan petani kelapa sawit. Perbedaan yang signifikan pada perbandingan curahan tenaga kerja berdasarkan gender pada usahatani karet dan kelapa sawit dengan hasil uji yaitu nilai Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000. Artinya dari dua tujuan penelitian tersebut terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada perbandingan curahan tenaga kerja petani karet dan petani kelapa sawit, serta  perbandingan curahan tenaga kerja berdasarkan gender di Desa Amboyo Utara Kecamatan Ngabang Kabupaten Landak.

A partnership agreement is a form of business collaboration, either directly or indirectly, that is established based on the principles of mutual need, mutual trust, mutual reinforcement, and mutual benefit. Such partnerships generally involve Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) working with larger businesses in order to create a fairer and more sustainable business relationship. However, in practice, the implementation of partnership agreements often does not reflect these fundamental principles. This is also evident in the nucleus-plasma scheme within the palm oil plantation sector, where the relationship between the nucleus companies and plasma farmers tends to show an imbalance of bargaining power. This study aims to examine the application of partnership principles in the implementation of nucleus-plasma agreements in palm oil plantations, viewed from the perspective of prevailing legislation, particularly the Law on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME Law). The findings indicate that the application of partnership principles has not yet been fully implemented consistently. The partnership relationship remains unequal and is largely dominated by the nucleus companies, creating a sense of injustice for plasma farmers. In terms of supervision, the Indonesian Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) plays a crucial role in ensuring that partnership agreements are carried out in line with these principles. One of the measures taken is monitoring the implementation of behavioral change commitments by business actors. KPPU ensures that nucleus companies do not abuse their dominant position and continue to provide fair opportunities for plasma farmers. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of strengthening oversight and enforcing regulations so that the objectives of nucleus-plasma partnerships in palm oil plantations can truly be realized in accordance with the principles mandated by law.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of attractants on the activity of the pollinating beetle Elaeidobius kamerunicus and its impact on the efficiency of pollination and palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) production at PT Menthobi Makmur Lestari, Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan. The study was conducted from May to July 2025 using a factorial randomized block design with two factors: topography (flat 0–8% and hilly 15–25%) and attractant doses (0, 1, 2, and 3 ml/ha) with three replications.The parameters observed included the frequency of E. kamerunicus visits to female flowers and the percentage of fruit set. The results showed that the topography factor, attractant dose, and their interaction significantly affected the number of E. kamerunicus visits and fruit set (p < 0.01). The combination of flat land with high attractant doses resulted in the highest visits (69.04 beetles/spike) and maximum fruit set (75.11%), while the hilly land without attractants showed the lowest results (34.60 beetles/spike; 61.22%). The application of attractants increased fruit set by more than 20% compared to the control, leading to an increase in bunch weight (BJR) of approximately 5.67 kg/bunch, additional production of about 1,151 kg FFB/ha per 1.5 months, and a potential income of Rp 3,683,200/ha, far exceeding the application cost of Rp 211,638/ha. These results indicate that the use of attractants is an effective and efficient agronomic strategy to improve palm oil productivity. Thus, attractants have proven to significantly enhance pollination efficiency and palm oil production, providing substantial economic benefits to farmers and supporting the sustainability of palm oil plantations. This approach offers an applicable and sustainable solution for agricultural practices, which can be applied to various locations with similar topographical conditions.  

This study examines two main issues related to palm oil trading transactions in Kuala Keritang Village, Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. The first issue concerns the analysis of pricing mechanisms in palm oil trading, while the second focuses on the review of Islamic business ethics in such transactions. The objective of this research is to understand in detail how the price determination system operates in the local palm oil market and to assess the extent to which these trading practices align with the principles of Islamic business ethics. To address these issues, a qualitative descriptive method was employed. This approach was chosen because it allows for a comprehensive description of facts, data, and trading mechanisms while providing space for critical analysis in relation to Islamic values. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, which were then described, analyzed, and discussed in order to answer the research questions thoroughly. The findings indicate that, in general, palm oil trading practices in Kuala Keritang Village are similar to other common trading systems, but they differ in terms of price-setting mechanisms. In practice, the price of palm oil is largely determined by buyers based on market conditions, which often creates injustice for farmers as sellers. From the perspective of Islamic business ethics, this practice does not fully comply with the principles of fairness, honesty, and mutual benefit, which are essential foundations of Islamic economic transactions. The study concludes that violations of Islamic business ethics principles, particularly regarding fairness in pricing, still occur in palm oil trading within the village. Therefore, improvements are needed in the transaction system so that palm oil trading in Kuala Keritang can be carried out in accordance with sharia principles, ensuring justice and mutual benefit for both sellers and buyers.

The People’s Palm Oil Replanting Program (PSR) is a national policy aimed at improving the productivity of smallholder plantations through the replanting of aging and unproductive oil palm trees. This study reviews the implementation of PSR in Indonesia by analyzing ten scholarly articles through a literature study approach. The findings indicate that program effectiveness is significantly influenced by technical support such as training, mentoring, the application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), and strategic partnerships for harvest absorption. However, implementation faces several challenges, including limited human resources, damaged equipment, inadequate funding, prolonged replanting periods, weak coordination among stakeholders, and lack of policy dissemination. Local institutions such as cooperatives (KUD) and farmer groups (Gapoktan) play crucial roles in ensuring program sustainability and inclusiveness by acting as managers and conflict mediators. Although farmers are generally ready and actively participate, regulatory constraints—particularly the requirement of financial guarantors—remain a barrier. The study recommends strengthening local institutional capacity, enhancing stakeholder synergy, and simplifying financial schemes as strategic steps to improve the long-term effectiveness of the PSR program.

This literature study examines the construction of cultural identity through socio-economic practices in plantation ecosystems among the Acehnese, Malay, and Chinese communities in Indonesia. Using a systematic literature review of 42 selected sources (1990-2023), the research reveals that plantations function as sites of identity negotiation—dynamic arenas of cultural adaptation and resistance. In Aceh, the integration of Islamic values (zakat [alms] from plantations, meunasah education) and local wisdom (peusijuek rituals) mediates post-conflict reconciliation and identity transformation from "combatants" to "farmers" (Muchlis et al., 2023; Aulia et al., 2024). For the Malay community, the customary-territorial concept of bela kampung (communal defense) underpins resistance to authority fragmentation through gotong royong (mutual cooperation) and communal land allocation (Yunanda et al., 2024; Nasution et al., 2024). Meanwhile, the Chinese community develops invisibility strategies (e.g., land acquisition via family foundations, citizenship aliases) to convert legal marginalization into clan-based social capital (Irawan, 2016; Thung, 2018). Key findings highlight divergent identity sources: religiosity (Aceh), customary-territoriality (Malay), and clan social capital (Chinese). The study recommends integrating local wisdom into inclusive plantation policies and employing ethnographic approaches to examine identity intersectionality complexity.

This study uses a qualitative method to describe the infestation of Oryctes rhinoceros beetles in oil palm plantations and its impact on crop productivity. This pest poses a major threat to oil palm cultivation due to its ability to damage the growing points of both young and mature plants, resulting in a significant decline in yield. The study was conducted through field observations and in-depth interviews with farmers and field technicians at an oil palm plantation in Sumatra. The findings reveal that Oryctes infestations are more prevalent in plantations with poor sanitation and limited implementation of regular biological control systems. Farmers predominantly rely on mechanical and chemical control methods, which have proven to be less effective due to the lack of coordinated and sustainable application. Therefore, an ecologically-based integrated pest management strategy is needed, combining biological control, cultural practices, and farmer education to effectively suppress pest populations and ensure the sustainability of oil palm production.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the impact of the crude palm oil export ban on the income of oil palm farming businesses in Danau Embat Village, Maro Sebo Ilir District. The study was conducted from January 2023 to August 2023. The types of data used were primary data and secondary data. The sample determination was carried out by simple random sampling. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative analysis was carried out using the Paired Sample t Test (Test of two paired average differences). The results of the analysis of the two average differences test were significant for oil palm farming business income between before and after the CPO export ban, this can be seen from the significant value of 0.001 which is smaller than the probability value (α) of 0.05, which means that the impact of the CPO export ban has an effect on the decline in the income of oil palm farming businesses on smallholder plantations in Danau Embat Village. The CPO export ban should be reviewed because it will have an impact on the income of oil palm farmers.

This research is titled Factors Influencing the Consumption Behavior of Palm Oil Farmers in Bulian Baru Village, Batin XXIV Subdistrict, Batanghari Regency. The objectives of this study are: (1) To explain the partial influence of Cultural Factors, Social Factors, and Personal Factors on the consumption behavior of palm oil farmers in Bulian Baru Village, Batin XXIV Subdistrict, Batanghari Regency; and (2) To explain the simultaneous influence of Cultural Factors, Social Factors, and Personal Factors on the consumption behavior of palm oil farmers in the same area. The research method used is a quantitative approach. The results of this study are: (1) Based on the regression test, it was found that partially, Cultural Factors have a significant influence on the consumption behavior of palm oil farmers in Bulian Baru Village, Batin XXIV Subdistrict, Batanghari Regency. Social Factors, on the other hand, do not have a significant partial effect, while Personal Factors do significantly influence consumption behavior in the same area. (2) Simultaneously, Cultural Factors, Social Factors, and Personal Factors have a significant influence on the consumption behavior of palm oil farmers in Bulian Baru Village, Batin XXIV Subdistrict, Batanghari Regency.

The aim of this research is to find out what factors influence farmers to convert cocoa plantation land into oil palm plantations in Tinondo District, East Kolaka Regency. The sample used was 32 farmers. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis. The research results can be concluded that the factors that cause the conversion of cocoa land to oil palm are the area of ​​cocoa land, farming experience, environmental factors and regulatory factors. Partially using the t test, cocoa land area with a significant value of 0.000, farming experience with a significant value of 0.000, environmental factors with a significant value of 0.025 and regulatory factors with a significant value of 0.000 in the positive direction and the calculated t value is greater than the t table shows that these variables has a significant influence and is the cause of farmers converting cocoa land into oil palm.

Crop and fruit crops are one type of zakat that must be paid. In the implementation of zakat for oil palm farmers in Suka Maju Village, East Mandiangin District, Sarolangun Regency, there are already some oil palm farmers who pay zakat for oil palm. However, some oil palm farmers do not understand agricultural zakat so they do not carry out their zakat obligations and they also think that the income they receive is small. The aim of this research is to describe the implementation of zakat from oil palm plantations and analyze the potential for zakat from oil palm plantations in Suka Maju Village, East Mandiangin District, Sarolangun Regency. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. The analytical method used was Miles and Huberman's theory, namely Data Collection, Data Reduction, Data Presentation, and Conclusion and Verification. The results of the research concluded that: (1) The implementation of zakat on oil palm plantations in Suka Maju Village shows diversity in the application of the conditions, calculations and amounts of zakat issued by farmers where in its implementation, the amount of zakat issued does not show conformity with these calculations; (2) The potential for zakat from oil palm plantations in Suka Maju Village, East Mandiangin District, Sarolangun Regency based on calculations on 43,000 Kg of harvest on 43 Ha of land with a natural irrigation system is IDR. 6,950,000/month.

This study aims to analyze the strategy of developing oil palm plantation business in Andabia Village, Anggaberi District, Konawe Regency. The number of research samples was 26 people. To answer the research objectives using SWOT analysis. The strategy implemented by farmers in developing oil palm business in Andabia Village is in quadrant 1 (one), which is a situation where oil palm farmers have internal strength and also have many opportunities. Therefore, oil palm farmers must use and utilize their internal strengths to the maximum and take advantage of existing opportunities. The right strategy is to use strength to take advantage of large long-term opportunities, namely with an aggressive strategy.