Publication Search

This study aims to describe the intrinsic structure and analyze the psychological aspects of the main characters in the three short stories based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data sources are texts from three satua cutet in the Nimbang Rasa anthology: I Kucil by I Komang Tri Nanda Defhayana, Idup Lara by Ni Wayan Esa Juliantini, and Pajalan Keneh by Ni Putu Ayu Ari Astiti. Results show that the intrinsic structure of all three stories employs a linear plot, with themes of diligence, perseverance, and courage. Psychological analysis based on Freud's id, ego, and superego theory reveals that I Kucil is dominated by id impulses in the form of aggressive emotion due to injustice; Ani demonstrates a strong ego in withstanding social pressure and a firm superego in upholding moral values; while Gékyu shows a balance between ego and superego when facing abuse from a teacher. This research is expected to serve as a reference in Balinese literary studies, particularly in the field of literary psychology.

Immigrant children often face challenges in adjusting and adapting to new environments. This study analyses the adaptation process of the main character, Unhei, as an Asian American immigrant child in Yangsook Choi’s picture book The Name Jar. This study examines the challenges Unhei faces in The Name Jar as she attempts to adapt and maintain her identity in a new environment in America, including language barriers, cultural differences, and social interactions with peers. This study employs a qualitative method using text and illustration analysis based on the adaptation theory proposed by Lamme et al. (2004), which consists of three stages: making transitions, making connections, and becoming American. The findings show that Unhei experiences various challenges in adapting to her new environment, including language barriers, cultural differences, and difficulties in social interaction. Unhei undergoes three stages of adaptation; making transitions, making connections, and becoming American. In the making transitions stage, Unhei experiences confusion, insecurity, and difficulty adjusting to a new cultural and social environment. In the making connections stage, she maintains connections with her Korean identity through her family, language, traditional objects, and Korean food while gradually building relationships in her new environment. In the becoming American stage, Unhei begins to adapt to American society and develops confidence in accepting her Korean identity without abandoning her cultural background. Furthermore, Unhei’s experience reflects that adaptation does not always occur smoothly, but involves a process of self-negotiation in dealing with cultural differences. The adaptation process is dynamic and influenced by both internal and external factors, and positive social interactions can help accelerate successful adaptation in a new environment.

Culture shock is a phenomenon commonly experienced by individuals who encounter unfamiliar cultural environments, including children. This phenomenon is represented in the picture book The Way We Do It in Japan through the experiences of Gregory, an Asian-American child who moves from America to Japan and faces cultural differences in daily life. This study aims to analyze the representation of cultural differences between Japan and America and to examine the stages of culture shock experienced by Gregory throughout the story. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method using textual and visual analysis of the picture book. The analysis applies Oberg’s (1960) concept of culture shock and Pedersen’s (1995) stages of culture shock, including the honeymoon, disintegration, reintegration, autonomy, and interdependence stages. The findings reveal that differences in language, social norms, daily habits, and school practices become the main triggers of Gregory’s culture shock. His experiences develop dynamically from curiosity and confusion to gradual adaptation and cultural acceptance. These experiences also contribute to Gregory’s emotional growth, adaptability, and ability to understand cultural differences more objectively. Therefore, this study highlights the important role of children’s literature in promoting intercultural understanding, empathy, and awareness of cultural diversity among young readers.

This study examine the reflection of Native american economic conditions in the 1990s as potrayed in Sherman alexie’s short story This is What It Means to say Phoenix, Arizona. As literary works often reflect social realities, this study focuses on economic struggles are represented through the experiences of the main characters, Victor and Thomas. The research employs a qualitative method with a sociology of literature approach using a Marxist perspective. The data are analyzed through a narrative examination of key events and character experiences related to economic conditions. The findings reveal tha the short story reflects persistent economic issues such as poverty, unemployment, and limited access to finansial resources, whic are rooted in historical inequality and structural marginalization. These conditions, as experienced by the characters, represent broader socio-economic realities faced by native American communities living in reservations. Therefore, this study highlights tha literary works funcition not only as artistic expressions but also as representations of social and economic realities, particulalry those of marginalized groups.

This study is motivated by the importance of politeness strategies in film discourse as a reflection of social interaction and cultural values. It aims to identify the types of politeness strategies used in the film Dilan 1990 and to determine the most dominant strategy along with its contextual use in interpersonal interactions, based on Brown and Levinson’s framework. Employing a descriptive qualitative method, the data consist of 40 utterances containing potential face-threatening acts. The data were analyzed through identification, classification, and interpretation according to four politeness strategies: Bald on Record, Positive Politeness, Negative Politeness, and Off-Record. The findings reveal that all four strategies appear in the film dialogues, with Positive Politeness as the dominant strategy, indicating closeness, humor, and social solidarity, particularly between the main characters, Dilan and Milea. Bald on Record is mainly used in instructional and hierarchical relationships, while Negative Politeness and Off-Record occur in more sensitive situations or when indirect meanings are intended. These results imply that Dilan 1990 represents politeness values within Indonesia’s collectivistic culture, especially in youth communication that emphasizes harmony and social cohesion.

This study examines the use of keigo (honorific speech) by the character Togo Nitta in the Japanese drama Ousama ni Sasagu Kusuriyubi. The research focuses on identifying the forms of keigo employed by the main character in his communicative interactions. The method applied is the observational note-taking technique, which involves carefully watching the drama, transcribing all utterances containing keigo and subsequently conducting a qualitative analysis. The data analyses employ Tsujimura’s (1991) framework of keigo, which classifies honorific expressions into three primary categories. These categories are sonkeigo (respectful language), kenjogo (humble language) and teineigo (polite language). The finding indicates that teineigo dominates Togo Nitta’s use of keigo. This form is consistently utilized to refine conversation and express politeness between the speaker and interlocutor, irrespective of relative social status. Specifically, the study identifies four lexemes realized in teineigo form and three lexemes in kenjogo form. The use of kenjogo generally occurs in contexts where Togo Nitta needs to humble himself or his in group (uchi) towards an interlocutor of higher status. These findings suggest that the character’s politeness and adapting to social norms across various situasions, as represented within the drama’s narrative.

This research analyzes the phenomenon of identity concealment bu the main character in the anime 91 Days, Angelo Lagusa, who disguises himself as Avilio Bruno to revenge his family’s murder. The focus of this research is to identify and classify the ego defense mechanisms by Sigmund Freud employed by Angelo thoughout this process of concealment. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative method and a literary psychology approach, this research aims to provide a detailed description of how ego defense mechanism is manifested in the character’s actions and behavior. Data was collected through direct observation of all episodes in the series. The analysis reveals that four primary ego defense mechanisms are predominant. These four primary ego defense mechanisms are repression, sublimation, displacement and rationalization. Repression emerges as the most prominent mechanism, characterized by Angelo’s constant effort to suppress emotional drives (id), particularly in pain, rage and trauma into the subconscious to prevent them from interfering with his primary mission. Meanwhile, sublimation is evident when he channels his emotional energy into strategic and structured planning for his revenge. Displacement is observed in moments where his anger is redirected toward less threatening targets. Furthermore, rationalization is used by Angelo to justify his harsh and cruel actions with the logic of vengeance and justice. This research concludes that Angelo as Avilio in disguise is not merely a narrative strategy but an external representation of a complex internal psychological dynamic, where the ego functions as a mediator between the demands of the emotional id and the constraints of reality. Through this analysis, this research is expected to contribute to development of literary psychology studies, particularly in understanding the psychological construction of fictional characters through a Freudian theoretical lens.

Historical video games are one of the entertainment screen media genres that represent actual historical events influencing the players to learn interactively. Moreover, in an era where technology is increasingly advanced the presence of pop culture that is included in history-based games leads people to get interested more in things that were initially boring to follow. “Sengoku BASARA” (戦国BASARA) is a successful action game featuring a main character based on Japanese feudal warlords wrapped in fictional and dramatic form published by CAPCOM which is very popular in Japan. Yet, Indonesia hasn’t developed a game based on the history of their ancient kingdom with good qualities to bring their interest to learning. The research methodology in this study using a qualitative approach includes content analysis using the 5 W 1 H technique to explore how the historical events and characters in the game are visualized and how it brings or gives the player an understanding of the history. This study aims to delve into two main points: 1. Understanding how “Sengoku BASARA” adapts the elements of their history, 2. The potential of this game as an educational tool is to introduce the historical characters as well as their story events. In conclusion, “Sengoku BASARA” does not have perfect accuracy in visualizing the original history yet it can be the first step to learning more about history interestingly and entertainingly.

Literature is not only a source of entertainment, but also a tool for contemplating human life that is full of internal conflicts and psychological issues. Short stories as a type of literature often present the realities of life in a concise yet meaningful way, making them interesting to analyze with a variety of scientific methods. This research focuses on the short story "Happiness That Kills" by applying two main approaches, namely the analysis of intrinsic elements and literary psychology. This story depicts a happy state that appears from the outside, but actually hides the emotional burden experienced by the main character, Malla. The method applied in this study is qualitative descriptive with literature study techniques, which is oriented towards the introduction of themes, plots, characters, settings, and mandates, as well as exploring the psychological dynamics of characters using Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The results of the study show that the internal conflicts in this story arise from the battle between the id, ego, and superego, especially when Malla struggles to maintain harmony in her family at the expense of herself. Overall, this short story shows that forced happiness can lead to suffering. By combining structural and psychological analysis, this study reveals the deep meaning related to social pressures, inner struggles, and humanitarian messages that the author seeks to convey. It is hoped that the results of this research can contribute to the study of literature, especially in understanding the relationship between story structure and the psychological condition of characters in contemporary literary works.

This study aims to carry out a thorough analysis of the use of stylistic elements, particularly in terms of diction and language style, as applied by Pitoyo Amrih to shape the character of Gatotkaca in the novel Sisi Gelap Gatotkaca. The character of Gatotkaca, traditionally depicted as a flawless heroic figure, is reimagined by the author through a more humanistic and reflective linguistic approach. Using a qualitative descriptive method alongside stylistic literary criticism, this article examines how linguistic units within the text serve as rhetorical tools to reveal internal conflicts, existential burdens, and the darker aspects of the main character. The analysis process involves identifying word choices that carry a melancholic tone as well as the prominent use of figurative language, including comparisons, contrasts, and emphatic statements. The findings indicate that the use of archaic and philosophical diction, combined with sharp irony and metaphor, effectively transforms the image of Gatotkaca from merely a symbol of physical strength into a representation of human psychological fragility. This research contributes to literary criticism by highlighting how an author’s language style can alter readers' perceptions of established myths within society's culture.

The film Habibie & Ainun not only presents a love story of two important national figures but also represents Indonesia’s historical journey through an emotional and inspiring personal narrative. The film combines elements of romance with social, political, and national development contexts, giving it significant potential as a popular medium for historical learning. This study aims to analyze how the film can be utilized as a medium for historical education, particularly in instilling values of nationalism, exemplary leadership, and the spirit of innovation among the wider public, especially the younger generation. This research employs a qualitative approach using narrative analysis to explore visual representations, character dialogues, and storylines that portray B.J. Habibie’s struggle to develop the national technology industry amid political and social dynamics and limited resources. The results indicate that Habibie & Ainun functions as an effective historical learning medium because it successfully connects historical facts with emotional elements that are easily understood and accepted by the public. Through the depiction of the main character’s exemplary qualities, values of dedication, and love for the nation, the film makes a significant contribution to strengthening national identity and enhancing public appreciation of contemporary Indonesian history.

This study develops a computational-based system to identify individual potential through the analysis of signature patterns using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and the Backpropagation algorithm. The research aims to explore and examine the effectiveness of applying ANN in recognizing and identifying signature patterns that are assumed to be related to an individual’s potential. In the data processing stage, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is employed as a dimensionality reduction and feature extraction technique to optimally obtain the main characteristics of signature images. The system performance evaluation is conducted using a total of 80 signature images, consisting of 60 training data and 20 testing data. This study analyzes two network architecture configurations, namely a model with one hidden layer and a model with two hidden layers. The experimental results show that both network configurations achieve the same accuracy level of 92.5%. These findings indicate that the use of Artificial Neural Networks with the Backpropagation algorithm is effective in producing high accuracy in the signature pattern recognition process. Furthermore, the developed system has broad potential applications in the field of personal identification, such as employee evaluation, selection systems, and other applications across various organizational and industrial sectors.