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This study aims to design, implement, and test a prototype that automates three functions, namely watering, fertilizing, and pest control based on Arduino Uno with the ability to directly monitor soil moisture and pH. This system is equipped with four main types of sensors. Soil condition monitoring involves an FC-28 soil moisture sensor and a soil pH sensor, water level measurement involves an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, and pest detection in the plant area involves a RIP sensor. All data obtained from these sensors is then processed by the Arduino Uno microcontroller to automatically activate actuators such as water pumps, liquid fertilizer pumps, buzzers, and DC motors according to soil conditions and plant needs. Prototype testing was conducted on simulated land with various scenarios of moisture, soil pH, and pest activity. The test results revealed that the system was proven to be able to significantly optimize water and fertilizer utilization, as well as reduce pest disturbances that could potentially damage plants.  In addition, this system also displays the operational status directly through an LCD screen, making it easy for users to monitor. The advantage of this system is its multi-function integration in a single device that is cost-effective and easy to operate. In the future, the functionality of this system can be improved through integration with Internet of Things (IoT) technology, enabling remote monitoring and control with greater efficiency. More broadly, this study is expected to support increased production and sustainable agricultural practices in Indonesia.

The increasing proportion of the elderly population in Indonesia has led to a rise in degenerative health problems, one of which is osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by decreased bone density, increasing the risk of fractures, particularly among elderly women. Low calcium intake, lack of physical activity, and limited knowledge regarding osteoporosis prevention are major contributing factors. This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge of Aisyiyah women in Cirebon Regency regarding osteoporosis in the elderly, including its definition, risk factors, impacts, and prevention strategies through proper nutrition and regular physical activity. The activity was conducted from October to December at the Aisyiyah Study Hall in Cirebon Regency, targeting pre-elderly and elderly women. The methods used included health education through lectures and interactive question-and-answer sessions, supported by laptops, LCD projectors, and PowerPoint presentations. Evaluation of participants’ knowledge was carried out using oral pre-tests and post-tests related to the delivered material. The results indicated an improvement in participants’ understanding of osteoporosis, the importance of adequate calcium intake, and the role of physical activity in maintaining bone health. This community service program is expected to contribute to increasing health awareness and reducing the risk and prevalence of osteoporosis among the elderly.

Suhu dan kelembaban merupakan parameter lingkungan yang harus dijaga pada ruang kubikel untuk memastikan peralatan distribusi listrik tetap bekerja secara optimal. Pada multi-kubikel, perbedaan fungsi dan beban menyebabkan karakteristik suhu dan kelembaban pada tiap ruang kubikel tidak sama, sehingga pemantauan secara manual menjadi kurang efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membangun prototype sistem monitoring dan kontrol suhu-kelembaban pada multi-kubikel berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) yang terdiri dari tiga buah kubikel. Sistem ini menggunakan ESP8266 sebagai mikrokontroler utama dan sensor DHT20 sebagai sensor suhu dan kelembaban yang masing-masing dipasang pada kubikel dengan kondisi lingkungan berbeda. Sistem dilengkapi dengan aktuator kipas dan lampu, serta notifikasi real-time melalui LCD dan Telegram. Meskipun kontrol dan monitoring dilakukan secara terpisah pada tiap kubikel, notifikasi kondisi seluruh kubikel terintegrasi pada satu kanal Telegram yang sama. Pengujian kinerja sistem dengan memberikan variasi suhu dan kelembaban yang berbeda untuk tiap kubikel. Kubikel 1 diberi kondisi normal (suhu 35°C-40°C dan kelembaban 50%-70%), kubikel 2 diberi kondisi overheat (suhu di atas 40°C), sedangkan kubikel 3 diberi kondisi overhumidity (kelembaban > 70%). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan sistem mampu melakukan kontrol suhu dan kelembaban dalam ruang multi-kubikel serta mengirimkan notifikasi melalui Telegram dengan tingkat keberhasilan 100% dan rata-rata delay 5,6 detik.

Abstract Kebakaran merupakan salah satu bencana yang dapat mengancam keselamatan jiwa dan harta benda, khususnya di lingkungan hunian padat seperti rumah kos. Kos Putri Kanaya Projo merupakan salah satu kos putri di Ungaran Timur, Kabupaten Semarang, yang berisiko tinggi mengalami kebakaran akibat kelalaian penghuni dalam penggunaan peralatan listrik maupun kompor gas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membangun sistem pendeteksi kebakaran dini berbasis mikrokontroler dengan dukungan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT).  Sistem dikembangkan menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32 yang terhubung dengan sensor MQ-2 (asap/gas), sensor PIR (api), dan sensor DHT22 (suhu/kelembapan). Output sistem berupa notifikasi peringatan pada aplikasi Blynk, buzzer sebagai alarm suara, serta tampilan informasi melalui LCD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah prototyping dengan tahapan perancangan, implementasi, pengujian, serta penyempurnaan sistem. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu mendeteksi asap, gas, suhu tinggi, dan api dengan akurasi di atas 90% serta memberikan notifikasi peringatan melalui aplikasi Blynk dengan waktu respon kurang dari 10 detik. Dengan demikian, sistem ini efektif sebagai solusi deteksi dini kebakaran pada lingkungan kos sehingga dapat meningkatkan keamanan dan meminimalisir risiko kerugian material maupun korban jiwa

The main problem with the water heating system on offshore platforms is the absence of water level monitoring and automatic overflow detection. This has the potential to cause hot water spills that endanger workplace safety and operational efficiency. This research designs and implements a water level monitoring system based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller with HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors. The system is equipped with LED indicators, a buzzer alarm, and a 16x2 LCD to display water level status in real-time. Water levels are classified into three zones (low, medium, high), and overflow is detected if the water is within 3 cm of the sensor. Testing was conducted on a 5-liter simulation tank representing actual 500-liter tank conditions. Test results showed a reading accuracy of 96% and a quick system response to overflow conditions (<1 second). This system is economical, easy to develop, and highly applicable for offshore environments. In addition, this system can be integrated with IoT technology for remote monitoring.

The braking system was a crucial component in ensuring the safety of motor vehicles on the road. Brake failures, such as brake fade or total malfunction, could result in fatal accidents. Therefore, an accurate and realistic testing method was necessary to measure the effectiveness of a vehicle’s braking system. This study aimed to develop a deceleration measuring device based on GPS, which could be used in road test methods. The device was designed using an ESP32 microcontroller combined with a BN-220 GPS module, RTC real-time clock sensor, 16x2 LCD, thermal printer, and microSD storage media. Testing was conducted on a Mitsubishi L300 vehicle at the Depok Beach runway in Yogyakarta, with initial speed variations ranging from 10 to 80 km/h. Calibration results showed that the device had an accuracy of 99.64% with an average error of 0.36%. Meanwhile, the test results recorded deceleration values ranging from 0.74 to 3.26 m/s², depending on the initial speed and braking conditions. Based on these findings, the developed device proved to be accurate and feasible as an alternative method for field testing of braking systems.

The development of information technology (IT) has made a significant contribution to the field of education, including at the junior high school level. This study aims to examine the implementation of information technology in the learning process of seventh-grade students at SMP Katolik St. Aloysius. The research method applied was descriptive qualitative, employing observation, teacher interviews, and student questionnaires. The findings indicate that the use of IT tools such as computers, LCD projectors, and online learning applications, particularly Google Classroom and WhatsApp Groups, has enhanced student learning motivation, facilitated easier access to learning materials, and strengthened interaction between teachers and students. Moreover, technology integration enables teachers to deliver more engaging and varied learning experiences, encouraging students to participate more actively in the classroom. Nevertheless, several challenges were identified, including limited school infrastructure, varying levels of digital literacy among students, and unequal internet access. These obstacles may hinder the effectiveness of IT implementation in the learning process. Therefore, continuous mentoring strategies, infrastructure improvement, and digital literacy training for both students and teachers are necessary. In conclusion, the implementation of information technology at SMP Katolik St. Aloysius has had a significant positive impact on the learning process but requires sustainable support and improvements to achieve optimal outcomes

Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that requires the blood to be at a temperature close to normal human body temperature, approximately 36– 38°C. Transfusing cold blood can lead to serious complications such as hypothermia, coagulation disorders, and even cardiac arrest. Therefore, a reliable and automated blood warming device is essential to ensure safe transfusions. This study aims to design and modify a Blood Warmer Thawing device based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller as an innovative and cost- effective solution, particularly for healthcare facilities with limited resources. The system integrates a DS18B20 temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of the heating medium in real time, with data displayed on a 20x4 I2C LCD. Users can set the desired temperature via a 4x4 keypad, and the system automatically adjusts the heater performance based on the detected temperature. To enhance safety and operational efficiency, the device is also equipped with a buzzer as a warning indicator when the temperature exceeds the safe threshold, and utilizes a DC motor and cooling fan to maintain proper heat circulation. Test results indicate that the device is capable of maintaining the liquid temperature within the ideal range for blood transfusions, with high stability and fast response to temperature changes. This innovation offers a practical, affordable, and easy-to-implement solution to support effective and safe blood transfusion procedures in various healthcare settings.

An electrostimulator is a medical device designed to deliver controlled electrical stimulation to nerves and muscles, supporting rehabilitation and therapy for patients with neuromuscular disorders. This study focuses on designing and developing a portable electrostimulator that offers three distinct waveform modes: continuous wave, discontinuous wave, and dense-disperse wave, providing versatility for different therapeutic needs. The device is powered and controlled by an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller, coupled with a Nextion touchscreen LCD interface that allows users to adjust waveform type, frequency, and stimulation intensity with ease. Waveforms are generated through an NE555 IC circuit, with amplitude adjusted via a potentiometer and subsequently amplified using a step-up transformer to achieve therapeutic voltage levels. Functionality and performance tests were conducted using an oscilloscope, and the device was benchmarked against a commercial KWD-808 electrostimulator. Results demonstrate that the developed electrostimulator reliably produces the intended waveforms, achieving peak voltages up to 32V and frequencies ranging from 33.3 Hz to 66.6 Hz, confirming its effectiveness and feasibility for non-clinical nerve and muscle therapy applications.

Infusion Device Analyzer is a tool for testing the performance of an infusion pump and Syringe Pump. This tool measures flow and occlusion provided by the infusion pump and syringe pump. So a tool is needed to calibrate the infusion pump and syringe pump according to applicable standards so that swelling does not occur in the patient. The design of this calibration tool can also be used as student learning material so that students can understand and comprehend the working principles of the Infusion Device Analyzer. This tool is made using the Arduino Uno control system and there is an occlusion and flow measurement display along with room temperature and humidity which will be displayed on the Nextiton 4'3 Inch LCD. Accompanied by an optocoupler sensor as a liquid flow detector and an MPX5700AP sensor as a liquid pressure detector which is equipped with a DHT22 sensor as a room temperature and humidity meter. This calibrator tool is also equipped with a solenoid valve to regulate the entry of fluid to be measured between flow or occlusion measurements. The function test results show that the flowrate measurement of 10 is 12ml/h, 50 is 54ml/h, 100 is 105ml/h while the occlusion with a rate of 100 is 2.66 psi and the tolerance value for the parameters is appropriate. Therefore, the tool created is close to the desired plan and can be used as a suitable comparison of whether a Syringe Pump or Infusion Pump tool is suitable after repairs or during maintenance. This tool can also be used in learning for students to understand the parts of the working principle of this tool.

Water is an essential component in the body that plays a role in various physiological functions, including concentration and learning performance in adolescents. However, teenagers' awareness to consume enough water is still low. This service activity aims to increase the knowledge and awareness of SMP Negeri 1 Kolaka students about the importance of drinking water through health education. The activity method was carried out by interactive counseling using PowerPoint media displayed through an LCD projector and conducted in the school hall on 19 November 2024, attended by 70 students from classes VII to IX. The material was delivered in an engaging manner and was complemented by discussion sessions. The results of the activity showed an increase in student enthusiasm and participation, as well as an awareness to start bringing drinking water to school and reduce the consumption of sugary drinks. This activity proved effective in fostering students' understanding of the importance of adequate hydration for health. The students expressed a greater willingness to incorporate healthier habits, particularly bringing water to school and making informed choices about hydration. Moreover, they became more aware of the negative impacts of sugary drinks. The activity's success highlights the importance of continued support from schools to create a healthy learning environment and to encourage healthy behaviors that can positively impact students' overall health and academic performance.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) leakage remains one of the leading causes of fires in both household and industrial environments, highlighting the urgent need for early detection systems that provide fast and accurate warnings. This study aims to design and implement an LPG leakage detection device based on the ESP8266 microcontroller, utilizing the MQ-6 gas sensor and a real-time notification system through Telegram Bot integration. The system operates by reading LPG gas concentration via the MQ-6 sensor, which is then processed by the ESP8266 to automatically activate a buzzer alarm and a DC fan when gas levels exceed the threshold of 200 ppm. Additionally, the system sends instant alert notifications to the user through the Telegram application, allowing remote monitoring of gas conditions. Real-time gas concentration data are also displayed using a 16x2 LCD for direct visualization. System testing was carried out through controlled gas leakage simulations, and the results showed that the device is capable of responding rapidly, with a reaction time of less than 2 seconds after detection, while consistently providing accurate warnings. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology significantly enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of the system, enabling practical and accessible monitoring. Overall, the developed device demonstrates strong potential as an innovative solution to improve safety, minimize fire risks, and raise public awareness regarding the hazards of LPG leakage, making it suitable for practical application in households and small industries.

As an archipelagic country, Indonesia has significant potential for the utilization of renewable energy, particularly wind energy in maritime areas with low wind speeds (3–6 m/s). This study aims to design and test a vertical Savonius wind turbine system equipped with a Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm as a power source for shipboard water heating systems. The research method applied is Research and Development (R&D), integrating several components such as a DC generator, full-wave bridge rectifier, INA219 current sensor, anemometer cup sensor, ESP32 microcontroller, and a monitoring interface utilizing Google Spreadsheet and a 20x4 LCD. The system was tested under two operating conditions: without MPPT and with MPPT. The experimental results show that the application of the MPPT algorithm successfully increased power output by up to 272.64% while maintaining voltage stability despite varying wind speeds. Nevertheless, the average output power of 2.605 W remained insufficient to meet water heating requirements within a short time. For example, charging a 12V 50Ah battery would require approximately 9.6 consecutive days of operation, highlighting the system’s limitations in high-demand scenarios. Despite these constraints, the findings demonstrate that the vertical Savonius wind turbine integrated with MPPT has strong potential as a clean and environmentally friendly alternative energy solution for maritime applications, particularly for small-scale onboard electrical loads. This study contributes to renewable energy utilization in the shipping sector and provides a foundation for further technological development and optimization.

Public Fuel Filling Stations (SPBU) are important facilities that provide various types of fuel such as gasoline, diesel, and Pertamax to meet the needs of motorized vehicles. The existence of SPBU greatly helps the public in obtaining fuel at a more economical price compared to purchasing retail. However, the transaction system at SPBU generally still uses conventional methods, such as cash payments or the use of debit/credit cards that have not been fully integrated with an efficient digital system. The use of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology has been implemented as a non-cash transaction method at several SPBUs, but this system still has various weaknesses, such as limited device compatibility and delays in transaction processing. This prompted the author to develop the concept of an independent SPBU based on modern technology that is more efficient and secure. The proposed innovation includes the use of contactless smart cards and coin acceptors for the payment system, allowing users to make self-service transactions without operator involvement. In addition, the author also added several supporting components such as proximity sensors, which function to detect the presence of vehicles or people around the SPBU area. These sensors can help in saving electrical energy by activating the system only when needed. Another component is a vibration sensor, which plays a crucial role in detecting excessive vibrations that could potentially cause leaks. If excessive vibration is detected, the system automatically closes the solenoid on the pump to prevent the risk of fire or damage. By integrating this technology, the autonomous gas station system is expected to improve operational efficiency, user convenience, and safety during the automatic refueling process. This development is expected to be an innovative solution for modernizing the gas station system in Indonesia.

This study focuses on the development of an interactive web-based learning platform for Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control systems, aimed at addressing the conceptual challenges faced by electrical engineering students when learning PID through conventional teaching methods. Despite its foundational role in control theory, PID remains difficult to grasp without practical visualization and hands-on experimentation. To bridge this gap, the research introduces a practical and accessible platform that enhances conceptual understanding through real-time simulations and physical interaction. The proposed system integrates key hardware components including an ESP-32 microcontroller, DC motor, rotary encoder, BTS 7960 motor driver, and I2C LCD. The platform’s web interface is built using HTML, Tailwind CSS, and JavaScript, enabling intuitive user interaction. Motor response data is captured via the ESP-32 and transmitted to the web interface using the WebSocket protocol, allowing users to instantly visualize system behavior as PID parameters (Kp, Ki, Kd) are adjusted. This dynamic feedback mechanism enables students to observe changes in system characteristics such as rise time, overshoot, and settling time in real time. To evaluate the platform’s feasibility, practicality, and educational effectiveness, beta testing was conducted among electrical engineering students using Likert-scale questionnaires. The results demonstrated that users were able to successfully interpret the impact of PID tuning on system performance. The average evaluation score reached 75.13%, indicating strong agreement regarding the platform’s educational value and its effectiveness in enhancing learning outcomes. In conclusion, the study affirms that the developed web-based platform offers a feasible, engaging, and pedagogically effective alternative to traditional learning approaches. By combining interactive simulations with physical experimentation, the platform significantly improves students’ understanding of PID control systems.

The Karanggeneng River in Rembang Regency, Central Java, serves as the main water source for the surrounding community but is vulnerable to seawater contamination during the dry season due to decreasing river elevation. To address this issue, this study aims to design and implement a river water elevation monitoring device based on the Internet of Things (IoT) powered by a hybrid Solar Power Plant (PLTS). The device utilizes the MB7360 ultrasonic sensor connected to an ESP32 microcontroller to measure water elevation in real-time and display the data through an LCD and the Blynk application on a smartphone. The methodology includes literature review, device design, system implementation, and field performance testing. Test results show that the sensor can measure water height accurately within a range of 30 cm to 5 meters, and the PLTS system is capable of supplying the required 0.56 Watts of power. The study compared two alternative solutions and selected the ESP32-based system as the best option due to its efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and easy-to-source components. The conclusion of this research indicates that the developed device can provide accurate and continuous information, support monitoring of river conditions to prevent the risk of seawater intrusion, flooding, or drought, and has the potential to be applied as a mobile system in various other river locations across Indonesia.

The knee is the largest joint in the human body. Like other joints, the knee consists of several structures, such as muscle cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and nerves. Almost all leg movements depend on the knee joint. Therefore, the Knee Brace or Health Knee Brace is a tool designed to provide stability support and reduce knee pain. The purpose of this study was to design and build an Arduino-based knee pain therapy tool and to test the safety and effectiveness of the tool in reducing knee pain. This tool is designed using Arduino Mega as a microcontroller, using a DS18b20 sensor that functions as a temperature reader on the Knee support which has a heater pad as a heat generator, a Vibration Motor as a vibration effect giver on the tool and a 2.4 TFT LCD Touch Screen as a display and a 12V adapter on this tool. According to the analysis of the tool made by the researcher, based on the results of the function and performance tests, the Arduino-based Knee Pain Therapy tool can function properly and safely.

Blood pressure is a crucial factor in the circulatory system of the human body. It refers to the amount of force exerted by the blood on the inner walls of the arteries when it is pumped throughout the circulatory system. Blood pressure can be measured using a device known as a digital sphygmomanometer, which determines systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and beats per minute (BPM) of the human heart. As technology evolves, the digital sphygmomanometer has been enhanced with features such as the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT in healthcare refers to the use of information technology to enable remote health monitoring by healthcare professionals. A digital sphygmomanometer equipped with IoT facilitates the exchange of diagnostic information, treatment decisions, and prevention of diseases and injuries. This IoT-based digital sphygmomanometer is designed using the ESP32 microcontroller. A DC motor is used to apply pressure to the cuff, and a solenoid valve is used to release air from the cuff. The MPX5700AP sensor detects systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as BPM. The system also includes a motor driver to control the DC motor and solenoid, a Nextion LCD display to show blood pressure results, and a web server to display and store measurement data. The percentage of measurement error for systolic pressure ranges from the smallest error of 3% to the highest error of 25%. For diastolic pressure, the error ranges from 4% to 36%. As for BPM, the smallest error recorded is 13.6%, and the highest is 70.2%. This device helps patients monitor their systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and BPM, with results saved and monitored through a database system.

Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a communication technology that plays an important role in improving operational safety and efficiency in the shipping industry. AIS allows ships to exchange real-time data on identity, position, speed, and direction, which helps prevent collisions and facilitates maritime traffic management by port authorities. In addition, AIS functions in search and rescue operations by providing accurate information on the location of ships in trouble. In terms of security, AIS allows monitoring of suspicious ships, thus helping in preventing illegal activities in the waters. This study aims to design and develop a prototype AIS receiver based on LoRa, Arduino, and LCD HMI. The LoRa module was chosen because of its ability to transmit data over long distances with low power consumption, which is suitable for the maritime environment. Arduino is used as the main microcontroller to control the system, while the LCD HMI serves as the display interface for the received data. After the hardware and software design was completed, the system was tested through functional testing and performance measurements using a spectrum analyzer to evaluate the strength of the LoRa signal at various distances. The test results show that the AIS receiver is able to receive data well up to 15 meters on land and 13 meters at sea, with a delay of 100 milliseconds. System performance degrades at longer distances due to environmental interference and signal attenuation. These findings provide insight into the effective limits of LoRa communication in maritime applications and can be used as a reference for frequency testing and optimization of LoRa-based long-range communication systems.

Efficient and accurate fuel management systems are becoming increasingly important as energy needs and operational complexity increase in various industrial sectors. This study aims to design and implement a fuel flow monitoring and control system using a variable control valve. This system allows real-time monitoring of the level and flow of fuel in the service tank on the ship, as well as automated control. In its implementation, ultrasonic sensors, control valves are combined with LM2596 connected to Arduino nano for data collection, analysis and visualization. The test results show that this system is able to provide accurate data on the flow and level of fuel in the service tank on the ship by displaying the measurement results on the LCD and providing warnings via a buzzer. The LCD display shows the reading of the fuel level and valve opening in the tank. At a fuel level of 0 - 25% the valve will open 100% and requires an average filling time of 25 seconds, At a fuel level of 25% - 50% the valve will open 75% and requires an average filling time of 27 seconds, At a fuel level of 50 - 75% the valve will open 50% and requires an average filling time of 30 seconds, At a fuel level of 75 - 99% the valve will open 25% and requires an average filling time of 32 seconds.