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The phenomenon of broken home families among elementary school students has become a significant social and psychological issue affecting learning motivation, emotional stability, character development, and academic achievement. This study aims to analyze the relationship between incomplete family conditions and students’ learning motivation, as well as the role of cognitive resilience, social support, and the school environment in maintaining academic achievement among students at MI Al Ikhlas Ancaran. Specifically, this study examines: (1) students’ cognitive conditions and learning motivation, (2) factors influencing cognitive resilience, (3) the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in supporting learning motivation, and (4) Islamic value-based strategies to strengthen students’ cognitive resilience and learning motivation. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The participants included students from broken home families, Islamic Religious Education teachers, and homeroom teachers. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, while validity was ensured through source and method triangulation. The findings indicate that students from broken home families generally possess relatively good cognitive resilience, enabling them to adapt to academic challenges and manage emotional stress effectively. Their learning motivation was categorized as moderate to good, reflecting strong internal encouragement to achieve despite family difficulties. The study also found that Islamic value-based strategies effectively strengthen cognitive resilience and learning motivation. Furthermore, a positive relationship exists between cognitive resilience and learning motivation, where higher resilience contributes to stronger learning motivation. Supportive family environments, madrasah settings, and positive peer relationships were identified as important factors in enhancing students’ resilience and academic motivation.

This study aims to determine how the implementation of the cooperative learning model can contribute to students' cognitive development in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at SMA Negeri 1 Kasihan. The background of this study is based on the low level of active student involvement in the PAI learning process, which is still dominated by conventional lecture methods. The study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation of PAI teachers and grade 11 students. The results showed that the implementation of cooperative learning encouraged students to be more active in discussions, think critically, and understand religious concepts in depth. This model also improved social skills, responsibility, and collaboration among students. Thus, cooperative learning not only strengthens the cognitive domain but also develops students' affective and psychomotor aspects in a balanced manner. These findings demonstrate that cooperative learning is effectively used in PAI learning as an effort to create an interactive, collaborative, and meaningful learning process.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using Problem Based Learning (PBL) oriented E-LAPD to improve students' metacognitive skills on chemical equilibrium material, especially on the sub-material of factors that influence chemical equilibrium shifts. This study was conducted at SMAS Hang Tuah 4 Surabaya class XII-2 as many as 25 students. The type of research used is research and development (R&D) with a 4-D model that was tested on a limited basis using a one-group pretest-posttest design. Scoring on the pretest-posttest uses N-gain (normalized gain) which aims to determine the increase in metacognitive skills through the results of students' pretest-posttest scores. The results showed that the N-gain value for each component of metacognitive skills, namely planning skills, monitoring skills, and evaluating skills, obtained values ​​​​sequentially, namely 0.85; 0.73; and 0.74 which are included in the high category, from the assessment shows that the use of PBL oriented E-LAPD is declared effective in improving students' metacognitive skills. This is supported by the results of the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) questionnaire, which showed a percentage of planning skills of 82.43% with very good criteria, monitoring skills of 81.86% with very good criteria, and evaluating skills of 77.67% with good criteria. These results indicate that the MAI questionnaire can support pretest-posttest data to determine the improvement of metacognitive skills in students.

The hyper-connected work era has fundamentally blurred the temporal and psychological boundaries between professional and personal spheres, triggering a productivity paradox phenomenon where increased digital connectivity is inversely proportional to long-term cognitive efficiency. Consequently, this research aims to explore deeply and comprehensively the critical roles of cognitive resilience and digital wellbeing strategies as vital preventive mechanisms against the rising risk of burnout resulting from cumulative cognitive fatigue. Employing a qualitative approach with a rigorous literature review design, this study synthesizes extensive secondary literature retrieved from accredited academic databases and global policy reports within the last five years to analyze current trends and theoretical frameworks. The in-depth analysis reveals that cognitive resilience, significantly bolstered by metacognitive digital literacy, functions as an adaptive shield against the mounting pressures of information overload and attention fragmentation. Furthermore, the findings emphatically confirm that sustainable productivity is not achieved through borderless connectivity, but rather necessitates disciplined cognitive energy management and the strict implementation of "right to disconnect" protocols. Concluding the study, it is strongly recommended that organizations integrate comprehensive digital wellbeing policies into their work culture architecture to safeguard long-term employee performance and ensure organizational sustainability amidst the challenges of the attention economy.  

Expressive feelings therapy is a form of mental health nursing modality therapy that aims to help individuals express their thoughts and emotions openly without violating the rights of others. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of cognitive therapy focused on “expressing feelings” in improving emotional expression abilities among female patients in the recovery phase at the Anggrek Ward of the Aceh Government Mental Hospital. This descriptive qualitative study was conducted through group therapy activities with structured stages, using media such as emotion expression picture cards and a spin-the-bottle game as interaction stimuli. The population consisted of 18 patient in the Anggrek ward, with a sample of 12 patients who were cooperative, psychologically stable, able to communicate bidirectionally, and willing to participate in group therapy. The results showed that participants experienced an improvement in their ability to express emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, and anxiety more openly, accompanied by increased social interaction and reduced emotional tension. The therapy also encouraged greater self-confidence and a sense of emotional relief. These findings support that expressive feelings therapy can be incorporated as part of routine nursing interventions for patients who experience difficulties in emotional regulation. It is recommended that further research be conducted over a longer duration and with a broader scope to strengthen the validity of the findings.

This study aims to identify factors associated with fast food consumption behavior among adolescents based on the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) through a literature review. A descriptive literature review was conducted using nine peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2025, retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The findings indicate that adolescent fast food consumption behavior is influenced by two main components of SCT, namely personal factors and environmental factors. Personal factors were predominantly examined through the knowledge variable, which showed inconsistent associations with fast food consumption, while other personal variables, although mostly related, lacked consistent empirical support across studies. In contrast, environmental factors demonstrated more consistent associations, particularly peer influence, mass media exposure, parental influence, and pocket money, which were repeatedly identified as significant determinants of fast food consumption among adolescents. In conclusion, adolescent fast food consumption behavior is more strongly influenced by environmental factors than by personal factors, highlighting the importance of multi-level interventions that address social and environmental contexts in shaping healthy eating behaviors among adolescents.

The paradigm of Islamic education requires the integration of Western learning theories with an Islamic perspective to create a holistic approach to education. With the rapid development of psychological theories in education, such as behaviorism, cognition, humanism, and constructivism, it is essential to examine their relevance within the context of Islamic education. This article aims to analyze the integration of these theories in Islamic learning, with a focus on their connection to key Islamic concepts such as reward-punishment (pahala-dosa), reflection (tafakkur), self-actualization, mutual assistance (ta'awun), and consultation (syura). This study uses a literature review method with a qualitative approach. Articles were gathered through Google Scholar and Publish or Perish with keywords "Behaviorism in Islamic Education" AND "Cognitive Learning in Islam" AND "Humanistic Approach in Islamic Education" AND "Constructivism in Islamic Education." Of the initial 40 articles obtained, a screening process resulted in 5 articles that met the publication criteria (2020–2025), relevance to the topic, and open access. The review results show that integrating these theories into Islamic education can enrich the learning process by linking moral, social, and spiritual elements that are essential in Islamic teachings. This literature synthesis reveals the importance of integrating psychological theories with the principles of Islamic education to create a more comprehensive and holistic educational system. Further research should develop empirical methodologies and more detailed and practical application models in Islamic education practice.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the use of kahoot game media on the cognitive learning outcomes of moral beliefs in grade VII C MTS negeri 1 Tuban students. The background of this research is the low enthusiasm and learning outcomes of students in learning moral beliefs which are still dominated by conventional methods while the characteristics of agency students demand a more interactive and adaptive learning approach to technology. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design of one group pretest design involving 34 students as a sample. This research instrument is in the form of a multiple-choice cognitive learning outcome test of 20 questions covering 4 levels of bloom taxonomy, namely remembering, understanding, applying, and analyzing. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and normalistic calculations, the results of the study showed a significant increase in students' cognitive learning outcomes where the average class score increased from 66.03 in the pre-test to 80.29 in the post-test with an engine value of 0.42 which was in the medium category. These findings identify that kahood media has a positive impact on improving students' cognitive learning outcomes.

Islamic character education faces dual challenges: declining moral values among students and conventional teaching methods inadequate for developing higher-order thinking skills. This study examines the implementation of a smart learning environment (SLE) model to enhance metacognitive understanding in Aqidah Akhlak (Islamic Creed and Ethics) instruction among eighth-grade students at MTs Salafiyah Merakurak. Employing a mixed-methods action research design, involved 16 eighth-grade students divided into two groups. Data collection utilized classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and learning documentation. The SLE model integrated Google Classroom, interactive video content, WhatsApp Group discussions, and Google Forms assessments to create a technology-enhanced learning ecosystem. Findings revealed substantial improvements in students' metacognitive capacities: planning skills increased from 25% to 75%, monitoring abilities rose from 31% to 81%, and evaluation competencies grew from 19% to 69%. Students demonstrated enhanced learning autonomy, active participation in collaborative discussions, and improved self-reflection on content comprehension. The SLE approach successfully fostered engaging learning experiences while facilitating deeper internalization of Islamic ethical values. However, implementation encountered constraints including limited technological infrastructure and varied digital literacy levels among students. This research underscores the critical need for developing teachers' digital competencies and strengthening madrasah technological infrastructure to optimize technology-integrated Islamic education.

Penurunan kognitif berkorelasi kuat dengan penurunan kualitas hidup secara keseluruhan, meningkatkan risiko isolasi sosial, depresi, dan ketergantungan sehingga perlu adanya Upaya pencegahan penurunan fungsi kognitif. Hasil wawancara dengan Kepala Puskesmas Sekaran menyampaikan bahwa dari 5 Kelurahan yang dibina oleh Puskesmas Sekaran, Kelurahan Sukorejo termasuk wilayah yang memiliki masalah kesehatan yang kompleks. Masalah kesehatan terkait lansia perlu mendapatkan perhatian yang tidak kalah penting juga. Kesehatan lansia yang di bawah pengelolaan posyandu lansia di daerah Kelurahan Sukerejo Deliksari telah berjalan dengan baik. Hanya saja wilayah tersebut terkait penanganan masalah kesehatan kognitif lansia masih perlu mendapatkan perhatian yang lebih. Salah satu gangguan fungsi kognitif pada lansia adalah demensia. Penanganan kesehatan terkait demensia di wilayah tersebut tidak ada, hal ini dikarenakan kader posyandu lansia menganggap masalah demensia atau pikun meruapakan yang wajar dan normal bagi lansia. Maka diperlukan upaya promotif dan pencegahan dengan diadakannya pengabdian masyarakat terkait peran kader dalam deteksi dini lansia dengan demensia. Setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan Lansia mengatakan bahwa perlu melakukan kegiatan untuk tetap menjaga daya ingat diusia senja.

This study aims to analyze in depth the role of drumband extracurricular activities in developing motor and cognitive abilities of early childhood at Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 50 Kindergarten, Surabaya. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and the distribution of questionnaires involving teachers, parents, and students as research subjects. The results show that drumband activities provide a positive contribution to the development of gross and fine motor skills of children, especially through rhythmic movement exercises, hand-eye coordination, and body control when playing musical instruments. In addition to motor aspects, drumband activities also play a role in improving children's cognitive abilities, such as concentration, memory, the ability to follow instructions, and understanding musical patterns and rhythms. Children's active participation in drumband activities also helps shape discipline, the ability to work together in groups, and increases children's self-confidence. Thus, drumband extracurricular activities can be used as an effective and enjoyable learning medium to support the motor and cognitive development of early childhood holistically and sustainably.

The use of electronic cigarettes (vapes) among adolescents continues to increase and has emerged as a significant public health concern influenced by the interaction of individual, social, and environmental factors. This study aims to comprehensively riview the factors influencing adolescent e-cigarette use from the perspective of Social Cognitive Theory. A descriptive-narrative literature review was conducted using empirical national and international studies published between 2015 and 2025 and retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The synthesis of the literature indicates that adolescent vaping behavior is influenced by social environmental factors, including peer influence and exposure to social media, as well as personal cognitive factors such as knowledge, risk perception, outcome expectations, and self-efficacy. These factors operate thorugh observational learning and reciprocal interactions between individuals, environment, and behavior. This review concludes that Social Cognitive Theory provides a relevant and comprehensive framework for understanding adolescent vaping behavior and offers a foundations for the development of effective health promotion interventions and preventive policies.

This study aims to analyze the influence of parenting styles on the cognitive development of early childhood children at KB AN-Nisa, South City District, Gorontalo City. The background of the study highlights that some children face difficulties in recognizing shapes, colors, and numbers, which are critical components of early cognitive development. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing observation and documentation techniques, involving a sample of 5 children out of a total of 35 students. The study explores how different parenting styles, including authoritarian, permissive, and democratic, impact the cognitive development of young children. The results demonstrate significant variations in cognitive abilities among children, influenced by the type of parenting they receive. Specifically, children raised in a responsive and supportive environment tend to show better cognitive development, particularly in areas such as shape and color recognition. These findings emphasize the crucial role of parenting style in providing cognitive stimulation for early childhood. They also highlight the importance of collaboration between parents and schools to optimize the cognitive development of young children, suggesting that a balanced, supportive approach to parenting can positively influence children’s learning outcomes. Therefore, this research contributes to understanding the connection between parenting and cognitive development in early childhood.

This study aims to synthesize the literature on cognitive bias in auditor decision-making from 2015–2025. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method guided by the PRISMA framework, 50 scientific articles were systematically analyzed. A multi-level analysis was conducted to identify dominant types of biases, their influencing factors at the individual, organizational, and institutional levels, and effective mitigation strategies. The findings reveal four primary cognitive biases: anchoring, confirmation, overconfidence, and availability bias. Factors influencing the emergence of these biases include auditor experience and professional skepticism (micro-level), time pressure and organizational culture (meso-level), as well as professional regulations and the adoption of technology like AI (macro-level), which gives rise to automation bias. Identified mitigation strategies include bias-awareness training, the use of decision support tools, and strengthening professional skepticism through a supportive organizational culture. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of cognitive bias and offers practical implications for the development of training programs, professional policies, and audit system design in the digital era to enhance audit quality and objectivity.

Dysmenorrhea atau dismenore didefinisikan sebagai menstruasi yang menyakitkan serta keluhan ginekologi paling umum terjadi pada wanita usia muda yaitu usia remaja. Keluhan yang dirasakan yaitu nyeri atau kram di perut bagian bawah yang muncul sebelum atau saat menstruasi. Dismenore berpengaruh terhadap gangguan psikologis seperti depresi, kecemasan dan somatisati yang dapat menghambat perkembangan pada remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kejadian dysmenorrhea terhadap perkembangan remaja putri. Jenis penelitian ini survei analitik observasional melalui pendekatan cross seictional stuidy. Populasi adalah seluruh siswi sebanyak 42 orang serta teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kuesioner. Analisis data yaitu analisa univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian terdapat pengaruh kejadian dysmenorrhea terhadap perkembangan sosial remaja putri dengan nilai p = 0,032, terdapat pengaruh kejadian dysmenorrhea terhadap perkembangan emosional remaja putri dengan nilai p = 0,014, terdapat pengaruh kejadian dysmenorrhea terhadap perkembangan kognitif remaja putri dengan nilai p = 0,047, terdapat pengaruh kejadian dysmenorrhea terhadap perkembangan moral remaja putri dengan nilai p = 0,029. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu ada pengaruh kejadian dysmenorrhea terhadap perkembangan remaja putri.

This research aimed to know how does puzzle game conduct in developing children cognitive in age 5 to 6 years old at TK Negeri Pembina of Sorong Regency. The result of this research indicated that there was an influence on puzzle game toward cognitive development of before and after using puzzle game. It meant that the use puzzle game can help to stimulate the childrens’ cognitive development, especially on the ability if problem solving for students in age 5 to 6 years old. For this research had function to describe the effectiveness of puzzle game ini increasing childrens’ cognitive development in age 5 to 6 years old. To collect the data, this researcy used observation sheet, interview and documentation. The result of observation sheets and interview, the research applied puzzle game to be able improve cognitive development of students class B in age 5 to 6 years old.

This study aims to identify the numeracy ability of grade I students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Based on Cognitive Level. The research method used is quantitative with a descriptive approach. The population used by all students of MIN 4 Medan. Sampling from the population used the Issac Michael technique which obtained a result of 249 from the entire population. Furthermore, samples were taken using cluster sampling which was specifically for classes I, A and I B, a total of 56. The test instrument is in the form of an objective description of the "filling" and the results are in the form of scores. The data analysis in this study is a descriptive quantitative data analysis. The results showed the numeracy ability of students in class I MIN 4 Medan, namely: 1) the level of remembering for the "high" category was 37 students or 75.51%; for the "medium" category: there are 4 students or 8.16%; and the "low" category there are 8 students or 16.32%. 2) the level of understanding for the "high" category was 28 students or 57.41%; the "medium" category has 16 students or 32.65%; and the "low" category there are 5 students or 10.20%. 3) the application rate for the "high" category was 18 students or 36.73%; the "medium" category has 29 students or 59.18%; and the "low" category has 2 students or 4.08%. The implication in this study is to increase the practice of contextual questions and carry out game-based learning.

This study examines the influence of musical intelligence on the cognitive development of early childhood children at TK IT Nurul Ilmi. Employing a quantitative correlational approach, this research involves a sample of early childhood children at the kindergarten. The data collection instruments consist of a musical intelligence test and a cognitive development test. Data analysis using Pearson correlation indicates a positive and significant relationship between musical intelligence and cognitive development. The higher the musical intelligence, the higher the cognitive development. These findings suggest the integration of musical activities in the PAUD curriculum to stimulate children's cognitive development. Further research needs to be conducted to examine the most effective types of musical activities and other factors that influence this relationship.  

This study aims to improve the cognitive development of children aged 4–5 years through observation of learning activities in a kindergarten. This study uses a descriptive observation method with five children as subjects. Observations were conducted for two days to observe children's abilities in several cognitive aspects, including the ability to find solutions when facing difficulties, group small and large objects, mention numbers 1–10, and distinguish between various colors. Data were collected through field notes using assessment instruments compiled based on indicators of early childhood cognitive development. The results of the study showed that most children were in the Very Well Developed (BSB) category for all observed indicators, although there were some children who were in the Developing According to Expectations (BSH) category. These findings indicate that the learning strategies implemented by educators have been able to stimulate cognitive development optimally, and can be used as a reference in compiling further learning programs.

This research is a research and development (Research and Development) that aims to develop an e-module oriented to Problem Based Learning (PBL) on the reaction rate material that is practically used in the learning process. The development model used is the 4D model consisting of four stages, namely Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. However, this study is limited to the Develop stage, which was tested on a limited basis at SMA Assa'adah Gresik. Data were obtained through student response questionnaires and learning activity observation sheets. The results of the analysis show that the e-module developed is classified as very practical. This is indicated by the results of the student response questionnaire which obtained a percentage of 96% with a very practical category, and is supported by the results of observations of student activities which also reached a percentage of 96% in the same category. Thus, this e-module is worthy of being used as an alternative effective and interactive learning media on the reaction rate material.