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The rampant corruption that continues to be demonstrated by public officials makes it seem as if the law has run out of ways to overcome it. And corruption is a type of crime that is only committed by people who have high intellectual capacity and ability. They continue to try how to avoid corruption crimes, so one of the methods they use is the pattern of giving gifts which is actually intended as a form of bribery. This study analyzes the concept of bribery and gratification and the parameters that differentiate between the two as regulated in several Articles of the Corruption Eradication Law. This involves the application of normative legal research supported by court decisions to clarify the differences. The results of this study indicate that bribery requires a meeting of minds between the bribe giver and the bribe recipient which is not found in the decision . The reporting mechanism and reversal of the burden of proof do not apply to bribery while the sting operation does not apply to gratification because it cannot meet the provisions of Article 1 number 19 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Criminal sanctions are also imposed on both the giver and the recipient of the bribe, while the act of the giver of gratification is not a criminal act. Keywords: reversal of burden of proof, caught red-handed, reporting mechanism .

Based on Article 351 (Paragraph 1) of the Criminal Code on ordinary persecution where in this article persecution is divided into three parts, namely ordinary, mild and severe persecution as in the case that I took to make this thesis with case number 2/Pid.B/2019/PN. In this case, the panel of judges sentenced the perpetrator of persecution to 10 months imprisonment, while the sentence that should have been imposed on the perpetrator of ordinary persecution was 2 years and 8 months by considering various kinds of evidence and factors of persecution, This study aims to analyze cases of persecution that refer to Article 351 of the Criminal Code (KUHP) in Indonesia.  In this analysis, we identify the elements necessary to determine whether an act can be classified as maltreatment under Article 351 of the Criminal Code.  This research involves a case study and analysis of the Depok district court decision, as well as referring to applicable laws and regulations.  The results of this analysis may provide a better understanding of the application of Article 351 of the Criminal Code in cases of maltreatment and its implications for the criminal justice system in Indonesia.   Keywords: Maltreatment under Article 351 of the Penal Code

This research aims to identify and synthesize previous research related to optimizing Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in improving students' critical thinking skills in mathematics learning through a systematic literature review. Data was collected from relevant scientific articles published in the last 10 years using certain keywords through databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. The results of the literature review show that the application of PBL consistently plays a role in improving students' critical thinking abilities, especially when supported by strategies such as the use of relevant contextual problems, structured feedback, and directed teacher guidance. These findings confirm the constructivist theory which states that meaningful learning occurs when students are actively involved in authentic problem solving. However, there are variations in results across educational levels and countries, indicating the importance of contextual adaptation in the implementation of PBL. In addition, the lack of comprehensive practical guidance and long-term evaluation instruments is a major obstacle. The conclusions of this research emphasize the need to develop clearer PBL implementation guidelines and more accurate evaluation instruments to measure its impact on students' critical thinking abilities, as well as the potential of PBL in improving the quality of mathematics learning that encourages critical thinking skills as an important competency in 21st century education.

The research conducted on this occasion was used by researchers to determine the influence of several variables which include: (1) understanding of accounting, (2) use of information technology, (3) HR competency on the quality of financial reports which in this research is moderated using implementation of the Minister of Cooperatives Regulation. This research has been supported by population data, namely all cooperatives in the Gianyar Regency area with data reaching 1,285 units. In carrying out the sampling process, this research used a purposive sampling technique, so that sample data was successfully obtained with a total of 171 cooperatives. The researchers have chosen a data collection technique using the process of distributing questionnaires. The data successfully obtained by the researchers will continue to be processed with the support of the SEM PLS version 4.0 application. The results of this research succeeded in providing proof that understanding accounting and also the use of information technology produces a positive and significant influence on the quality of financial reports, while the HR competency variable does not produce a significant influence on the quality of cooperative financial reports. Keywords: report quality, accounting, technology, competence

This study aims to explore the application of blockchain in enhancing server security to mitigate ransomware and malware attacks in critical infrastructures such as healthcare, finance, and government sectors. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, the research collects articles from four major databases (IEEE Xplore, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink) published between 2020 and 2024. The search focuses on keywords related to blockchain, server security, ransomware, malware, and attack mitigation. The results indicate that blockchain enhances data integrity, transaction security, and strengthens access control to protect sensitive data. Moreover, integrating blockchain with intrusion detection systems (IDS) and using smart contracts accelerates threat detection and response, allowing for automatic blocking and data recovery from attacks. This technology reduces reliance on manual intervention and increases operational efficiency. However, the main challenges in its implementation include high implementation costs, scalability, and technical complexity. Nevertheless, blockchain offers significant solutions for mitigating ransomware and malware attacks while enhancing the reliability and efficiency of systems. In conclusion, blockchain provides an effective solution for server security and cyber threat mitigation, although challenges related to cost and scalability need to be addressed. Further research is required to develop more efficient blockchain protocols and integrate them with other technologies to enhance threat detection and response speed.

The principle of presumption of innocence aims to protect suspects or defendants from arbitrary actions by law enforcement officials. The principle of presumption of innocence is related to human rights. With this principle of presumption of innocence, the rights of those concerned must be respected. The person's human rights must continue to be protected by a fair legal process. In reality, the principle of presumption of innocence is often set aside in several cases, especially in cases of terrorism. How is the principle of presumption of innocence applied and its relationship with human rights in terrorism cases? And what needs to be done by the government to provide a legal umbrella to guarantee the application of the principle of presumption of innocence in law enforcement practices in terrorism cases? The method used by researchers here is the juridical method. Based on the results of research conducted by researchers, terrorism cases, which not only apply in Indonesia but also in other countries, are considered a crime that cannot be forgiven. The methods used by law enforcement are contrary to criminal justice and violate applicable laws. As a result, the existence of this principle is contrary to the reality that occurs in law enforcement practice. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out a review and take firmer action against law enforcement officials who do not heed the application of the principle of presumption of innocence, especially in cases of terrorism, in order to achieve the goal of just law amidst the dynamics of law enforcement.   Keywords: , ,.

Background: In 2020, there were 2.9 million cases of perineal rupture in mothers giving birth, it is estimated that this will reach 6.8 million in 2050. Childbirth is a process that is vulnerable to various complications that can endanger the mother. Vaginal delivery is more susceptible to tearing of the perineum to varying degrees. Red betel leaves contain essential oils, hydroxycabicol, chabicol, carbibetol, allylcatechol, cineole, tanim, diastase, sugar and starch. Objective: to determine changes in wound healing before and after being given red betel leaf decoction Method: Case study with application to 2 respondents. Respondents were given red betel leaf decoction twice a day in the morning and evening for 5 consecutive days. Wounds were measured using the REEDA scale. Results: After applying red betel leaf decoction, the results showed a decrease in the rate of wound healing in both respondents, there was a decrease in scores from previously Mrs. E 10 becomes 0 (good wound healing) and Mrs. S 11 becomes 1 (poor wound healing). Conclusion: There were changes and differences in the rate of wound healing before and after giving red betel leaf decoction to the two respondents.   Keywords: , ,

Many researchers are interested in evaluating the quality of safety cultures, particularly in the mining industry. Keputusan Dirjen Minerba Nomor 185 Tahun 2019, in Element II of the initial review section, has developed a five-level safety culture maturity assessment framework. This study aims to investigate the conceptualization and foundation of developing safety culture maturity levels in the mining sector and provides an educational overview of the application of the developed model with five cultural maturity levels: basic, reactive, planned, proactive, and resilient. This research employs a systematic review methodology using the literature review method. Databases such as Google Scholar and Science Direct were utilized, focusing on specific keywords: "safety culture maturity level," "safety culture maturity level model," "safety maturity level," and "mining." Ten pertinent articles were examined as part of the review process. The methodology used in the development, evaluation, and implementation of safety culture maturity levels involved conducting interviews, utilizing matrices, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), questionnaires, and literature reviews. The primary goal of the bulk of the publications included in the sample was to create a safety culture maturity level model suitable for application within the mining sector. The literature review revealed that the methodologies employed in these publications are aligned with the five levels of safety culture maturity as stated in Keputusan Dirjen Minerba Nomor 185 Tahun 2019. This comprehensive study discovered that the maturity assessment evaluation identified five identical safety culture maturity levels in each model advancement, consistent with Keputusan Dirjen Minerba Nomor 185 Tahun 2019 in the initial review part. The study provides clear and informative descriptions of the application of the five-level cultural maturity model in the mining sector.

The development of information and communication technology has had a major impact on various aspects of the economy. Now digital communication has become an important part of everyday life, the use of applications such as WhatsApp Business has become an important tool for business people in their marketing strategies. The purpose of this study is to find out how the use of the WhatsApp Business application can increase the effectiveness of marketing strategies. The analysis was carried out using the Literature Review research method from various special journals on the use of the WhatsApp Business application in marketing strategies. The research method used is the Literature Review method from several special journals that contain related topics. Literature search using the Google Scholar database using the keywords WhatsApp Business application and marketing strategy. Articles must be published no later than the last five years. There are 16,600 articles, and the author selects the top 5 articles from the search results and the most relevant articles to the topic. From this study it can be concluded that WhatsApp Business is an effective tool for increasing customer interaction and expanding the reach of a company's marketing. However, to realize the full potential of WhatsApp Business, it is important for entrepreneurs to pay attention to digital communication ethics, present relevant content, and continue to monitor and evaluate their marketing strategies. Further research can be done to investigate the long-term impact of using WhatsApp Business in marketing strategies and the implementation of best practices to maximize its benefits.    

In an increasingly advanced era in terms of digital marketing encouraging people to adapt to increasingly advanced technology, in the digital era purchase decisions can be made based on several applications that are often used by the public, currently, Harrum Mart retail stores are stores that sell their merchandise online and offline, in its use the quality of the product can describe the extent of the product's ability to meet the needs of consumers,  , when the service is in accordance with consumer expectations, it can be said to be effective in increasing consumer satisfaction. Quality service should be carried out continuously in accordance with the needs of consumers and the company's goals. Based on the results of the study, it shows that there is no direct positive influence of Product Quality on Digital Marketing, there is no positive influence of Service Quality on Digital Marketing, there is a positive influence of Digital Marketing on Consumer Satisfaction, there is a positive influence of Product Quality on Consumer Satisfaction, there is a positive influence of Service Quality on Consumer Satisfaction Keywords: , , , 

PT. Bakool Nusantara is a startup that provides fresh vegetable products with an online BTB and BTC business concept. This research aims to enhance brand recognition and introduce the Bakool Apps application to PT. Bakool Nusantara customers through the design of motion graphic videos as a marketing medium. The company has encountered challenges in effectively introducing the Bakool Apps brand and application to customers, thus requiring innovation in marketing strategy. This study employs a case study method at PT. Bakool Nusantara to gain a comprehensive understanding of the company's challenges. Subsequently, the research focuses on the design of motion graphic videos as a solution to enhance brand recognition and introduce the Bakool Apps application. The use of motion graphic techniques is expected to provide an engaging and effective visual experience in conveying information to customers. The validation results from expert assessments of the motion graphic video product obtained a score of 4.7 out of 5, indicating high validity. Similarly, expert assessments of content validity yielded a score of 4.7 out of 5, suggesting high validity as a marketing media tool. User validation results also scored 4.652 out of 5, indicating high effectiveness for use. Thus, based on expert and user validation results, the produced video product is deemed valid and suitable for production as a product. Keywords: Motion Graphic, Video, Media Marketing

The aim of this thesis is 1 ) to find out about the application of the attitude of cooperation and mutual cooperation among OSIS members at MAN 1 Surakarta in 2023/2024 academic year, 2) to find out the level of effectiveness of the application of character education values regarding social care towards the attitude of cooperation and mutual cooperation to OSIS members. The results of the research could be conclude that 1) the management of OSIS MAN 1 Surakarta in 2023/2024 academic year could implement an attitude of cooperation and mutual cooperation well in all activities. Altough. There were several administrators who have not been able to Implement it well, 2) the implement of the attitude of cooperation and mutual cooperation among the members of OSIS MAN 1 Surakarta could be seen through the preparation and implementation of the Campus Expo activities which would be held on January 25-26 2024, 3) implementation the value of character education regarding social care had a high level of effectivitiveness in the attitude of cooperation and mutual cooperation, 4) in its implementation, there were parties who supported this social care character such as the deputy principal for curriculum, deputy principal for student affairs, OSIS supervisors, theachers, and OSIS administrators, 5) the attitude of cooperation and mutual cooperation that was expected of OSIS members was an attitude that could be carried out happily, comfortably, and they could carry out activities for the common goals of the organization.   Keywords : Sosial Care Character, Implementation, OSIS

The aim of this activity is to (1) determine the impact of globalization of education on the quality of learning in class V of MIN 1 Langkat (2) determine the efforts and strategic steps towards the quality of learning in class V A of MIN 1 Langkat in the era of digital globalization. The results of this research are: 1) The impact of globalization in the digital era on the quality of learning in class V A of MIN 1 Langkat consists of two impacts, namely positive impacts and negative impacts. Positive impacts include globalization providing opportunities for educators and students to learn science and technology as a learning reference. Meanwhile, negative impacts include teachers not yet 100% implementing digital-based learning in schools because the availability of learning technology in schools is still incomplete. Several efforts that can be made and strategic steps in learning are divided into three activities with several stages, namely (a) Preliminary activities in the form of a phase of getting used to class order, motivation and advice. (b) Core activities include four stages, namely the understanding or reasoning stage, the application stage and the meaning stage. (c) The closing activity is evaluation and reflection between students and teachers regarding the implementation of learning in class V A of MIN 1 Langkat Tanjung Pura.Abstract and Keywords must be written in English, in italic style, and contain a brief description of the research background, objectives, methods, findings, and implications. The abstract is written in one paragraph with a single space (maximum 200 words), without any reference or formula.

This study aims to analyze the factors that support the increase in online purchasing decisions in the Shopee marketplace. These factors consist of Online Customer Rating, Online Customer Review, Price, and Free Shipping. The population in this study were all Shopee user consumers with an unlimited number. While the sample used was all Shopee user consumers in the Gunungpati area and its surroundings which were calculated using the lemeshow formula and obtained 100 respondents. The results of hypothesis testing state that the four variables (Online Customer Rating, Online Customer Review, Price, and Free Shipping) have an influence on online purchasing decisions in the shopee marketplace both partially and simultaneously. Testing the coefficient of determination produces findings where the variables online customer rating, online customer review, price, free shipping are able to influence online purchasing decisions in the Shopee application by 89.5%. While the remaining 10.5% is influenced by other variables.   Keywords : , , , ,   

. In the city of Surabaya, a large number of female online ojek drivers face problems such as prejudice, non-disclosure, and dangerous working conditions. While there are laws against violence, the quantity of sexual incidents suggests a lack of consistency in their application. By providing skills development, legal support, and psychological counseling, the Gerakan Sayang Perempuan Ojek Online (GASPOL) initiative seeks to strengthen safety and self-determination for female online ojek drivers. This research uses descriptive qualitative methodology and collects data through observation, documentation, and interviews. William N. Dunn developed evaluation criteria for the GASPOL program, which include effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, alignment, responsiveness, and accuracy. The GASPOL program met the needs of the participants, was efficient in using resources, and effective in improving the safety and competence of women drivers. In addition, the program was sensitive to feedback from participants and successfully distributed benefits equitably. Despite the success of the program, there are still challenges that influence public opinion, such as gender bias. To increase acceptance of women drivers, more outreach and education is needed.   Keywords: , , , , (Times New Roman, size 10 font Italic)

Recycling is the processing of waste or remaining waste products into new products that can be used appropriately again with one of the goals being to preserve the environment. This community service is carried out by selecting household waste objects in the form of utilizing cooking oil waste into a useful material that will reduce the negative impact of used cooking waste. The public's lack of understanding and knowledge about how to process these remaining materials, turns used objects into less useful items so that many are thrown away and not used and can also reduce plastic waste. The use of smartphones presents a great opportunity to promote products through social media. In this research, a digital marketing promotion strategy was implemented through social applications. This service activity will discuss one of the business opportunities that can be done on a home scale with opportunities that are quite promising at the moment, namely the use of used cooking oil as raw material for aromatherapy candles. By implementing the right marketing strategy, it can help reach a wider consumer market so that new potential consumers come in who are willing to visit the stand and buy the product. By designing attractive digital promotions, the brand appearance of the product will also be more easily recognized by the public. Strategies that can be carried out by MSMEs Keywords: used cooking oil, SMEs, aromatherapy candles,

  The effectiveness and  efficiency of the production administration at  MSMEs MAMIN Pakis process needs to be supported by competent human resources.  The reason for the dedication is because the production administration system is not yet perfect. The aim is to provide practical knowledge of strategy and application of performance evaluation in a continuous improvement manner. Targets of a continuous structured work evaluation system and employee motivation in improving performance. The training process carried out, namely manual data collection, structured recording of integrated production application program input for each department, provides important insight and becomes the basis for progress so that the discipline of manual data input and programs becomes an error controller.  Activities processed from analysis of errors in inputting service release materials increase success and insight into production administration performance in a sustaainable manner.

Abstract: Behavioristic theory is important to study in the learning process, because this theory is easy to apply in educational learning in Indonesia. Learning theory is a combination of interconnected principles and explanations of a number of facts and discoveries related to learning events. This research reviews behavioristic theory and its application in learning. The aim of this research is that it can be applied in PAI learning, apart from educating cognitively, psychomotorically, it can also guide students' behavior in a better direction. The method used by the author is descriptive qualitative which attempts to explain the application of behavioristic theory so that it is able to produce changes in behavior towards students. Through this research, the author tries to reveal the application of behavioristic theory in PAI learning at SDIT Cahaya Hati Bukittinggi as well as changes in behavior that occur in students using a behavioristic theory approach. Based on the research results, it was found that the application of behavioristic learning theory to PAI learning was carried out in several stages, namely, stimulus (encouragement for the delivery of material/motivation from the teacher), response (response from students), while reinforcement/reinforcement was carried out by the teacher using the reward method, punishment, and reinforcement.

The alpha generation is the children that the millenial generation has left behind. This article was written by Mark Mc Crindle and published in the Business Insider magazine (Christina Sterbenz, 2015). The Alpha Generation (2011–2025) is the most advanced generation in terms of digital technology and the least advanced generation in comparison to the previous generation. Every day, almost 2.5 million children of the Alpha Generation are born into the world. The generation most familiar with the internet over the long term is Gen A. Mc Crindler also asserts that the Alpha generation is not averse to technology, somewhat socially adept, somewhat creative, and somewhat independent. Alpha generators require quick and somewhat chaotic processes. By enticing them with a technology, they become socially alienated. This article aims to understand the challenges faced by the Alpha Generation in the Industrial Revolution. For many people, literacy is a familiar language. Literasi is a concept with a complex, dynamic, and ever-changing definition that is defined by several methods with extreme caution. According Keywords: Literacy, Technology, Development, and Generation Alpha. to an online Merriam-Webster dictionary, the words "literature" and "letter" come from the Latin and English languages, respectively. Literasi is quality, or the ability to read and write with huruf/aksara that is included in the text. Technology is described as a concept that has to do with the type of application and knowledge about how it might improve human ability to identify and modify objects that are around. At this point in time, technological advancement is experiencing relatively slow advancement. The idea of technological advancement is to advance technology from one era to the next, making it more advanced or better. The ability of the Alpha generation to communicate (read, write, study, and sketch) has somewhat declined as a result of the rapid advancement of technology. Many Alpha children nowadays are highly dependent on their gadgets (games, YouTube videos, and other apps). However, due to technological developments, alpha generation children are lagging behind in literature, which is why they are interested in reading at an age when they should be able to read and understand the content of what they read.  

This research aims to determine the increase in students' learning abilities by using the quiziz application. By using a systematic literature review, search for articles related to the Quiziz application and conclude the results of the discussion of the articles found. The search for reviewed journals comes from articles/journals related to the research theme using publish or perish using the keywords "Increasing Students' Mathematics Learning Ability" and "Utilizing the Quiziz Game Application". The inclusion criteria for journal searches are: 1) Research articles published in the last 5 years, with a range of 2019-2024, 2) Indexed by Google Scholar or Sinta, 3) Discussing the Quiziz application. As a result, the Quiziz application can improve students' learning abilities, making it easier for students to practice questions. Students like it because by using the quiziz application they can learn while playing.