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Mathematics is a field of study that has an important role in education. Geometry is one of the mathematics materials taught in primary and secondary schools. However, students in PGMI 3 class still experience many misconceptions in understanding plane material by applying polya theory. The aim of this research is to identify and analyze common misconceptions related to plane material by applying polya theory. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The subjects of this research were 18 out of 39 PGMI 3 UIN North Sumatra students. The results of the research show that there are several misconceptions that occur which involve basic understanding of plane material, steps in solving problems with plane material, misunderstandings about what polya theory is like and making mistakes by not putting symbols in solving problems. This research aims to provide important insights into curriculum development and a more effective teaching approach in working on plane material by applying polya theory. With a more effective understanding of the misconceptions that arise in plane shape material by applying polya theory, appropriate action can be taken to overcome this problem and can help PGMI 3 students at UIN North Sumatra to develop an understanding of plane shape material by applying polya theory better.

The branch of mathematics that studies history is usually known as ethnomathematics, and the concept of ethnomathematics has made a major contribution to improving mathematics learning. It turns out that many cultures cannot be separated from mathematical calculations, including historical buildings that are simple but have many meanings and meanings. So this research was conducted to describe and identify mathematical concepts in Betawi Warehouses in the Setu Babakan Betawi Cultural Village. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. The results of the research show that there is a mathematical concept in the Gudang Betawi house building in the Setu Babakan Betawi Cultural Village, namely the shape of the Gudang Betawi house which has a rectangular pattern from front to back, there are many philosophies in ornaments that have sizes and shapes, and there are geometric elements found in the building. Betawi Warehouse Houses are like whole numbers in measuring activities, equivalent comparisons in calculating the length of time to build a Warehouse House, there are corners in the building, there are flat geometric elements found in the length, area and perimeter of the building, there is also space geometry which has content and volume , there is a geometric transformation in the ornamental part of the Gudang Betawi house, and there is a congruence of flat shapes that can be seen on the door of the Gudang Betawi house.

Soil pH value either with KCl solution or with H2O are two important indicators needed to describe soil acidity. This study aims to determine the distribution of soil pH values in smallholder rubber plantations with different land topography classes in Pelepat Ilir Subdistrict, Bungo Regency, Jambi Province. The study used a survey method with a toposequence concept approach at a semi-detailed level, where observation points were made based on the upper tread polypedon, middle tread polypedon, and lower tread polypedon at each level of percent slope 15-24%, 8-15%, and 3-8%, and flat tread polypedon at a percent slope of 0-3%. Ten composite soils were taken from a mixture of 3 individual soil samples at each polypedon using a soil drill at a depth of 0-30 cm from the soil surface. Soil pH value analysis was conducted in the laboratory on each composite. The results showed that the pH value of the soil with 1:2 H2O solution was very acidic, and acidic for 1:2.5 KCl solution. The distribution of soil pH values showed that the lower slope had a higher pH value than the middle slope, and the upper slope had the lowest pH. Soil pH values decreased as the slope increased, and soils with flat topography were considered more fertile than those with high slopes. This result can be a recommendation in determining liming and fertilization doses, where higher doses are required for high slope soils than flat soils for optimum agricultural yields.

Soil pH value either with KCl solution or with H2O are two important indicators needed to describe soil acidity. This study aims to determine the distribution of soil pH values in smallholder rubber plantations with different land topography classes in Pelepat Ilir Subdistrict, Bungo Regency, Jambi Province. The study used a survey method with a toposequence concept approach at a semi-detailed level, where observation points were made based on the upper tread polypedon, middle tread polypedon, and lower tread polypedon at each level of percent slope 15-24%, 8-15%, and 3-8%, and flat tread polypedon at a percent slope of 0-3%. Ten composite soils were taken from a mixture of 3 individual soil samples at each polypedon using a soil drill at a depth of 0-30 cm from the soil surface. Soil pH value analysis was conducted in the laboratory on each composite. The results showed that the pH value of the soil with 1:2 H2O solution was very acidic, and acidic for 1:2.5 KCl solution. The distribution of soil pH values showed that the lower slope had a higher pH value than the middle slope, and the upper slope had the lowest pH. Soil pH values decreased as the slope increased, and soils with flat topography were considered more fertile than those with high slopes. This result can be a recommendation in determining liming and fertilization doses, where higher doses are required for high slope soils than flat soils for optimum agricultural yields.

An investigation into the building is carried out to determine the suitability and safety of the building and the strength of the structure. The investigations to be carried out include field and laboratory investigations. This is done to determine the feasibility and safety of existing structures. Apart from that, it is also hoped that this investigation can provide recommendations regarding repair or strengthening methods if necessary, referring to the requirements for Structural Concrete for Buildings SNI 2847:2019 and Procedures for Earthquake Resistance Planning for Building and Non-Building Structures SNI 2847:2019. From the results of structural testing using UPV and Hammer Test, it was found that the structural system is an open frame consisting of plates, beams and columns using concrete material, while the joists use steel plinths. The reinforcing steel used uses plain iron U40 as flexible reinforcement with shear reinforcement with U24. The quality of concrete obtained respectively for column f'c 25 MPa, beam f'c 22 MPa and floor slab f'c 22 MPa. Based on the results of the floor leveling survey to record the potential for building subsidence or floor sagging using a water level, it was concluded that there was no slope found in the building as a whole. The deflection that occurs is local and relatively flat. To meet the requirements, strengthening was carried out by increasing the dimensions of the columns and beams, adding plates to the steel profiles on the flange and web.

This study aims to explain and describe the Choreography of Talam Sapinggan  Dance at Sanggar Lindang Urek, East Payakumbuh District, Payakumbuh City.  This research is qualitative research with descriptive method. The instrument of this study is the researcher himself. Data were collected using literature studies, observations, interviews and documentation. The steps of analyzing data are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Sanggar Lindang Urek creates Talam Sapinggan  dance to function as a performance art and entertainment. Aspects of Talam Sapinggan  dance form are movement, floor design, top design, group composition, dancers, dance accompaniment and costumes. The content aspect is the idea and atmosphere. Talam Sapinggan  dance has 32 types of movements. Floor Design consists of 4 designs including: Triangle, Pentagon, Circle, and Trapezoid. Top Design consists of flat, deep, vertical, horizontal, medium, high, low, curved, contrast, low and angular. The design form of large composition groups is as follows: (1) unison or synchronous, (2) alternate or alternating intervals, (3) broken or split, (4) balanced, (5) canon or alternate. The number of dancers in the Talam Sapinggan  dance consists of 7 people. The musical accompaniment uses Minang tradition music created, including: gandang tasa, talempong, gandang tambua, saluang, bansi, thamburin, and assisted by vocal dendang. Costumes already use a form of creation.

Perception of crampedness is an individual's subjective feeling of limited space due to the density of the physical environment. This study aims to determine the effect of perceptions of overcrowding on psychological well-being in flat occupants in Makassar City. The population of this study were residents of the Mariso Flats in Makassar City. The number of research subjects was 158 people who were taken using the accidental sampling technique. The characteristics of the subjects in this study were residents of flats aged 18-40 years. The data analysis method used in this study is simple linear regression analysis. The results of the data analysis that has been carried out show that there is an influence of perceptions of overcrowding on psychological well-being of the residents of flats in Makassar City (p=0.000 R square -0.130). The effective contribution of the distress variable to the psychological well-being variable is 13.0%, which is shown from the value of R square = 0.130.

Perspective or point of view is a technique or method for drawing objects in the form of objects, rooms (interiors), and environments (exteriors) that are larger in size than humans. This technique was created due to the limited visibility of our eyes in seeing objects. The farther the eye can see, the smaller it appears and will even disappear from view at a certain distance. Conversely, the closer our eyes look, the object will appear bigger. Two things must be used as a benchmark in perspective drawing techniques. Perspective in general means images that are used to communicate objects in the form of objects, spaces, environments that are visible to the human eye on a flat plane. Perspective drawing is an image that technically uses a vanishing point. Perspective drawing itself is a form of 3-dimensional images.

The main thing that distinguishes between 2D and 3D animation lies in the quality of the resulting display, namely the appearance of 2D animation that seems flat and the appearance of 3D animation that seems more volume. This study aims to manually apply 2D visual effects as an alternative in making an animated visual effect. The process of uniting a 3D animation combined with 2D animation visual effects that are created manually frame by frame and using Clip Paint Studio and Blender software. The results of this study indicate that the application of 2D animation visual effects in 3D animation is able to display a visual style that resembles 2D animation and does not require computer engine performance that is too heavy, rather than using 3D simulation methods or 3D procedural which requires strong computer resources. It is good to use in making a 3D animation with a visual style of 2D animation.

The growing development of shopping centers in the city of Medan creates business opportunities, starting from creating innovations in business opportunities. Currently, there are many kinds of markets emerging to accommodate business people, both new and old. So that many design problems have arisen in the display booth, the selection of appropriate materials and construction systems so as to answer the need for displays that have many functions (multifunctional), namely as accommodation for clothing display needs that are easy to disassemble (knockdown). In addition, to market their products, this market activity is an alternative to promote their brand, so that it can be known by the wider community. The method used in this design starts from the empathize and define stages starting from data collection, direct observation and interviews, both to tenants and pop-up market organizers. After the data collection stage is complete, the existing data is then analyzed. Then proceed to the ideate stage, through the process of brainstorming ideas, solving a problem, and determining the values ​​of the design. After the ideate stage, proceed to the prototype stage, where the process of visualizing ideas to get the desired results to the manufacturing stage is realized in the form of a prototype with a scale of 1:1. After the prototype is finished, a test is carried out to get feedback from users and refined through the implementation stage to perfect the product. The result of this design is that products that have been designed are oriented to be transformed into various models from the same material, with functions that can accommodate the needs of clothing displays that are still fulfilled in each module. The application of the modular concept is applied with a knockdown system, using a stalbuis pipe consisting of 3 sizes, namely, 40 cm, 21.2 cm, and 20 cm. To connect the stalbuis pipe using uno joker connections, nuts and bolts connections, and inner connections. As a flat cross section using canvas tarpaulin which consists of 2 sizes, namely, 13 cm x 51 cm and 4 cm x 51 cm.

Almond crispy is one of the flat-shaped pastries and crunchy texture that is quite popular in Indonesia. As an effort to innovate the almond crispy almond crispy ingredients are diversified with mocaf flour and given a sprinkling of ketapang seeds. The purpose of this study is 1) to determine the public's acceptance of almond flour crispy Mocaf with Ketapang seed sprinkles; 2) to determine the composition of materials used in the manufacture of almond flour crispy ketapang seed sprinkles mocaf the most preferred community. The research methods used are library methods, experiments, documentation, questionnaires and sensory tests. The results showed that almond crispy mocaf flour with a sprinkling of ketapang seeds using 100% mocaf flour is the most preferred product. The composition of the ingredients used in the manufacture of almond crispy mocaf flour with Ketapang seed sprinkles consists of 100 g of mocaf flour, 80 g margarine, 80 g refined sugar, 30 g egg white, 20 g cornstarch, 20 g butter, 10 g Ketapang seeds, and 1 g salt.

Temanggung Regency has an area of mostly highlands because it is located on the part of Mount Sindoro and Mount Sumbing. In general, these areas have lower temperatures and water is more limited than areas that are located lower, especially during the dry season. Not all types of plants can live and develop properly. One type of plant that can be cultivated with good results is tobacco. Initially, the tobacco grown in Temanggung Regency was N. tabacum var. fructicosa then became a variety that has been adapted for years to produce a specific tobacco quality. Through a special cultivation model, namely related to tillage, planting seeds, plant maintenance and fertilization, a long flat-shaped tobacco is produced with a width of approximately 0.5-1 cm. Therefore, people call it soft tobacco. Soft tobacco which is the original cultivation of the people of Temanggung is a special attraction for kretek products so that several manufacturers mix their products with soft tobacco from Temanggung Regency. Regardless of the pros and cons of the tobacco plant itself, Soft Tobacco can have economic value so it has potential to be used as a Geographical Indication for Temanggung Regency. This writing uses a qualitative method, with a normative juridical approach, in which case the method uses a statutory and conceptual approach. Protection of geographic indications aims to protect the uniqueness of a product, in this case, Temanggung soft tobacco from counterfeiting or improper use, while at the same time providing opportunity and legal protection to the people of the Temanggung area as producers of soft tobacco products to get maximum benefits. Therefore it is interesting to write about Soft Tobacco having the potential to become a Geographical Indication for Temanggung Regency and what is the role of the local government in making this Soft Tobacco a Geographic Indication.

Myrtaceae  is one of the largest families, numbering 5500 species. General characteristics of this family include taproots, woody stems, thin skin, shrubs, tannins, single leaves, and flat leaf edges. The fruit is in the form of tubers, tops, capsules and drupes. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of plants belonging to the Myrtaceae and to determine the morphology and distribution of the Myrtaceae family. The research was conducted on June 12 2023 in Andir Village, RT.01 / RW.08, Rancamulya Village, Sumedang Utara District, Sumedang Regency. The method used is the method of exploration and observation by exploring the research location while observing the surrounding plants. The species results obtained included Syzygium aqueum totaling 4 individuals, Syzygium polyanthum totaling 6 individuals, Syzygium myrtifolium Walp totaling 176 individuals and Psidium guajava L totaling 7 individuals.

This study aims to test and analyze the effect of transfer prices and preferential relationship transactions on tax avoidance and to test and analyze the effect of profitability in moderating transfer prices and preferential relationship transactions on tax avoidance in infrastructure companies that are flattened on the indonesian stock exchange. The selection of samples in this study used the purposive sampling method with predetermined criteria, obtained by 23 companies for 6 years so that the total sample used was 138 data. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the company's annual financial statements in the 2016-2021 period. This hypothesis is tested using descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, multiple regression and moderation test, hypothesis test, namely t test and r analysis test. The results of this study show that partially the price of transfers and special relationship transactions has a negative and significant effect on tax avoidance. Profitability cannot strengthen but significantly affect transfer prices and preferential relationship transactions on tax avoidance

Diffuser is one of the construction that is able to control the behavior of the fluid. Adverse pressure gradient (APG) causes boundary layer develops rapidly so that it causes separation and Cp becomes low. So that need to evaluating divergence angle of diffuser to delay the separation to get optimization Cp of diffuser. This study uses a numerical method with software Fluent 6.3.26 with k-ω turbulence model of shear stress transport (SST) for evaluate in a symmetric flat-walled diffuser with constant ratio in divergence angle (2θ1) = 8° and usedused the Reynolds number 12.9 x 104. Test section consisted of three parts, namely symmetric diffuser, upstream channels, and downstream channels. The symmetric diffuser has a length (L1) = 500 mm, the upstream channel length (L2) = 500 mm, and the downstream channel has a length (L3) = 1000 mm. The results of the study showed that there is no flow separation on the field at midspan vertical diffuser (2θ1) = 8 °. However, based on the velocity vector visualization, flow separation can be observed at midspan plane horizontal to diffuser (2θ1) = 8 ° indicated the occurrence of separation in the area after the inlet diffuser, ie at x / L1 = 1.4 and x / L1 = 1.6

The research method used in this study is the research and development method or also called Research and Development. The research design that will be developed in this study uses the development model presented by Borgan Gall. The product produced in this study is an Arduino Nano-Based Distance Measuring Tool with a Display on the LCD on the Flat Side Room Building Material for Class VIII at SMP Negeri 5 Sepauk. The test subjects of this study included two subjects. The first subject is the validator and the second is class VIII students of SMP Negeri 5 Sepauk. The analysis technique used is to determine the effectiveness, practicality, and validity. The percentage of effectiveness from the average of the two analyzes obtained a percentage value of 94.06% with Very Effective criteria used in learning mathematics. The results of the combined teacher and student response questionnaires - the average percentage obtained was 89.55% with very practical criteria. The combined results of the average percentage obtained from the percentage of experts and the results of the measurement trials obtained a percentage of 76,36% with very valid criteria.