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This study investigates the performance of Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring systems using a mobile hotspot and IoT sensors for temperature and humidity data transmission. The research is based on the IoT concept, which enables electronic devices to communicate and exchange data through internet networks without direct human intervention. System performance was evaluated using standard Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, including throughput, packet loss, delay, and jitter. The experimental setup utilized a NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller and a DHT22 sensor, with measurements conducted at various transmission distances through wireless communication media. The objective was to determine the reliability of hotspot connectivity and sensor communication in supporting IoT applications. The results indicate that the optimal performance was achieved at a distance of 20 meters using a 40-lambda variation. Furthermore, the communication signal between the ESP32 device and the mobile hotspot remained detectable up to a maximum distance of 32 meters. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IoT system for environmental monitoring applications within specific transmission ranges.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of assertive communication techniques in cross-cultural counseling for reducing avoidance behavior among students experiencing interpersonal friendship conflicts. Cultural differences between counselors and clients may influence communication patterns, emotional expression, and conflict resolution processes during counseling sessions. Friendship conflicts among university students commonly arise from jealousy, misunderstanding, social comparison, and ineffective interpersonal communication. These conditions often encourage students to avoid direct interaction to prevent further conflict. This study employed an experimental method using a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The participants were students who experienced friendship conflicts and demonstrated avoidance behavior tendencies. Data were collected through counseling individual. The intervention was delivered through counseling sessions that used assertive communication techniques and combined behavioral and humanistic approaches in a cross-cultural counseling setting. The findings revealed that assertive communication techniques were effective in reducing students’ avoidance behavior. After receiving the intervention, participants demonstrated greater confidence in expressing opinions, improved emotional regulation, increased openness in communication, and healthier interpersonal relationships. The study indicates that assertive communication in cross-cultural counseling can serve as an effective counseling strategy to help students manage interpersonal conflicts and improve social adjustment in higher education environments.

Health issues among the elderly are often related to declining bodily functions, digestive disorders, and specific nutritional needs for easily digestible foods. The 60-and-older age group is at high risk for gastrointestinal disorders due to low fiber intake. Therefore, alternative foods are needed that are soft in texture, neutral in taste, safe, and nutritious. One potential solution is the development of food products based on tempeh gembus with the addition of banana hearts, which are rich in fiber, soft in texture, and readily available. This study employed an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to test three formulation variations (F1, F2, F3). The nutritional content of formulation F1 includes energy 111.575 kcal, carbohydrates 20.185 g, protein 6.91 g, fat 0.355 g, and fiber 6.67 g. Formula F2 contains 88.225 kcal of energy, 14.095 g of carbohydrates, 7.72 g of protein, 0.205 g of fat, 7.3 g of fiber, and 0.0015% flavonoids. Formula F3 has 107.015 kcal of energy, 7.995 g of protein, 0.295 g of fat, 6.88 g of fiber, and 0.0021% flavonoids. In conclusion, the best tempeh with added banana hearts is Formula F2, with its nutritional content, fiber, flavonoids, and BAL >10⁸ CFU/g, which has the potential to serve as a functional food and probiotic source to help improve digestive health in the elderly. Further testing is recommended directly on elderly groups, along with product shelf-life testing.

The optimal therapeutic impact of local vaginal drug delivery systems is strongly influenced by the physical characteristics balance of Solid Vaginal Suppositories. A comprehensive review regarding the comparison of mechanical profiles, specifically melting time and crushing strength parameters, from various base classifications constitutes the primary objective of this literature research. The implementation of a Literature Review study design was executed through the extraction of empirical data from twelve experimental journals published within the last ten years. Excessively rapid phase transformation characteristics at physiological basal temperatures and low compression resistance were consistently demonstrated by lipophilic bases such as Oleum Cacao. The risk of structural deformation during the distribution process is highly susceptible to unmodified lipid preparations. High surface elasticity accompanied by a delay in molecular hydration duration reaching 120 minutes was recorded in the utilization of Glycerinated Gelatin Base. Structural rigidity exceeding 4 kgF and disintegration time efficiency under 60 minutes were optimally demonstrated by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Base. An enhancement in mechanical resistance against external shocks during the storage period is offered by the thorough modification of the synthetic polymer ratios. Therefore, the determination of the PEG base as the most optimal material is recommended to maintain the quality stability of pharmaceutical products. Compendial regulation standards regarding the physical strength testing of pharmaceutical preparations must be obeyed by every institution to ensure long-term treatment effectiveness. Thus, the alignment between active substance release duration and physical preparation endurance can be realized for absolute patient comfort.

This study discusses the design and testing of a growing media moisture and water level monitoring system based on ESP32-MQTT. The system was developed to support real-time monitoring of growing media conditions and water availability through a monitoring dashboard. This research used an experimental method with a design and implementation approach by developing an ESP32 circuit connected to a capacitive soil moisture sensor and a water level sensor, then sending sensor data to the dashboard through the MQTT protocol and Node-RED. Testing was carried out using a plant pot as the moisture testing medium and a water container as the water level testing medium. The results showed that the growing media moisture sensor displayed 0% in dry and very dry soil conditions, 61% in moist soil, and 89% in very moist soil. The water level sensor displayed 0 cm, 2.4 cm, and 4 cm according to the testing conditions. These results indicate that ESP32-MQTT can be used as an initial prototype for monitoring growing media moisture and water level before being applied to a complete hydroponic or aquaponic system.

Homemade food is increasingly dominating the choices of consumers who are oriented towards a healthy lifestyle. However, the belief that self-cooking is synonymous with food safety is not always supported by scientific evidence. This Narrative Review aims to build an in-depth thematic synthesis of the various dimensions of food safety risks that arise in the process of preparing healthy homemade food, ranging from biological and chemical contamination, to human behavioral factors as the main agents of contamination. The study was conducted against seven reputable sources of scientific literature published between 2010–2025, including observational, experimental, cross-sectional, and review studies. Four main themes were identified: (1) risky behaviors in the household kitchen as the dominant factor; (2) unexpected cross-contamination pathways including table salt as a vector; (3) chemical and biological contaminants hidden in "healthy" materials; and (4) evidence-based interventions that have been proven to be effective. This review confirms that homemade food safety is a behavioral issue, not just a technical one, so the intervention approach must be multidimensional and sustainable.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is largely caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly types 16 and 18. The development of this cancer is influenced by the E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which disrupt the function of p53 and Rb proteins, as well as the involvement of cellular signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and EGFR. Limitations of conventional therapies, such as resistance and side effects, drive the need for more targeted and selective therapeutic agents. This study aims to analyze the main molecular targets of cervical cancer and the medicinal chemistry approaches used in its therapeutic development. The method involved a review of 12 open access articles using molecular docking, molecular dynamics, QSAR, and network pharmacology approaches. The findings identified two main target groups: viral targets comprising the HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins, and cellular targets including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, EGFR, PARP1, CDK1, and VEGFR. Various medicinal chemistry strategies, from structure-based and ligand-based drug design to multi-target network pharmacology approaches, proved effective in identifying potential inhibitor candidates. Bioactive compounds such as quercetin, gossypol, bixin, and rutin demonstrated stable interactions with these targets. However, further experimental validation is needed to support the development of clinically effective and safe therapies.

This study aims to analyze the effect of combining bait types and immersion durations on the catch yields of blue swimming crabs (Portunus pelagicus) in the waters of Kuala Penet, East Lampung. The research method employed was a field experiment utilizing a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The focus of the study was directed toward two types of bait, namely goldstripe sardine (Sardinella spp.) and chicken intestines, with three variations of immersion duration: 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, and 24 hours. Through statistical analysis, it was discovered that the combination of goldstripe sardine bait and a 6-hour immersion duration provided the most optimal catch yields. Nevertheless, chicken intestines demonstrated strong potential as an economical and sustainable alternative bait at a 12-hour immersion duration. The interaction between the bait type and immersion duration variables proved to be significant, thereby supporting an integrated approach to the management of collapsible pots. These findings provide a scientific basis for formulating sustainable crab fishing guidelines that can be adopted by local fishermen and relevant authorities to support the ecosystem-based conservation of coastal fishery resources in East Lampung.

Sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) is an increasingly popular horticultural commodity in Indonesia, attracting both farmers and consumer. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of single‑micronutrient fertilizer Mn‑EDTA (12%) in enhancing the growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.). The treatments consisted of control, standard NPK, 0.25 NPK, 0.50 NPK, 0.75 NPK, and 1.00 NPK. The experimental findings demonstrated that the application of single‑micronutrient Mn‑EDTA (12%) fertilizer had a highly significant effect on vegetative growth and yield components of sweet corn, with statistically higher values compared with the control treatment. In general, fertilizer dosages equivalent to 0.25–1.00 NPK produced greater plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, ear length, ear diameter, biomass weight, ear weight with husk, ear weight without husk, plot yield, and productivity than the control. The RAE calculation indicated that the fertilizer was effective when applied at dosages equivalent to 0.75 and 1.00 NPK. The highest effectiveness was observed at the 1.00 NPK dosage, with an RAE value of 101%. Notably, the application of Mn‑EDTA (12%) fertilizer at the 1.00 NPK dosage provided significant field effectiveness, as reflected by the RAE value of 101%. This result implies that the use of single‑micronutrient Mn‑EDTA (12%) fertilizer at the 1.00 NPK dosage increased yield by 1.01 times compared with the yield improvement obtained from the reference fertilizer relative to the control treatment.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the inquiry learning strategy on students' critical thinking skills in Islamic Education (PAI) learning. The research employed a quantitative approach using an experimental design to examine the effectiveness of the strategy in improving students’ learning outcomes. The subjects of the study consisted of students who were divided into two groups, namely an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received instruction through the inquiry learning strategy, while the control group was taught using conventional teaching methods commonly applied in classroom learning activities. Data collection was carried out through critical thinking tests and classroom observations to obtain comprehensive information regarding students’ learning processes and achievements. The results of the study indicate that students taught using the inquiry learning strategy experienced a significant improvement in their critical thinking skills compared to students who learned through conventional methods. Therefore, the inquiry learning strategy is proven to be effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills in PAI learning. This study is expected to become a useful reference for educators in developing more innovative, interactive, and student-centered learning strategies in the educational process.

Breast cancer is a serious health problem among women, with incidence and mortality rates that continue to rise. The disease is often detected at an advanced stage due to low levels of awareness, knowledge, and skills related to early detection. Among adolescent girls, particularly high school students, knowledge and skills regarding Breast Self-Examination (BSE) remain limited. This is largely due to restricted access to health information, a lack of targeted educational initiatives, and learning methods that are insufficiently engaging. BSE is a simple and effective early detection method that can be performed independently beginning in adolescence. Video-based education is considered an effective tool for enhancing adolescents’ understanding. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of video-based education in improving knowledge and BSE skills among Grade XI female students at MAN (State Islamic Senior High School) 2 Yogyakarta. This study employed a pre-experimental design using a one-group pre-test and post-test approach. The study population consisted of all Grade XI female students at MAN 2 Yogyakarta, with a sample of 59 students selected through purposive sampling on predetermined inclusion criteria. The intervention involved a single session of a BSE educational video lasting approximately seven minutes. It was conducted in 15 groups, with each group accompanied by one facilitator. Data were analyzed using the nonparametric Wilcoxon statistical test. The Wilcoxon test results showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) for both knowledge and skills variables, indicating a statistically significant improvement between the pre-test and post-test scores. In conclusion, video-based education was proven effective in improving knowledge and BSE skills among Grade XI female students at MAN 2 Yogyakarta. Future researchers are encouraged to assess BSE skills using a structured checklist based on standardized evaluation criteria.  

Mindfulness intervention therapy is a psychotherapy that can be used to reduce depressive symptoms. This study aims to determine whether mindfulness therapy contributes to reducing the level of depression in patients cancer at the Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. The research design used was the experimental design of the one group pretest-posttest design. The total number of samples used for the population was 30 people who met the criteria for depression. Relevant data was collecterd through clinical interviews, observations and psychological test. The Beck Depression Inventory II (BD-II) questionnaire was used to collect data for this study. According to the Wilcoxon analysis, the results were statistically significant p = 0.000, indicating a large effect size in reducing depressive symptoms with mindfulness therapy. These results are supported by improved patients understanding of depression and mindfulness concepts, as well as enhanced abilities in adapting emotional coping strategies. The results of qualitative analysis showed that subjek felt more happy, be positive, not hopeless, effective communication skills and be able to resolve their problems. This research can make a significant contribution to efforts to prevent and treat depression in cancer patients, improving their quality of life through increasing mindfulness.

The provision of herbal-based complementary feeding (MP-ASI) has several positive impacts, including improving mothers’ understanding and skills in preparing complementary foods from local food ingredients in accordance with local customs and socio-cultural practices, thereby enabling mothers to independently continue providing local complementary feeding. This study aimed to determine the effect of training on the preparation of herbal-based complementary feeding for mothers of children under three years old on their knowledge and skills in preparing complementary feeding. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design and was conducted at Kanda Public Health Center. The population consisted of all mothers with children under three years old in the working area of Kanda Public Health Center, totaling 245 mothers. The sample size in this study was 35 respondents. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant difference in mothers’ knowledge before and after the training on complementary feeding preparation, with a significance value of 0.000.

Learning media is a tool used to convey messages so that it can stimulate students' thoughts, feelings, attention, and willingness in the learning process. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using KoKaMi media, a three-dimensional media combined with language games, in improving Arabic vocabulary mastery of eighth-grade female students of SMPIT An Nur Sragen. This study uses a quantitative approach with an experimental method and a pre-experimental design of one group pretest–posttest type. The study population consisted of 22 female students and all were sampled through a total sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through tests, interviews, observations, and documentation, while data analysis used descriptive statistics, prerequisite tests, and hypothesis testing with the help of SPSS. The results of the analysis showed that the data were not normally distributed so the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used. The test results showed a significance value of 0.000 smaller than 0.05, which means H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. These findings prove that KoKaMi media is effective in improving Arabic vocabulary mastery. Therefore, KoKaMi media can be used as an alternative innovative learning media that helps students understand vocabulary more actively, enjoyably, and meaningfully. The implications of this research indicate that the use of game-based media can increase learning motivation, class participation, and learning interactions, so teachers are advised to utilize similar creative media as an effective and student-centered language learning strategy in learning practices at school consistently and sustainably.

Learning media is a tool used to convey messages so that it can stimulate students' thoughts, feelings, attention, and willingness in the learning process. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using KoKaMi media, a three-dimensional media combined with language games, in improving Arabic vocabulary mastery of eighth-grade female students of SMPIT An Nur Sragen. This study uses a quantitative approach with an experimental method and a pre-experimental design of one group pretest–posttest type. The study population consisted of 22 female students and all were sampled through a total sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through tests, interviews, observations, and documentation, while data analysis used descriptive statistics, prerequisite tests, and hypothesis testing with the help of SPSS. The results of the analysis showed that the data were not normally distributed so the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used. The test results showed a significance value of 0.000 smaller than 0.05, which means H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. These findings prove that KoKaMi media is effective in improving Arabic vocabulary mastery. Therefore, KoKaMi media can be used as an alternative innovative learning media that helps students understand vocabulary more actively, enjoyably, and meaningfully. The implications of this research indicate that the use of game-based media can increase learning motivation, class participation, and learning interactions, so teachers are advised to utilize similar creative media as an effective and student-centered language learning strategy in learning practices at school consistently and sustainably.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus has now become a widespread health issue with serious implications for public health. In an effort to support non-pharmacological management, the use of aloe vera (Aloe vera) decoction is one option being considered, given that this plant contains bioactive components such as aloin, emodin, and polysaccharides that have the potential to help lower blood glucose levels. This study aims to examine the effect of consuming aloe vera (Aloe vera) decoction on lowering blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Lampaseh Lhok Village, Montasik Subdistrict, Aceh Besar. The research was conducted from June 19 to 28, 2025, in that area. The study design employed a quantitative research approach using a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest model. The study population consisted of 38 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, while the sample comprised 15 respondents. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling. The measurement tools included a glucometer and an observation sheet. Based on the data analysis results, a decrease in blood glucose levels was observed after the respondents consumed the aloe vera decoction. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test yielded a p-value of 0.001 (< 0.05), leading to the conclusion that the administration of the aloe vera (Aloe vera) decoction has a significant effect on reducing blood glucose levels in the respondents. Therefore, respondents are advised to drink aloe vera tea at least once a day as an alternative measure to help control blood glucose levels.

The problem of urban flooding is a growing issue due to high population density, increasing volumes of plastic waste, and the reduction of water absorption areas. The use of conventional paving blocks, which are impermeable, further exacerbates flooding conditions because they do not allow water to infiltrate into the soil. This study aims to develop an innovative plastic waste-based paving block incorporating rice straw and sugarcane bagasse, along with the integration of phytoremediation concepts as a solution for urban flood mitigation. The method employed was an experimental approach involving the following stages: material preparation, plastic incineration, material mixing, molding, and testing of water absorption capacity and compressive strength. The results showed that paving blocks with a combination of plastic waste, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse had the highest water absorption rate of 34% and compressive strength of 21 kg/cm², meeting SNI standards. The addition of natural materials containing silica was proven to enhance the material’s porosity and strength. Additionally, the application of phytoremediation using water hyacinth has the potential to improve the quality of water seeping into the soil. Thus, this phytoremediation-based paving block innovation can serve as an effective alternative solution to reduce flood risks while supporting sustainable waste management and environmental stewardship.

This research aims to analyze the influence of thermal conditions; specifically the temperature difference between the test object and the environment; on the characteristics of air flow and heat transfer around it. The object of this study is a test piece subjected to free air flow under various temperature conditions; focusing on the convection heat transfer phenomenon. The main problem addressed is how temperature variations affect the convection heat transfer coefficient; heat transfer rate; and heat flux; as well as changes in air velocity and pressure profiles. Therefore; the objective of this research is to quantitatively compare and assess these thermal and fluid parameters through an experimental study approach and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The methodology involves direct measurement of temperature and pressure parameters under low and high-temperature conditions; which are then processed to determine the convection coefficient (); heat transfer rate (); and heat flux (). The main findings indicate that at low-temperature conditions; the heat transfer coefficient () was found to be 53.26 ; the heat transfer rate () was 24.99 W; and the heat flux () was 537.87 ; with a pressure drop of 0.86 Pa. In conclusion; thermal conditions play a crucial role in determining the dynamics of air flow and the efficiency of heat transfer; the greater the temperature difference (); the higher the potential heat transfer rate; establishing a strong correlation between thermal conditions and the convection phenomenon.

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) requires a high cement content, which contributes to increased carbon emissions; therefore, this study evaluates the effect of partial cement substitution with fly ash (5%, 10%, and 15%) and the addition of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) waste (0.5% and 0.7%) on the mechanical properties of SCC with a target strength of f’c 30 MPa. The research employed laboratory experimental methods, including fresh concrete tests (slump flow, L-box, and V-funnel) and hardened concrete tests (compressive, tensile, and flexural strength) at 7 and 28 days. The results indicate that fly ash substitution enhances compressive strength, with the highest value of 49.59 MPa achieved at 5% fly ash at 28 days, exceeding normal concrete (34.73 MPa). The addition of PET tends to reduce compressive strength due to increased porosity; however, it significantly improves flexural strength, as the combination of 5% fly ash and 0.5% PET achieved 4.7 MPa compared to 2.9 MPa for normal concrete. Overall, the combination of fly ash and PET waste shows potential for application in structural elements requiring high flexural performance.

This research aims to design and develop a prototype wave power plant that utilizes the vertical motion of a buoy as a source of mechanical energy, which is then converted into electrical energy using a recoil starter mechanism. The system is designed to be installed at the stern of a prototype ship. The vertical movement of the buoy caused by ocean waves is transmitted to the recoil starter through a drive rope, producing a stable one-way rotational motion. This rotation is further transmitted to a gearbox to increase rotational speed before driving a DC generator. The electrical energy generated is stored in a 12 VDC battery, supported by a buck–booster converter to stabilize the output voltage. This study employs an experimental engineering approach to evaluate system performance based on empirical test data. The main components of the system include a buoy as a wave energy collector, a recoil starter as the initial rotating mechanism, a DC generator as the electrical energy producer, a buck–booster converter as a voltage regulator, a 12 VDC battery as an energy storage unit, and a monitoring system based on an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with a PZEM-017 sensor. Experimental results show that the recoil starter operates effectively in driving the generator under both no- load and buoy-loaded conditions. Increases in generator rotational speed are directly proportional to increases in output voltage and current. The PZEM-017 sensor demonstrates a high level of measurement accuracy, approaching 100% when compared with a multimeter. Overall, the proposed wave power generation system functions reliably and shows potential for further development as a small-scale alternative renewable energy source.