Publication Search

Cracker drying process is considered inefficient because it still depends on weather factors and manual supervision, which can affect the quality of the production results. To overcome this, a smart shrimpcrackerdryingdevicebasedonan Arduino Uno microcontroller with an automatic closing mechanism and an automatic container has been designed and built. This system is equipped with a rain sensor and an LDR sensor to detect weather conditions around the device, as well as a DHT11 sensor to monitor humidity in the cracker storage container. In addition, an ultrasonic sensor is used to automatically regulate the movement of crackers into the storage container after the drying process is complete. A DC motor controlled by a BTS7960 driver functions to move the cover roof and the cracker transfer mechanism, while a limit switch is used to limit the motor movement.Based on the test results, this device can work automatically Shrimp crackers are one of the typical food products widely produced by the people of Bunga Karang Village, Tanjung Lago District, Banyuasin Regency. The traditional shrimp following changes in environmental conditions, thereby increasing the efficiency of the drying process and maintaining the quality of shrimp crackers produced by the residents of Bunga Karang Village.

The development of modern biotechnology has brought fundamental changes to the life sciences through the application of molecular biology, genetic engineering, and bioinformatics techniques. This article aims to examine the transformation of life sciences through modern biotechnology approaches and its impact on health, agriculture, the environment, and industry. The method used is a descriptive-analytical literature review based on international journal sources and relevant scientific publications. The results of the study indicate that technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 enable precise gene editing for genetic disease therapy, while the mRNA vaccine platforms developed by Pfizer and Moderna demonstrate the acceleration of biomedical innovation in response to the global pandemic. In the agricultural sector, genetic engineering increases crop productivity and resilience, while in the environmental sector, biotechnology supports environmentally friendly bioremediation processes. However, ethical and regulatory challenges remain important concerns in its implementation. In conclusion, modern biotechnology plays a key role as a catalyst for sustainable, innovation-driven transformation in the life sciences.

Processing plastic waste into fuel oil with pyrolysis technology. Research on plastic oil as an alternative fuel has been widely conducted. One of them is research on processing plastic bag waste into fuel oil with pyrolysis technology. In this study, a set of pyrolysis equipment was made by Lecturers and Students of UMNU Kebumen. The plastic waste used in this study was 1 kg of plastic bag. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis process used a temperature of 250oC-300oC. The fuel oil produced in the pyrolysis process of this study was approximately 400 ml. The average density of fuel oil from plastic bag waste was 0.733 gr/ml. The results of this density calculation are in the possibility of the density of gasoline, namely 0.710 gr/ml to 0.770 gr/ml. This pyrolysis process shows great potential for converting plastic waste into an environmentally friendly alternative energy source. Furthermore, the efficiency of this pyrolysis technology can be improved by adjusting the temperature and processing time, as well as by selecting a wider variety of plastic types. This technology has the potential to be applied more widely in plastic waste management within the community as a solution to reduce environmental pollution while generating renewable energy.

The danger of cadmium contamination in water sources remains a crucial environmental issue due to its persistent nature and high toxicity level, which poses serious risks to human health and ecosystems. Cadmium is a non-biodegradable heavy metal that can accumulate in living organisms over time. The presence of these toxic Cd²⁺ ions is known to trigger damage to vital organs such as the liver and kidneys; therefore, reducing their concentration in aquatic environments is of paramount importance for environmental protection and public health safety. Among various treatment methods, adsorption is considered one of the most effective and economical techniques for removing heavy metal ions from contaminated water. In this study, the capability of mesoporous silica MCM-48-NH₂ as an adsorbent for Cd²⁺ ions was systematically evaluated. The adsorption performance was examined by investigating several important parameters, including contact time, solution acidity level (pH), and initial Cd²⁺ concentration. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism and interaction between Cd²⁺ ions and the adsorbent surface were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The results demonstrate that the adsorption process of Cd²⁺ ions onto MCM-48-NH₂ tends to follow the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption behavior, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.66 mmol g⁻¹.

This study comprehensively evaluates the quality of biomass briquettes produced from blends of coconut shell charcoal and sengon sawdust, using both carbonized and non-carbonized materials. Composite briquettes were fabricated with varying compositions and characterized through proximate analysis, calorific value, density, and burning rate measurements to determine their suitability as solid fuel. The results indicate that adding non-carbonized sawdust increases volatile matter content and burning rate but reduces the calorific value of the briquettes. In contrast, incorporating up to 10% carbonized sawdust significantly improves the calorific value to 6119.2 cal/g, approaching that of pure coconut shell charcoal (6352.2 cal/g), while maintaining a relatively high burning rate. Briquettes containing carbonized sawdust also exhibit low ash content, below 3%, and moisture content under 8%, meeting standard solid fuel quality requirements. These findings demonstrate that a strategic combination of carbonized and non-carbonized materials can produce hybrid biomass briquettes with optimized thermal performance, providing a promising, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternative fuel for domestic and industrial applications.

The discharge of surfactant-laden wastewater from the rapidly expanding laundry industry poses significant environmental risks, especially in densely populated urban areas. While constructed wetlands (CWs) and Eco-Enzyme technology have shown promise for surfactant remediation, their standalone application requires long hydraulic retention times (HRTs), limiting practical implementation. This study evaluated the efficacy of a novel integrated system combining a subsurface constructed wetland (SSFCW) with fruit peel-derived Eco-Enzyme to treat synthetic laundry wastewater. Over a 6-day treatment period, the combined system achieved a remarkable surfactant removal efficiency of 99.63%, reducing the concentration from 225 mg/L to 0.835 mg/L—well below the regulatory threshold of 3 mg/L. The synergistic degradation mechanism involves enzymatic hydrolysis via Eco-Enzyme lipase and protease activity, complemented by microbial mineralization in the wetland rhizosphere. This system maintains optimal environmental conditions, with a stable pH of 6.85-7.32 and a temperature of 30.9-35.2°C, supporting robust biological activity. These findings demonstrate that the integrated Eco-Enzyme/SSFCW system overcomes the limitations of conventional HRT approaches, offering a highly efficient, sustainable, and practical decentralized wastewater treatment solution for the laundry industry.  

The increasing demand for paper has led to a shortage of wood-based raw materials, thus requiring environmentally friendly alternatives. This study aims to analyze the physical, mechanical, and morphological characteristics of paper made from cassava peels (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and oil palm fruit fibers (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) as eco-friendly paper raw materials. The research method involved pulp preparation through delignification using 3.5% HNO₃ and 3% NaOH, bleaching with 10% H₂O₂, paper sheet formation with varying compositions (A = 70:30, B = 50:50, C = 30:70, D = 10:90), followed by grammage testing and tensile strain testing. The results showed that the grammage values ranged between 96.3–99.7 g/m², while tensile strain ranged between 2.6–4.4%. The study concluded that the best composition was found in sample C (30% cassava peel : 70% palm fiber) with a grammage of 98.5 g/m² and tensile strain of 3.2%. The implication of this study is that cassava peel and palm fiber waste have the potential to serve as alternative paper raw materials that meet the quality standards of A-grade printing paper (SNI 7274:2008), while also supporting the reduction of dependence on wood.

State-based conservation in Indonesia often faces institutional failure and social resistance, resulting in continued deforestation. Conversely, Indigenous conservation models in West Java, specifically the Leuweung Larangan (forbidden forest), demonstrate significant ecological resilience. However, the legal standing of these customary practices within Islamic jurisprudence remains under-theorized, creating a dichotomy between Adat (custom) and Sharia. This study proposes a juridical reconstruction of the Sundanese taboo mechanism (Pamali) as Jarimah Ta’zir (discretionary sanction) to strengthen environmental law enforcement. Utilizing a socio-legal approach and ecological hermeneutics, this research analyzes Yusuf al-Qardhawi’s concept of Fiqh al-Bi’ah and Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s sacred science, alongside relevant empirical data on Indigenous forest governance. The findings demonstrate that Leuweung Larangan structurally manifests as Hima Syar’i (sacred protected zone). Operationally, Pamali functions not merely as a cultural myth, but as a preventive legal instrument (Sadd al-Dzari’ah) where environmental violations constitute religious criminal acts. This creates a "Sundanese Eco-theology" model that establishes a double-layered compliance system—social sanctions and theological liability—proving more effective for carbon preservation than state regulations alone. The study recommends integrating this model into the Green Constitution framework to resolve tenurial conflicts and enhance climate resilience.

This study is entitled “The Ecofeminist Movement of Mollo Indigenous Women in Rejecting Marble Mining (study: Rejection of Marble Mining in Fatumnasi Village, South Central Timor Regency)” which aims to understand and analyze the ecofeminist movement carried out by Mollo indigenous women in rejecting marble mining activities in Fatumnasi Village. The presence of marble mining in the Mollo indigenous area has posed a threat to Environmental sustainability, water sources, and cultural values that have long been the identity of the community. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this study describes the role and form of resistance of Mollo indigenous women based on the ecological relationship between women and nature. Data were obtained through in-diepah interviews, field observations, and documentation of the head of Fatumnasi Village, traditional women’s figures, religious figures, community leaders, and youth leaders. The results of the study indicate that the movement to reject marble mining is not merely a form of protest against environmental damage, but also a form of ecofeminist awareness that emphasizes that women’s bodies and the body of nature are an inseparable whole. This movement is expressed through various acts of resistance such as traditional rituals, weaving, demonstrations, and customary deliberations, each carrying symbolic meaning about the harmony between humans and nature. Based on Françoise d’Eaubonne’s theory of ecofeminism, the Mollo women’s movement reflects critical awareness toward patriarchal and capitalist systems that exploit both women and the environment. Thus, it can be concluded that the ecofeminist movement of Mollo indigenous women in rejecting marble mining is a form of women’s struggle to maintain environmental sustainability and maintain cultural identity through loclah wisdom practices.Ecofeminism, Mollo Indigenous Women, Marble Mining, Fatumnasi Village, Environment

This study aimed to analyze the implementation of policies prohibiting illegal fishing practices involving the use of explosives, poisons, and electric shock devices in Sanga-Sanga District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Although regulations and extension activities related to the prohibition have been established, illegal fishing practices continue to occur as of 2025. The findings reveal that some fishermen still use poison and electric shock due to economic reasons and the perception that these methods yield greater catches. However, such actions cause losses to other fishermen by reducing the quality of the catch and damaging the aquatic ecosystem. The community is aware of these violations but is reluctant to report them due to fear of threats from the perpetrators. Efforts by fisheries extension officers to establish community-based surveillance groups (Pokmaswas) have not been optimal due to low public participation. Collaboration between provincial fisheries supervisors and the local marine police (Polairud) has resulted in joint patrols that successfully apprehended two perpetrators of illegal fishing, yet law enforcement has not produced a deterrent effect. Moreover, the program to replace destructive fishing gear with environmentally friendly alternatives for fishermen willing to transition has not been realized due to budget constraints. Based on these findings, it is necessary to strengthen integrated surveillance, provide legal protection for whistleblowers, accelerate the implementation of sustainable fishing gear programs, and enhance public awareness of legal and ecological issues.

This study aims to analyze the perceptions of students from various majors regarding the urgency of legal protection for the Napoleon wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus), a rare and endangered marine species that plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of coral reef ecosystems. This fish faces serious pressure due to overexploitation and illegal trade, thus requiring special attention from a legal and conservation perspective. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with purposive sampling technique, involving students from marine, fisheries, environmental, and legal departments. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire designed to elicit respondents' insights, level of understanding, and recommendations regarding the protection of this species. The data obtained were then analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns of perception and key ideas. The results showed that the majority of students considered legal protection for the Napoleon wrasse to be very urgent. They advocated for strengthening regulations, stricter law enforcement, increased surveillance in water areas, education for coastal communities, development of conservation and cultivation programs, and strengthening international cooperation. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of a comprehensive and collaborative protection strategy to support the sustainability of marine resources.

This study examines how children and their relationship with nature are represented through the character of Antonio in the film Encanto (2021). Antonio is portrayed as a child who can communicate with animals, reflecting innocence, empathy, and a spiritual closeness to nature. This study aims to describe how children's relationship with nature is depicted in the film and to interpret the symbolic meaning behind these interactions. The method used in this study is a descriptive, qualitative approach that draws on theories of child development, symbolism, and children's imagination. The results of this study show that among children, Antonio reflects a harmonious, loving, and open attitude towards other life forms. Animals in the film serve as moral and emotional symbols that reflect the nature of children: the jaguar symbolizes courage, the toucan symbolizes honesty and cheerfulness. In contrast, the capybara symbolizes peace of mind. This study shows that children's films can be a tool for building ecological awareness and social empathy through imagination. The implications of this study underscore the importance of strengthening empathy and environmental balance in children's education through literature and film.

The study describes the implementation of the Christian Religious Education teaching module with the theme Allah Creates Man to Manage in grade VI students of SD Negeri 1 Kereng Bangkirai. The qualitative descriptive approach applied direct observation, documentation of activities, and assessment of learning outcomes in the affective, cognitive, and psychomotor domains to the 11 students who attended. The teaching module is aligned with the Learning Outcomes of Phase C of the Independent Curriculum providing a directed learning structure from Genesis 2:8-15. The opening activities include greetings, prayers, praise, Bible readings, as well as students' experiential questions about nature to build a relationship between the material and everyday reality. Core activities utilize explanations, group discussions, presentations, and clipping projects with the theme of loving God's created nature that increase active participation, cooperation, and creativity of students. Assessments showed good results in all three learning domains despite constraints such as the discomfort of cross-gender discussions and the introverted nature of students; The role of teachers in creating a safe atmosphere strengthens the effectiveness of the process. Reflection confirms meaningful learning that shapes an attitude of gratitude, environmental concern, and Christian responsibility.

The age of 4-6 years is an age that is vulnerable to disease because it is at this age that children's motoric starts to be active. Without realizing it, what children do is often close to germs that can cause diseases such as flu, cough, diarrhea. Hand washing is the process of mechanically removing dirt and dust from the skin surface and reducing the number of microorganisms. The purpose of hand washing is to eliminate the number of microorganisms. This activity is carried out through the means of joint learning activities in the form of face-to-face in groups, given counseling, including: material and practice of wet hand washing with running water and soap and dry hand washing with a hand sanitaizer. The results of this activity were analyzed using a fun learning method. The data used is numerical data from the observation of hand washing skills checklist. From the test results there is an effect of providing counseling on hand washing techniques on the hand washing skills of kindergarten students. The habit of washing hands using soap from an early age, it is hoped that later they will become a generation that is aware of the importance of cleanliness, not only personal hygiene, but also environmental hygiene. Not only that, with this simple thing that is done regularly and purposefully, children will later learn to do other habits correctly. One way to prevent children from getting sick is by washing hands. This handwashing habit should be instilled since.

This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of contextual Islamic Religious Education (PAI) based on agro-education integrated with Islamic values at SMP Nurul Huda Merakurak. The background of this research is the need for a more practical and contextually relevant PAI learning model that aligns with students’ real-life environments, particularly in agrarian-based schools. This study employs a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results show that PAI learning is directly integrated into agro- educational activities such as plant cultivation, environmental management, and character building through values such as trustworthiness (amanah), hard work, responsibility, and gratitude. PAI teachers play an active role in connecting Islamic teachings with agro-educational practices through contextual and reflective approaches. This research contributes to the development of a contextual and transformative PAI learning model that is relevant to local potential and students’ spiritual needs. The findings are expected to inspire other educational institutions in designing innovative PAI learning models based on environmental engagement and character development.

Humans, as creations of Allah SWT, are entrusted with the mandate to prosper the earth; therefore, divine revelations were sent down, culminating in the Qur’an as the ultimate guide for life. Islam, as a universal religion, emphasizes education as a means to achieve a complete and meaningful life. Islamic education, as defined by scholars such as al-Syaebani, Zakiah Drajat, and Muhaimin, is a process of transforming human behavior in personal, social, and environmental contexts based on Islamic values. This study employs a library research method with a thematic tafsir (maudhu’i) approach to examine the Qur’anic foundations of Islamic education. The findings indicate that verses such as QS. Al-‘Alaq [96]:1–5 highlight the importance of literacy as the starting point of education, QS. Al-Mujadalah [58]:11 affirms the elevated status of the learned, QS. An-Nahl [16]:78 emphasizes human innate potential, QS. Luqman [31]:12–19 stresses character education, and QS. Ali Imran [3]:190–191 underscores the integration of spirituality and intellect. Thus, the Qur’anic foundation provides theological, philosophical, and practical bases for the development of Islamic education aimed at forming insan kamil—individuals who are knowledgeable, faithful, and morally upright. QS. Luqman: 13–19 highlights education based on monotheism and morals, where Luqman advises his children to have faith, do good deeds and be patient. QS. Al-Māidah: 67 emphasizes trust and courage in conveying knowledge, as Allah commanded the Prophet to convey revelation without fear

This study aims to analyze the process of processing fruit peel waste from juice traders into eco-enzymes as an effort to reduce environmental pollution. The research uses qualitative descriptive methods through direct observation, documentation, and literature studies. Fruit peel waste is fermented at a ratio of 1:3:10 (molasses : fruit waste : water) for three months under anaerobic conditions. The fermentation results show good eco-enzyme characteristics, characterized by a pH of 3, a fresh sour aroma, and a brownish color as an indicator of fermentation success. These findings show that the process of processing eco-enzymes from fruit peel waste can be done simply, cheaply, and environmentally friendly. In addition, the use of eco-enzymes has the potential to reduce the volume of organic waste disposed of in landfills and reduce water and soil pollution. The resulting eco-enzyme also has potential applications as natural cleaners, liquid fertilizers, and odor controllers. Thus, the treatment of fruit peel waste not only supports sustainable environmental management practices, but also encourages the implementation of the circular economy as well as community empowerment ecologically and economically.

In response to the escalating challenge of packaging waste in the beauty industry, The Body Shop Indonesia has implemented a Green Marketing Mix through its Bring Back Our Bottles (BBOB) and Refill Station programs. This study aims to analyze the strategic implementation of this approach, assess consumer perceptions and engagement, and explore the inherent challenges and opportunities for future development. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the research collected data from five respondents who are The Body Shop consumers with prior participation in either the BBOB or Refill Station programs. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, observation, and a comprehensive literature review. Thematic analysis was subsequently performed, with findings validated through source and method triangulation. The results indicate that The Body Shop’s Green Marketing Mix has been effectively implemented, particularly in the elements of product (environmentally friendly packaging), promotion (campaigns via digital and print media), and physical evidence (store design that promotes a natural ambiance). Despite positive consumer responses and a strengthened brand image, persistent obstacles were identified, including limited access to program locations and insufficient information dissemination. The programs were found to be effective in enhancing customer loyalty and hold significant potential for expansion, particularly through targeted education and collaborative initiatives with youth communities. This study recommends expanding the programs’ geographical coverage, strengthening digital communication, and establishing strategic community partnerships. The findings are expected to make a meaningful contribution to the development of sustainable green marketing strategies within the beauty industry.

Digital technology has become an essential part of managing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), especially in efforts to achieve business sustainability. Kampong Bharu, as an iconic area in Kuala Lumpur, is home to numerous micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) operating in the culinary, craft, and tourism sectors, but faces challenges in implementing environmentally friendly practices. This research aims to analyze the application of green digital management to MSMEs in Kampong Bharu as a sustainable business strategy. The research method uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and participant observation of 15 MSME actors. The research results show that integrating digital technology with environmentally friendly principles, such as paperless digital marketing, energy-efficient use, and sustainable packaging systems, can enhance the competitiveness and positive image transformation of MSMEs. This finding has practical implications for business owners and stakeholders in developing a digital-based green MSME model in historic urban areas. These findings can also serve as a guide for implementing sustainable business strategies in the MSME sector in other major cities.

This study aims to understand how green accounting practices are constructed as a social reality within organizations and how environmental awareness develops through social interaction, organizational values, and culture. The research adopts an interpretive qualitative approach within the social construction paradigm (Berger & Luckmann, 1966). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis in organizations that have implemented sustainability reporting. The analysis employed an interpretive thematic approach to uncover the meanings underlying environmental accounting practices. The findings indicate that green accounting functions not only as a technical reporting instrument but also as a mechanism for shaping organizational moral and ecological awareness. Environmental awareness is constructed through three main stages: the externalization of sustainability values by leadership, objectivation through policies and reporting systems, and internalization within work behavior and organizational culture. Participatory, reflective, and innovation-oriented organizational cultures strengthen the substantive implementation of green accounting, whereas bureaucratic structures tend to produce symbolic practices or greenwashing. Theoretically, this study reinforces the view that accounting is a social practice that both shapes and is shaped by collective consciousness (Hopwood, 1992; Gray, 2010). Practically, the findings highlight the importance of visionary leadership and social learning spaces in fostering a sustainability-oriented organizational culture. Thus, green accounting is understood as a social process that plays a strategic role in realizing ethical, sustainable, and environmentally responsible organizations.