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The rapid development of information technology has brought significant changes, particularly in the area of cybercrime, such as electronic document forgery. This research explores the role of digital forensics and information technology in proving electronic document forgery crimes in Indonesia, using a normative legal research approach. The study employs both a statute approach and a conceptual approach to analyze the effectiveness of digital forensics in uncovering electronic crimes. The findings show that while digital forensics plays a crucial role in investigating electronic document forgery, there are several complex challenges in its implementation. One of the major obstacles is the limited number of certified digital forensic experts in Indonesia, with only 147 professionals qualified in this field. Additionally, the existing legal regulations have not kept pace with the rapid advancements in digital technology, which poses significant challenges to enforcement efforts. The study identifies various technical barriers, such as the complexity of forensic technologies, the volatile nature of digital evidence, and the ever-evolving techniques used by cybercriminals. These factors complicate the process of proving electronic crimes and pose difficulties for investigators. In response to these challenges, the research recommends strategic measures such as strengthening the capacity of forensic laboratories, harmonizing legal regulations with technological advancements, and improving the competency of human resources in both technological and legal fields. The study contributes to the development of a conceptual framework for cyber law enforcement, providing a comprehensive perspective on the challenges faced in proving electronic crimes in the digital age. The research aims to inform policymakers in crafting more effective and adaptive law enforcement strategies.

This research examines the impact of globalization on non-traditional security in Indonesia. Using a literature study approach, the research collects secondary data from various sources, including scientific journals, government reports, and publications from international institutions. Globalization has introduced several new challenges to Indonesia's non-traditional security, such as terrorism, transnational crime, environmental degradation, food and energy security, and cyber threats. This study explores different dimensions of non-traditional security risks, evaluates the effectiveness of current policy responses, and identifies potential strategies to strengthen Indonesia's national resilience in addressing contemporary security challenges. The research finds that globalization accelerates cross-border mobility, enhances extremist groups' access to the internet, and intensifies environmental damage. In response, the Indonesian government has implemented measures such as strengthening anti-terrorism laws, promoting deradicalization programs, enhancing border controls, fostering ASEAN regional cooperation, imposing a moratorium on land clearing, and supporting the REDD+ program. However, challenges remain, including limited resources, coordination issues between institutions, and low levels of digital literacy among the public, which hinder progress in improving non-traditional security in Indonesia.

Natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods pose significant risks to critical infrastructure. AI-driven disaster response systems provide real-time analytics, predictive modeling, and automated response strategies to mitigate damage and improve recovery efforts. This paper explores how AI-powered drones, satellite imagery, and sensor networks enhance disaster monitoring and decision-making. Additionally, the study discusses the role of AI in optimizing emergency resource allocation and predicting infrastructure vulnerabilities. Through an analysis of past disaster management strategies, this research aims to propose AI-integrated frameworks that enhance disaster preparedness and resilience.

The 21st century has witnessed a rapid digital transformation in global education, reshaping traditional learning paradigms and creating new opportunities and challenges. This study explores the impact of digitalization on educational accessibility, teaching methodologies, and student engagement. The research employs a qualitative approach, analyzing current trends, technological advancements, and policy implementations in various educational systems. The findings highlight the benefits of digital transformation, such as increased accessibility, personalized learning experiences, and the integration of artificial intelligence in education. However, challenges such as the digital divide, cybersecurity concerns, and the need for teacher training persist. The study underscores the importance of strategic policies and investment in digital infrastructure to ensure equitable and effective educational transformation worldwide.

Currently, social media has become an important part of the lives of the younger generation. On one hand, social media offers great benefits such as access to information, social networking, and creativity. However, irresponsible use can trigger negative impacts, one of which is moral decadence, especially among the younger generation. This research aims to analyze the impact of social media on the moral decadence of the younger generation and to design solutions based on Pancasila values. The method used is a literature review, analyzing information from various relevant academic sources. The research results show that social media, although beneficial, contributes to various moral issues, such as the increase in online bullying, the use of inappropriate language, becoming individualistic/antisocial, and engaging in cybercrime. As a solution, the values of Pancasila are implemented through spiritual education, digital campaigns that instill empathy and solidarity, promotion of tolerance and unity, as well as the enhancement of digital literacy. This research concludes that the implementation of Pancasila values can be a relevant and solution-oriented approach to addressing the moral decadence of the younger generation in the digital era.

The cross – border fintech payment industry faces many cybersecurity issues, including the possibility of data theft, fraud and low efficiency due to reliance on conventional intermediaries. Based on decentralized and cryptgrahpic system, blockchain technology can improve the security and efficiency of cross – border payments. The purpose of this study is to see how the implementation of blockchain affects the transparency, speed and cost of transactions. Using literature studies and case analysis, it was found that blockhain technology can reduce the risk of fraud by making institutions transparent and immutable. In addition, it allows for automated payments through smart contracats, scalability, regulation and technology adoption are some of the challenges that still hinder its implementation. The results of the study show that blockchain is an innovation strategy that has the potential to transform payments across the fintech sector, but it requires synergy between technology, policy and industry players for optimal implementation.  

The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) introduces a multitude of security challenges, as a vast number of connected devices often operate with inadequate protection measures. This vulnerability heightens the risk of cyberattacks, data breaches, and hacking, exposing systems and sensitive information to increased threats. Ensuring security in the IoT ecosystem while considering this rapidly expanding technology's physical limitations and specific requirements is a complex task. This article comprehensively analyzes the primary vulnerabilities and risks associated with IoT, exploring innovative strategies and effective solutions to strengthen its security framework. The article highlights the critical role of secure device authentication, data encryption, regular updates, and continuous monitoring by addressing the intricacies of communication protocols and emphasizing the need for standardization. Ultimately, this work advocates for a holistic approach to IoT security, where robust, adaptable solutions are developed to safeguard against the evolving landscape of cyber threats.

The development of artificial intelligence deepfake technology has opened up new opportunities in various fields to help speed up human work. However, on the other hand, this technology can also be misused to commit crimes. This research is a Normative Juridical research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, and examines the sources of legal materials according to the main problem, and uses prescriptive analysis techniques.The results of the study show: (1) The activity of using artificial intelligence deepfake technology that can cause cybercrime occurs due to attacks on the system, namely AI botnet attacks that have been infected by malicious software and Generative Adversarial Network attacks that have artificial neural networks that can produce data that is similar to the original data so that it is used as a means of committing crimes, and (2) Criminal law regulations in Indonesia regarding the misuse of artificial intelligence deepfake technology in committing cybercrime have not been regulated comprehensively, so that currently it is necessary to establish clear legal regulations in order to provide legal protection for every community.

The use of the internet is not only limited to utilizing information that can be accessed via social media, but can also be used as a means to carry out trade transactions that have been introduced in Indonesia, namely e-commerce. In e-commerce transactions in cyberspace, it is possible for disputes to occur, just like disputes that occur in a conventional legal relationship. The more numerous and extensive trading activities and e-commerce transactions, the higher the frequency of disputes and this means that there will be many disputes that must be resolved. One of the payments in e-commerce is COD (Cash On Delivery) which is made on the spot after the order from the courier is received by the buyer. In fact, there have been several cases that have resulted in losses felt by the seller in a buying and selling transaction via e-commerce. How to alternatively resolve consumer disputes through an out-of-court settlement process, and how to provide legal protection for consumers and business actors.    

According to data obtained from the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM), the total number of illegal cosmetics and/or containing prohibited/dangerous ingredients during the period from October 2021 to August 2022 was more than 1 million pieces with an economic value of IDR 34.4 billion. BPOM also followed up on findings based on reports from several drug and food supervisory authorities in other countries. Based on the report, as many as 46 (forty-six) cosmetics were withdrawn from circulation because they contained prohibited ingredients, microbial contamination, or were counterfeit cosmetics. During the same period, BPOM also carried out cyber patrols. This cyber patrol was carried out on website, social media, and e-commerce platforms to trace and prevent the circulation of illegal cosmetics and BPOM found and blocked (takedown) 83,700 links to the sale of illegal cosmetic products and containing prohibited/dangerous ingredients with a total product amount of 6.5 million pieces and an economic value of Rp 296.9 billion. This proves that there are still many illegal cosmetic products that contain harmful ingredients and do not have a distribution permit.  This research is a normative legal research supported by a statutory approach (statute approcach) which uses secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials that collect laws and regulations related to the legal issues at hand, case studies, collecting books, journals, dictionaries and other related literature. The legal materials that have been successfully collected are analyzed, namely description, interpretation, evaluation and systematic. The results of this study show that (1) Based on the form of consumer protection from the criminal aspect, there are five forms of consumer protection, namely: Protection against Unsafe Products; Fraud and Fraud Violation of Clear and Correct Information; Violations of Consumer Rights; Abuse of Power or Dominant Position, as well as unfair business practices. Criminal sanctions aim to provide a deterrent effect to business actors who harm consumers. (2) Based on the perspective of criminal law, the actions of DM business actors who have circulated illegal cosmetics without a distribution permit in decision number 572/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Smr, violate the provisions of Article 197 of Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health, which has affirmed that every person who deliberately produces and/or distributes pharmaceutical preparations and/or medical devices without having a distribution permit as mentioned in Article 106 paragraph (1) is criminally punished imprisonment for a maximum of (fifteen) years and a maximum fine of Rp.1,500,000,000,- (one billion five hundred million rupiah).

Trash talking, as a form of cyberbullying, is often found in internet gaming cafes such as White Wolf Arena and refers to harmful actions such as insinuating, insulting or verbally abusing other players. This phenomenon occurs through voice or text messaging features in anonymous virtual communication, triggering negative behaviours such as trolling and AFK. The vocabulary of Trash talking includes animal words, adjectives, objects, conditions, and human organs. This study aims to analyse the Trash talking behaviour of Valorant players using a descriptive qualitative method with seven purposively selected informants. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation, and analysed using the Miles and Huberman technique with data triangulation. The results showed that Trash talking behaviour is influenced by sociopsychological and situational factors. The communication media used include voice chat, text chat, and stickers, where the detection system is more effective on text. Virtual communication showed varied Trash talking vocabulary and different levels of offensiveness between voice chat and text. This research identified behaviour, media and virtual communication as the main aspects of Trash talking in Valorant.

Technological innovations in autonomous vessels developed by Japan, such as the MEGURI2040 project, have opened up great opportunities in improving maritime efficiency and strengthening economic ties with ASEAN countries. These technologies offer operational advantages through cost reduction, route optimization, and enhanced maritime safety, which can promote economic integration in the region. However, the adoption of autonomous ships also presents challenges, including the need for regulatory harmonization, port infrastructure improvement, and cybersecurity risk management. This study analyzes the impact of autonomous ship innovation on the logistics sector, workforce, maritime safety, and the potential for technological cooperation between Japan and ASEAN. The results show that the adoption of this technology can strengthen regional cooperation, but requires technical readiness, mature regulations, and multilateral collaboration to overcome emerging challenges. Therefore, the integration of autonomous ship technology in ASEAN requires not only a strategic approach, but also a shared commitment to create stability and sustainable economic growth in the region.

Collaborative innovation has become crucial for organizations that wish to stay relevant and competitive in the quickly evolving digital age. There are plenty of opportunities, but there are also several obstacles to overcome. Information and data security in a digital world vulnerable to cyberattacks is one of the biggest problems. Sophisticated security measures must be implemented by organizations to safeguard confidential data that is shared among team members. Resistance to change is also an obstacle that needs to be overcome. When organizations adopt new technology, employees often face difficulties adapting. Organisations can create more efficient and effective solutions with the latest technologies, such as artificial intelligence and data analysis. Collaboration across industries and disciplines enables a holistic approach to solving complex problems. By understanding and overcoming existing challenges, organizations can harness the potential of collaborative innovation in the digital era to create added value, increase efficiency, and ensure business continuity in an ever-changing world.

This study examines the phenomenon of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) as a technological innovation that changes the landscape of the global monetary system. In the midst of the rapid development of digital technology and cryptocurrencies, central banks in various countries are starting to consider and develop their own digital currencies. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the aspects of CBDC implementation, including its potential benefits, challenges, and impact on financial system stability and monetary policy. Through a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study method, this study explores various dimensions of CBDC, including technological architecture, implementation models, and its socio-economic implications. The results of the study show that CBDCs have significant potential in improving the efficiency of the payment system, encouraging financial inclusion, and strengthening the transmission of monetary policy. However, its implementation also presents serious challenges related to data privacy, cybersecurity, and the stability of the banking system. This study makes an important contribution to a comprehensive understanding of CBDCs and their implications for the future of the global financial system.

The world has entered the era of modernization and affects increasingly sophisticated technology and information, but this has resulted in many individuals who abuse the internet as a means of committing crimes, one of which often occurs is cyberbullying  or (cyberbullying). The crime of cyberbullying  has been regulated in Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning the ITE Law and the Criminal Code (KUHP) which is elaborated to become the basis for authorized law enforcement in enforcement efforts. This research is an empirical juridic research. The location of the research in the East Nusa Tenggara regional police area, the data collection method is by interviews, documentation studies and observations. The collected data is then analyzed and then presented in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of the research on law enforcement through 2 stages, among others, preventive efforts and repressive efforts, then inhibiting factors in law enforcement, among others, limited budget and tools for investigation and investigation so that it is difficult to find evidence if the perpetrator uses a fake account without personal data or phone number, besides that Article 74 of the Criminal Code has regulated the expiration of the complaint offense so that the victim must immediately report the crime he has experienced. As for the suggestion, it is hoped that the consistent active role of law enforcers to socialize rules and ethics in the use of social media and maximize law enforcement efforts for perpetrators of criminal acts to the court stage. The government can make a special formula related to the expiration of complaints for cyberbullying  cases in the ITE Law. It is hoped that the public will have a high legal awareness in the use of social media so as to prevent criminal acts committed through cyberspace.    

As a popular platform, Windows faces increasingly complex and diverse malware threats. This research evaluates Windows security weaknesses and finds effective methods of mitigating malware attacks. To ensure the validity of the results, the analysis was conducted through literature review, protection method evaluation, and data triangulation. The results show that layered protection methods, which include implementing firewalls, antivirus, and regular system updates, are highly effective in combating different types of malware, such as ransomware, trojans, and spyware. In addition, the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence helps detect threats in real-time. This research provides practical advice for developers and users on how to improve Windows security through a combination of proactive and reactive measures. It also suggests that users be more aware of cybersecurity. The results of this research are expected to serve as a reference for the development of more secure operating systems in the future.

Social media now plays an important role in everyday life and has a great impact on society and people. The drawbacks of social media are discussed in this study. Problems that arise from social media include the rise of fake news, digital addiction, mental health problems, and cyberbullying. To optimize the positive impact of social media and reduce its negative impact, social media must be used wisely. This study aims to analyze the effect of social media use on adolescent mental health. This study used a survey method involving 200 adolescents aged 13-18 years as respondents. Data was collected through a questionnaire that measured the frequency of social media use, types of content consumed, and mental health indicators such as depression and anxiety. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the frequency of social media use and the level of depression and anxiety in adolescents. In addition, exposure to negative content such as cyberbullying and others also contributed to the decline in mental health. This study concludes that excessive and unhealthy social media use can negatively impact adolescents' mental health.

This study investigates the effects of social media usage on the mental health of adolescents, focusing on issues such as anxiety, self-esteem, and depression. Using surveys and interviews, the research examines how prolonged exposure to social media content, peer comparison, and cyberbullying contribute to mental health challenges. Findings indicate that while social media fosters connectivity, it can also exacerbate mental health issues, highlighting the need for greater awareness and parental guidance.

Digital transformation has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including in the realm of law, especially civil contracts. Electronic signature is one of the important innovations that offer efficiency, flexibility, and convenience in contract transactions in the digital era. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of the use of electronic signatures in civil contracts, especially in terms of legal validity, security, and acceptance by the public and business actors. The results show that electronic signatures in Indonesia have been legally recognized based on Law Number 19 of 2016 amending Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law). However, while e-signatures have great potential to speed up the contracting process, several challenges remain, such as security concerns and resistance among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Security issues are a major concern, given the risk of cybercrime such as hacking and digital identity forgery. In addition, low digital literacy in the society hinders the widespread adoption of e-signatures.

The digitalization of the banking sector, driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, has significantly impacted the ease of financial transactions through digital banking services. However, this progress also creates vulnerabilities to cybercrimes, particularly phishing, which aims to steal customers' personal data via fake websites or messages. This article examines relevant legal frameworks, including Law No. 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions (EIT Law), the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP), and regulations issued by the Financial Services Authority (OJK), such as POJK No. 12/POJK.03/2018 on Digital Banking Services. Employing a normative qualitative approach, the study explores the legal protection available to customers as phishing victims and the responsibilities of banks in preventing and addressing such threats. This article recommends strengthening banks' technological security systems, enhancing customers' digital literacy, and enforcing laws more effectively to establish secure and reliable digital banking services.